Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:Efavirenz (EFV) plasma levels have been discussed as a predictor of treatment failure in HIV infected patients. The aim of this prospective, open-labeled, case-control study was to evaluate pretreated patients in regards to efavirenz plasma levels and efficacy of therapy. METHODS:Blood samples were obtained monthly from 33 patients receiving efavirenz in combination with other antiretroviral agents for at least 3 months. EFV plasma concentrations and potease inhibitor (PI) plasma levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). EFV plasma levels were correlated with efficacy. In patients with virologic failure genotypic resistance testing was performed. RESULTS:Mean efavirenz plasma levels (n = 240) of 33 patients were 3.119 +/- 2.497 ng/ml. There were no significant differences between median efavirenz plasma levels of 24 patients (72%) with a HIV-RNA < 20 copies/ml (2.168 ng/ml), 3 patients with HIV-RNA of 20 500 copies/ml (3.362 ng/ml), and 6 patients with a virologic failure (>500 copies/ml) (2.190 ng/ml) respectively. Efavirenz plasma levels below 1.000 ng/ml were found in 4/27 effective treated patients, and in 4/6 patients with virologic failure. In all patients with virologic failure multiple NRTI, NNRTI and PI mutations were found in genotypic resistance testing. CONCLUSION:An individual EFV plasma level below 1.000 ng/ml in one single measurement seems to be predictive of viral failure and the developement of genotypic resistance. Therapeutic drug monitoring of EFV might be helpful, especially in heavily pretreated patients, to reach long term sufficently effectiveness of therapy.
journal_name
Eur J Med Resjournal_title
European journal of medical researchauthors
Langmann P,Weissbrich B,Desch S,Väth T,Schirmer D,Zilly M,Klinker Hsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-07-24 00:00:00pages
309-14issue
7eissn
0949-2321issn
2047-783Xjournal_volume
7pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Previous publications described pericardial effusion as one of the most common HIV-associated cardiac affiliations. The aim of the current study was to investigate if pericardial effusion still has a...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1186/2047-783x-16-11-480
更新日期：2011-11-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of high plasmatic levels of homocysteine in hypertensive patients with mild renal dysfunction (MRD) defined by 2003 European Hypertension Society Guidelines (men plasmatic creatinine between 1.3 and 1.5; women plasmatic creatinine between 1.2 and 1.4 mg/dl) has not been previously reported. To evaluate ...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-05-26 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In subtotal central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), distinct retinal edema with acute onset irreversible visual loss is common. - METHODS:Clinical observation, fluorescein angiogram. - PATIENT:A 69-year-old patient presented with acute visual loss of his right eye. Risk factors for CRAO were arterial hype...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Polyadenosylation of nuclear enzymes is well known to regulate the cellular repair capacity after DNA damage. PARP mediates the transfer of poly-ADP-ribose moieties on itself and other nuclear proteins by the breakdown of NAD+. The present study investigated how modulation of PARP activity interferes with cell death i...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-10-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection of the CNS with significant acute and long-term morbidity. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system may be a potentially harmful complication of TBE. MATERIAL AND METHODS:In a retrospective case series, 5 patients with acute TBE were evaluated for clinic...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of diosgenin, an important monomer of sapogenins in yams, on ovarian reserve in a natural aging mice model. STUDY DESIGN:This randomized controlled trial included 60 9-month-old C57 naturally aging female mice. Twenty-one mice were assigned to the dio grou...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s40001-017-0285-6
更新日期：2017-10-18 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Carcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini of the kidney (CDC) is very rare but among the most aggressive urological entities. Standard therapy is not well defined with questionable efficacy. METHODS:We present two cases of male patients (49 and 66 years old) with pT3a pN2 CDC treated with a combination...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-11-24 00:00:00
abstract：:So far, neither treatment with standard unfractionated heparin (UFH) nor with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) has been shown to reduce mortality or to improve neurological outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Although a reduction of early recurrent stroke has been demonstrated for the use of subcutaneou...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In intestinal epithelium, tyrosine kinase receptor Ephrin B3 (Eph B3) maintains the architecture of the crypt-villus axis by repulsive interaction with its ligand ephrin-B1. While loss of Eph B3 is linked to colorectal cancer initiation, overexpression of Eph B3 in cancer cell lines inhibits growth and induc...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/2047-783X-17-10
更新日期：2012-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The Gasperini syndrome is a very rare brainstem disease characterized by the typical combination of ipsilateral lesions of the cranial nerves V-VII and dissociated contralateral hemihypesthesia, whereas both contralateral and ipsilateral hypacusis was described. Since the first description in 1912, only a few cases of...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/2047-783x-14-9-413
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among primary hepatic malignancies, sarcomas represent a minority of 2 %. Of those, primary hepatic angiosarcoma is the most common one. In the past its incidence has been related to the exposure of certain chemicals like thorotrast, vinyl-chloride or arsenic. - Patients suffering from this aggressive, highly vascular...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-12-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication of orthopedic implant surgery. Treatment often includes the use of an antibiotic-loaded Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement spacer. Several antibiotics are commonly used for the preparation of these spacers, but due to the increasing number of...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s40001-020-00428-z
