Abstract：
:Benzene is biodegraded in the absence of oxygen under a variety of terminal electron-accepting conditions. However, the mechanism by which anaerobic benzene degradation occurs is unclear. Phenol and benzoate have been consistently detected as intermediates of anaerobic benzene degradation, suggesting that the hydroxylation of benzene to phenol is one of the initial steps in anaerobic benzene degradation. The conversion of phenol to benzoate could then occur by the carboxylation of phenol to form 4-hydroxybenzoate followed by the reductive removal of the hydroxyl group to form benzoate. 13C-Labeling studies suggest that the carboxyl carbon of benzoate is derived from one of the carbons of benzene. Although the fumarate addition reaction is commonly used to activate many hydrocarbons for anaerobic degradation, the large activation energy required to remove hydrogen from the benzene ring argues against such an approach for anaerobic benzene metabolism. The alkylation of benzene to toluene has been detected in several mammalian tissues, and offers an interesting alternate hypothesis for anaerobic benzene degradation in microbial systems. In support of this, anaerobic benzene degradation by Dechloromonas strain RCB, the only known species to degrade benzene in the absence of oxygen, is stimulated by the addition of vitamin B12 and inhibited by the addition of propyl iodide which is consistent with the involvement of a corrinoid enzymatic step. Alkylation of benzene to toluene is also consistent with labeling data that suggests that the carboxyl carbon of benzoate is derived from one of the benzene carbons. However, it is difficult to envision how phenol would be formed if benzene is alkylated to toluene. As such, it is possible that diverse mechanisms for anaerobic benzene degradation may be operative in different anaerobic microorganisms.
journal_name
Res Microbioljournal_title
Research in microbiologyauthors
Coates JD,Chakraborty R,McInerney MJdoi
10.1016/s0923-2508(02)01378-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-12-01 00:00:00pages
621-8issue
10eissn
0923-2508issn
1769-7123pii
S0923-2508(02)01378-5journal_volume
153pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Microbial transformation of arsenic species and their interaction with the carbon cycle play a major role in the mobility of this toxic metalloid in the environment. The influence of simple or complex organic substrates on arsenic bio-oxidation was studied using two bacterial strains: one - the arsenivorans strain of ...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resmic.2019.09.006
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-asparagine-linked glycosylation, on the secretion, adhesion and activities of the cellulase complex produced by Clostridium cellulolyticum have been studied. Tunicamycin at 0.1 micrograms/ml slightly inhibited growth on cellobiose. Endoglucanase, p-nitrophenylcellobiosidas...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0923-2508(96)80281-6
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pathogenic Vibrio cholerae strains were compared by fingerprinting with arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). They were O1 classical and El Tor strains and recent non-O1 Bengal strains. Ten oligonucleotides from a total of fifty-two tested gave distinctive patterns, and these strains were separated in...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0923-2508(96)81064-3
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Randomly cloned fragments (in a size range 1 to 2.5 kb) of DNA from Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707, B. adolescentis CIP 64.59T, B. bifidum CIP 64.65 and B. animalis ATCC 25527 were used as hybridization probes to characterize strains of these species and distinguish them from closely related Bifidobacterium species...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0923-2508(96)80271-3
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A variety of pathways for carbon and electron flow in the bacterium Escherichia coli and in other enteric bacteria are differentially expressed depending on whether molecular oxygen is present in the cell environment. This review briefly summarizes the metabolic pathways operative during aerobic versus anaerobic cell ...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0923-2508(94)90092-2
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microcin E492 (MccE492) is an antibacterial protein whose activity on target cells requires ManYZ, the inner membrane component of the mannose permease. We show here that MceA, the polypeptide core of MccE492, stably associates with ManYZ both in the presence and in the absence of MceB, the MccE492 immunity protein. T...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resmic.2010.07.003
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An aerotolerant, psychrotolerant anaerobe, anNAG3, was isolated from an acidic forest floor solution (in situ pH of 4.5). Cells of anNAG3 stained Gram-positive did not form spores, and were not motile. Cells were ovoid, approximately 1 microm long and 0.7 microm wide, mostly in pairs, and contained a multi-layered cel...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resmic.2004.06.006
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chromosome of Escherichia coli is negatively supercoiled. This favours processes that unwind the two DNA strands, such as DNA replication. In this paper, we have investigated the effect of changed levels of overall chromosomal supercoiling on the initiation of DNA replication. Specifically, we have used flow cytom...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0923-2508(92)90060-2
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The understanding of biofilm formation by bioleaching microorganisms is of great importance for influencing mineral dissolution rates and to prevent acid mine drainage (AMD). Thermo-acidophilic archaea such as Acidianus, Sulfolobus and Metallosphaera are of special interest due to their ability to perform leaching at ...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resmic.2016.06.005
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence of increasing resistance to antibiotics in soil and other natural isolates highlights the importance of horizontal transfer of resistance genes in facilitating gene flux in bacteria. Horizontal gene transfer in bacteria is favored by the presence of mobile genetic elements and by the organization of bacterial...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0923-2508(01)01215-3
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multidrug transporters and their transcriptional regulators are key components of bacterial multidrug resistance (MDR). How these multidrug binding proteins can recognize such chemically disparate compounds represents a fascinating question from a structural standpoint and an important question in future drug developm...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0923-2508(02)00013-X
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Jarosite precipitates formed in iron oxidising bioreactors have been shown to harbour iron-oxidisers. The aim of this study was to develop an iron oxidising bioprocess where microorganisms are retained solely on biogenic jarosite particles. Based on preliminary experiments using a fluidised-bed bioreactor (FBR), the f...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resmic.2020.06.004
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pseudomonas mendocina carrying a novel class 1 integron containing an IMP-8 gene was isolated from an inanimate surface in a female ward sanitary facility of the Hospital Infante D. Pedro, Aveiro, Portugal. Hybridization with the integrase gene (intI1) and 16S rDNA revealed that the integron is chromosomally located. ...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resmic.2010.03.004
