A computerized model for the self-non-self discrimination at the level of the T(h) (Th genesis). II. The behavior of the system upon encounter with non-self antigens.

abstract：:The chaperone glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) has long been used to augment peptide presentation to T cells. This chaperone binds antigenic peptides, binds to receptors on professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), activates these cells and after internalization, transfers the peptides to MHC class I for activ...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Biswas C,Sriram U,Ciric B,Ostrovsky O,Gallucci S,Argon Y

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MHC class II molecules associate with peptides in the endocytic pathway. Different endosomal locations for peptide loading of class II molecules, varying from early endosomes (EE) to lysosomes, have been assigned on the basis of subcellular fractionation experiments. We have determined the intracellular location of HL...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Fernandez-Borja M,Verwoerd D,Sanderson F,Aerts H,Trowsdale J,Tulp A,Neefjes J

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mercury-induced autoimmunity is characterized by a T cell-dependent B cell activation (mainly of IgG1 and IgE isotypes), production of anti-nucleolar autoantibodies (ANolA) and the formation of renal IgG deposits. The autoimmunity is to a large extent controlled by genetic factors. We studied 15 different inbred mouse...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Abedi-Valugerdi M,Möller G

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:bcl-2 transgenic mice develop anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibodies similar to those present in systemic lupus erythematosus. To begin to understand where a breakdown in the regulation of autoreactive lymphocytes is occurring, we have used a bcl-2 transgene (Tg) in conjunction with an Ig Tg that allows us to identi...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Mandik-Nayak L,Nayak S,Sokol C,Eaton-Bassiri A,Madaio MP,Caton AJ,Erikson J

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike splenic B cells from normal BALB/c mice, those from autoimmune-prone NZB x NZW (B/W) F1 young mice were hyperresponsive to interleukin 2 (IL2) and proliferated even in the absence of prior stimulation signals. We found that the B cell subpopulation responsible for this event belongs to that with 6B2 (B220)-dull...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Hasegawa K,Abe M,Okada T,Hirose S,Sato H,Shirai T

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A human neoplastic B cell line SSK41 that expresses IgM on its surface switches spontaneously to IgG-producing cells. The SSK41 line contains a single immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus, the constant region (C) genes of which retain the germline configuration. The IgG-producing SSK41 line was purified by sorting, and sh...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Sideras P,Mizuta TR,Kanamori H,Suzuki N,Okamoto M,Kuze K,Ohno H,Doi S,Fukuhara S,Hassan MS

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:P-selectin is a Ca(2+)-dependent lectin that participates in leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium and platelets. Myeloid cells and a subset of T lymphocytes express carbohydrate ligands at the cell surface. Previously, we suggested that heat stable antigen (HSA/mouse CD24), an extensively glycosylated cell surfa...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Aigner S,Ruppert M,Hubbe M,Sammar M,Sthoeger Z,Butcher EC,Vestweber D,Altevogt P

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Notch2 and Delta-like 1 (Dll1) have been implicated in the development of marginal zone B (MZB) cells. In the present study, we characterized the expression and function of mouse Notch receptors and ligands in the spleen by using newly generated mAbs. Although Notch2 was expressed on both B and T cells in the spleen, ...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Moriyama Y,Sekine C,Koyanagi A,Koyama N,Ogata H,Chiba S,Hirose S,Okumura K,Yagita H

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:House dust mite (HDM) is a common allergen of allergic asthma. Eosinophils are principal effector cells of allergic inflammation and their adhesion onto human bronchial epithelial cells is mediated by a CD18-intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-dependent interaction. We studied the effects of HDM Dermatophagoide...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Wong CK,Li ML,Wang CB,Ip WK,Tian YP,Lam CW

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rheumatic fever (RF) follows a throat infection with different M-serotypes of beta-hemolytic group A streptococci (GAS) and can affect different tissues, predominantly the heart. It is thought to be an autoimmune illness. Although histological examination of affected heart shows an infiltrate consisting mainly of T ce...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Pruksakorn S,Currie B,Brandt E,Phornphutkul C,Hunsakunachai S,Manmontri A,Robinson JH,Kehoe MA,Galbraith A,Good MF

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mounting evidence has demonstrated that NOD-Shi/scid/γc(null) (NOG) mice are one of the most suitable mouse strains for humanized mouse technologies, in which various human cells or tissues can be engrafted without rejection and autonomously maintained. We have characterized and analyzed various features of the human ...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Suzuki M,Takahashi T,Katano I,Ito R,Ito M,Harigae H,Ishii N,Sugamura K

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune tolerance in the lung is important for preventing hypersensitivity, such as allergic asthma. Maintenance of tolerance in the lung is established by coordinated activities of poorly understood cellular and molecular mechanisms, including participation of dendritic cells (DCs). We have previously identified DC ex...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Han D,Walsh MC,Kim KS,Hong SW,Lee J,Yi J,Rivas G,Choi Y,Surh CD

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the role of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family in host defense against Toxoplasma gondii, we infected TLR2-, TLR4- and MyD88-deficient mice with the avirulent cyst-forming Fukaya strain of T. gondii. All TLR2- and MyD88-deficient mice died within 8 days, whereas all TLR4-deficient and wild-type mice su...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Mun HS,Aosai F,Norose K,Chen M,Piao LX,Takeuchi O,Akira S,Ishikura H,Yano A

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adhesion molecules of the integrin family are implicated not only in leukocyte migration but also in leukocyte activation. Here we characterize the expression and function of fibronectin receptor integrins on rat mast cells. A rat basophilic leukemia cell line (RBL-2H3) and phorbol ester-stimulated rat peritoneal mast...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Yasuda M,Hasunuma Y,Adachi H,Sekine C,Sakanishi T,Hashimoto H,Ra C,Yagita H,Okumura K