更新日期：2020-08-18 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:At workplaces, organic solvents are often used as mixtures. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge of their acute effects on human central nervous system. Here we report the effects of a toluene-acetone mixture. METHODS:In a parallel design, subgroups of 12 healthy men each were exposed to a mixture conta...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-09-12 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare two reduced dose indinavir (IDV) + ritonavir (RTV) combinations guided by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in treatment-naive HIV1-infected patients. METHODS:HIV1-infected treatment naive patients were prospectively randomized to treatment with IDV 600 mg or 400 mg BID each in combination with RT...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：2007-07-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to high concentrations of oxygen is known to induce changes in lung function through effects on several pulmonary cell types, including alveolar macrophages (AM). In this study, we studied the in vitro effects of hyperoxia on the release of proinflammatory cytokines and the expression of surface receptors in ...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-04-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We aimed to analyze the association between hypertension and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after orthopedic surgery. METHODS:Relevant studies were identified by a search of PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, the Chinese Biomedical Literature, and Weipu database until December 201...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1186/s40001-016-0207-z
更新日期：2016-03-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious clinical syndrome with a high rate of mortality. In this study, the effects of triptolide on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in rats were investigated. METHODS:Sixty-five male Sprague Dawley rats(approved by ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sooch...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,收录出版
doi：10.1186/2047-783X-18-58
更新日期：2013-12-17 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent studies were able to demonstrate involvement of the complement cascade in bone biology. Further studies analyzed the role of complement in traumatic injuries and demonstrated negative effects after excessive systemic activation of the inflammatory response with early abrogation of complement activatio...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s40001-016-0236-7
更新日期：2016-10-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxytocin is one of the most potent uterotonic agents and is known to fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle, showing an increase during sexual stimulation and arousal, with a peak during orgasm in women. To date, limited data are available on the effects of oxytocin on the regulation of uterine contractility and tra...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The occurrence of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in HIV-infected patients has been reported in only five cases. Due to a very small number of reported HIV/APL patients who have been treated with different therapies with the variable outcome, the prognosis of APL in the setting of the HIV-infection is unclear. Here...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/2047-783x-14-1-42
更新日期：2009-01-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Though AIDS-related morbidity and mortality are generally decreasing as a result of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and prevention of opportunistic infections, dual infection with HCV and HIV leads to an acceleration in the natural course of chronic hepatitis C (cHC) and worsening of associated liver dise...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type：
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Orthogonal Polarization Spectral (OPS) imaging technique has been introduced for in vivo assessment of microcirculation in humans. Unclear remains, whether the new technique would allow for accurate investigations of the colon microcirculation with respect to the unique conditions of the microvasculature...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-12-17 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite extensive research, the underlying pathological mechanisms of osteoporosis are not completely understood. Recent studies have indicated a distinct role for the IFN-β/STAT1 pathway in bone metabolism. An inhibitory effect of IFN-β on osteoclastogenesis has been detected and STAT1/2 has been shown to i...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s40001-014-0074-4
更新日期：2015-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is rapidly growing in all populations worldwide. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is easily applied as a diagnostic test to a large number of individuals in the general population. However, no study has reported the normal reference values of BRS for the CAN diagnostic t...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/2047-783X-19-8
更新日期：2014-02-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Unilateral papillitis caused by Treponema pallidum was found in an immunocompetent homosexual patient with severe vision loss who had received previous antibiotics treatment. Syphilis-related ocular manifestation is more common in the early stages of the disease and it can be associated with a central nervous system l...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/2047-783X-17-3
更新日期：2012-02-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Coronavirus is challenging the global health care system from time to time. The pregnant state, with alterations in hormone levels and decreased lung volumes due to a gravid uterus and slightly immunocompromised state may predispose patients to a more rapidly deteriorating clinical course and can get a great...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1186/s40001-020-00439-w
更新日期：2020-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chondral or osteochondral lesions, post-traumatic contracture and loose bodies of the elbow are often associated with chronic pain, stiffness, repetitive swelling and joint blockages. Therefore, arthroscopy of the elbow is often used in the elderly for the treatment of osteochondral defects or arthrolysis. T...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s40001-018-0338-5
更新日期：2018-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study a potential influence of diatomaceus earth to lower blood cholesterol was investigated. During 12 weeks we monitored serum lipid concentrations in 19 healthy individuals with a history of moderate hypercholesterinemia (9 females, 10 males, aged 35 - 67 years). Individuals administered orally 250 mg diato...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-04-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Five patients with non-cytotoxic drug-induced agranulocytosis were treated with recombinant human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (rh-G-CSF). The drugs involved were dipyrone, captopril, clozapine and carbimazole. Bone marrow examination revealed a depleted granulopoiesis with normal erythro- and megakaryocytopo...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-12-18 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the first case of a well defined extrinsic allergic alveolitis as a complication of sulfasalazine therapy in a patient treated for psoriatic arthritis. CT of the chest showed small nodular densities over both lungs, BAL demonstrated a highly active lymphocytic alveolitis and transbronchial biopsies revealed ...
journal_title：European journal of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-11-20 00:00:00