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used a mouse Peyer's patch gut loop model to investigate the role of the intestinal membranous epithelial (M) cells in the pathogenesis of Salmonella typhimurium. These specialized antigen sampling cells are located in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) overlying the isolated and aggregated lymphoid foll...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0923-2508(94)90031-0
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monoclonal antibody II-6-18 recognizes a serogroup-1-specific Legionella pneumophila antigenic determinant which has been shown to be virulence-associated. We previously reported the physicochemical characterization by means of a quantitative fluorometric assay of monoclonal antibody II-6-18 binding to L. pneumophila,...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0923-2508(90)90082-2
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii synthesizes extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) that is postulated to be a biologically active signalling molecule in clover symbiosis. A group of seven exopolysaccharide-deficient (Exo), non-nitrogen-fixing mutants of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain 24.1 isolated by transposon...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0923-2508(03)00113-X
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), a novel method for molecular typing, was evaluated for its ability to differentiate among a group of highly related Chlamydia psittaci strains isolated from ruminants and belonging to serotype 1. A total set of 12 strains were included in this study, 10 strains inducing a...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0923-2508(99)80020-5
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are sodium channel blocking (SCB) toxins, produced by cyanobacteria, as well as by marine dinoflagellates and their associated bacteria, and cause serious health and economic concern worldwide. In a previous study, approximately 70% of the bacteria enriched from PST-contaminated shell...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0923-2508(02)01328-1
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DegS and DegU make up a two component system belonging to a class of signal transduction systems that play important roles in a broad range of bacterial responses to the environment. However, little study has been done to explore the physiological functions of DegS-DegU in mosquitocidal Lysinibacillus sphaericus. In t...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resmic.2017.12.006
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell-free extracts of various strains belonging to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Ptb) and "wood-pigeon" (WP) mycobacteria were compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the various protein bands obtained were tested for peroxidase enzyme activity. One strain of Mycobacterium avium served as a control. Bacte...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0923-2508(90)90019-m
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The structure of spiroplasmas in the Chinese mitten crab associated with tremor disease was studied by transmission electron microscopy techniques, including both negative staining and ultrasectioning. A spiral structure, which is a typical form of spiroplasmas, could be detected and the observations showed for the fi...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resmic.2004.04.010
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This brief note reports the nucleotide sequences of the second nifH region of Methanobacterium ivanovii and of the two nifH regions of Methanosarcina barkeri 227. In the three cases, nifH is followed by two ORF (open reading frames) similar to ORF105 and ORF128 respectively, which were previously found downstream of M...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0923-2508(91)90091-n
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:5-Mycoloyl-beta-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->2)-5-mycoloyl-alpha-ar abinofuranosyl-(1-->1')-glycerol, an antigenic glycolipid from the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) was examined for its applicability to the serodiagnosis of MAC infection by ELISA. Serum IgM antibody titres against this glycolipid in health...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0923-2508(93)90048-7
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The major 25-kDa outer membrane protein (Omp25) of Brucella abortus was purified and antigenically characterized by use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Purification was achieved from the sodium dodecyl sulphate-insoluble (SDS-I) cell wall (CW) fraction of vaccine strain B. abortus B19 which was shown by use of mAbs t...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0923-2508(96)81383-0
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:OprI, a small outer membrane lipoprotein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can be produced in large amounts and anchored at the surface on Escherichia coli cells. A four-time repeated (His-Cys) motif was fused to the C-terminal part of OprI. After induction, E. coli cells harbouring the recombinant oprI gene became more se...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0923-2508(01)01263-3
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Escherichia coli mannitol permease (EIIMtl) of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system is a 68-kDa membrane protein that carries out the concomitant transport and phosphorylation of D-mannitol. Previous studies indicated that there are ca. 6 membrane-spanning helices within the N-terminal half ...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0923-2508(92)90003-7
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although it seems obvious that fever has some important general adaptive value, it is still not clear by what means this function is manifested. One postulate is that febrile conditions result in the sequestration of soluble iron, effectively starving some pathogens of that essential nutrient. On the basis of our rece...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0923-2508(94)90182-1
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Formation of organized colony morphology is clearly a result of organized, coordinated behavior of cells within a colony, which reflects changes in the cell environment, nutrient availability, inter- and intracolony signaling and others. Under standard conditions, colony morphology is specific to the particular yeast ...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resmic.2005.05.012
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As part of an ongoing study to determine the true habitat of Bacillus species, we report here the isolation and characterisation of Bacillus subtilis from the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Strains were obtained from ileum biopsies as well as from faecal samples and their biotypes defined. 16S rRNA analysis revea...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resmic.2008.11.002
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deinococcus radiodurans is a bacterium best known for its extreme resistance to high levels of ionizing radiation. Gene expression profiles of D. radiodurans exposed to 0.3 M NaCl revealed that at least 389 genes were induced and 415 were repressed by twofold or more. A general down-regulation of the central metabolic...
journal_title：Research in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resmic.2013.07.005
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