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have revealed a role for basophils as antigen-presenting cells that preferentially induce T(h)2 cells in response to complexes of antigen plus antigen-specific IgE, to protease allergens or to helminthic parasites in vitro and in vivo through the production of 'early IL-4' and the presentation to CD4(+)...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Yoshimoto T

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice that are genetically deficient in either IFN-gamma or beta chain of the IFN-gammaR develop diabetes with similar kinetics to wild-type NOD mice. In the current study, we demonstrated that treatment of IFN-gamma signaling-deficient NOD mice with cyclophosphamide (CY) not only fails to indu...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Mori Y,Kato T,Kodaka T,Kanagawa EM,Hori S,Kanagawa O

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well established that the bacterial superantigens bind to both TCR beta-chain and, with moderate affinity, to MHC class II molecules. Class II-bearing cells bind the superantigen and present the superantigen to T cells expressing certain TCR beta-chain variable region alleles. We have observed that the superanti...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Rogers TJ,Guan L,Zhang L

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Liver fibrosis is commonly observed in chronic liver disease. However, the immunological mechanisms underlying hepatic fibrosis due to chronic inflammation are not well defined, mainly because suitable experimental models have not been established. We have found that weekly i.v. administration of concanavalin A (Con A...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Kimura K,Ando K,Ohnishi H,Ishikawa T,Kakumu S,Takemura M,Muto Y,Moriwaki H

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody responses to ingested antigens can be inhibited by a mechanism known as oral tolerance which acts to prevent excessive stimulation from luminal contents. Local IgA responses can be induced in this non-responsive environment and during intestinal inflammation, mucosal IgG responses can also be increased. The p...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Zettel L,Clark DA,Ernst PB

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) are able to inhibit the intracellular growth of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv after activation with recombinant (r) IFN and growth inhibition is mediated by reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) derived from L-arginine. We now demonstrate that tum...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Flesch IE,Hess JH,Oswald IP,Kaufmann SH

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Absence of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling to T cells in mice results in an increase in T cell numbers, an activated CD44 high, CD69-, CD25- T cell phenotype and a T cell-mediated injury to many organs. It is not known if such T cell activation in the absence of TGF-beta signaling is spontaneous o...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Mehal WZ,Sheikh SZ,Gorelik L,Flavell RA

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal human sera contained 10-60 ng/ml of soluble membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) whereas sera of > 50% of the cancer patients contained > 60 ng/ml. MCP purified by immunoaffinity chromatography from both normal and cancer patients' sera consisted of three bands of 56, 47 and 29 kDa on SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting. ...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Seya T,Hara T,Iwata K,Kuriyama S,Hasegawa T,Nagase Y,Miyagawa S,Matsumoto M,Hatanaka M,Atkinson JP

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemokine receptors (CCRs) are important co-stimulatory molecules found on many blood cells and associated with various diseases. The expression and function of CCRs on mast cells has been quite controversial. In this study, we report for the first time that murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) express messeng...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Fifadara NH,Aye CC,Raghuwanshi SK,Richardson RM,Ono SJ

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) signaling mediate most biological functions of IFNalpha, IFNbeta and IFNgamma although recent studies indicate that IFNgamma can alter expression of several genes via a STAT1-independent pathway. STAT1 is critical for immunity against a variety of intracellula...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Roth KM,Gunn JS,Lafuse W,Satoskar AR

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic viral infections are often characterized by CD8 T-cell responses with poor cytokine secretion potential and limited expansion of the CD8 T-cell pool, collectively referred to as CD8 T-cell exhaustion. Exhaustion of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-specific CD8 T cells was shown to be partially regulat...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Richter K,Agnellini P,Oxenius A

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intradermal inoculation of plasmids expressing antigens that contain MHC class I-restricted epitopes leads to the induction of specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The role of in situ transfected antigen-presenting cells (APC) in the priming of specific CTL subsequent to intradermal DNA immunization was inve...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Bot A,Stan AC,Inaba K,Steinman R,Bona C

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used a set of single-chain variable fragment antibodies (sc) genetically fused with an influenza hemagglutinin-derived peptide as a means to investigate the role of CR1 and CR2 in antigen presentation by B cells. When incubated with the B cell lymphoma 2PK3, peptide-containing sc specific for either CR1 or CR1...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Prechl J,Baiu DC,Horváth A,Erdei A

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important porcine bacterial pathogen and a zoonotic agent responsible for sudden death, septic shock and meningitis, with exacerbated inflammation being a hallmark of the systemic and central nervous system (CNS) infections. However, S. suis serotype 2 strains are genetically and ph...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Auger JP,Benoit-Biancamano MO,Bédard C,Segura M,Gottschalk M

更新日期：2019-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The third complementarity determining regions of heavy chain variable regions (CDRH3) confer the fine specificities of antibodies. The CDRH3 length distribution of all human or all mouse antibodies appears to be more or less random, with the human distribution having a wider spread. Since the Kabat database of aligned...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Johnson G,Wu TT

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which could be down-regulated by IL-28B, were reported to suppress T-cell-mediated immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-28B on the immune responses and protective efficacy of a tuberculosis (TB) subunit vaccine. First, a recombinant adenoviral vector expressing ...

journal_title：International immunology

authors： Luo Y,Ma X,Liu X,Lu X,Niu H,Yu H,Bai C,Peng J,Xian Q,Wang Y,Zhu B

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00