The role of vitamin A in mammalian reproduction and embryonic development.

abstract：:During the recent resurgence of interest in the clinical uses of vitamin E, one of the major foci of attention has been the neurologic role of vitamin E in humans. Studies in patients with secondary vitamin E deficiency, caused by fat malabsorption disorders and total parenteral nutrition lacking an adequate supply of...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Sokol RJ

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A full review of the strengths and limitations of the various methods used to define amino acid requirements is provided. The focus is on the recent development of carbon oxidation techniques such as indicator amino acid oxidation and 24-h amino acid balance to determine dietary indispensable (essential) amino acid ne...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Pencharz PB,Ball RO

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Investigations into regulating metabolic pathways with stable isotopes have, over the past decade, undergone major development with the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry in studying labeling patterns of newly synthesized biomolecules. In this review, we concentrate on investigations of mass isoto...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Brunengraber H,Kelleher JK,Des Rosiers C

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review examines the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in the utilization of nitrogen, the identities of the nitrogenous substances entering and leaving the gut, and the significance of this recycling in the overall nitrogen economy of the body. It is concerned with nonruminant mammals, including man. ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Fuller MF,Reeds PJ

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary guidelines are formulated to meet minimum nutrient requirements, which prevent deficiencies and maintain health, growth, development, and function. These guidelines can be inadequate and contribute to disrupted homeostasis, lean body mass loss, and deteriorated performance in individuals who are working long, ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Pasiakos SM

更新日期：2020-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans fatty acids raise plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in volunteers when exchanged for cis unsaturated fatty acids in the diet. In addition, trans fatty acids may lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and raise triglyceride and lipoprotein(a) levels in plasma. Trans and cis ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Katan MB,Zock PL,Mensink RP

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thirty years ago, it was suggested that maternal intake of certain vitamins during pregnancy affected the incidence of serious fetal malformations. Subsequent research has revealed that folate (folic acid), a B vitamin, plays a crucial role in the development of the central nervous system during the early weeks of ges...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Butterworth CE Jr,Bendich A

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to taste bitter thiourea compounds, such as phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), is inherited. Polymorphisms in the bitter-taste receptor TAS2R38 explain the majority of phenotypic variation in the PROP phenotype. It has been hypothesized that the PROP phenotype is a marker for percep...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Keller KL,Adise S

更新日期：2016-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past, alcoholic liver disease was attributed exclusively to dietary deficiencies, but experimental and judicious clinical studies have now established alcohol's hepatotoxicity. Despite an adequate diet, it can contribute to the entire spectrum of liver diseases, mainly by generating oxidative stress through its...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Lieber CS

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is now recognized as a serious chronic disease, but there is pessimism about how successful treatment can be. A general perception is that almost no one succeeds in long-term maintenance of weight loss. To define long-term weight loss success, we need an accepted definition. We propose defining successful long...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wing RR,Hill JO

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose is an essential nutrient for the human body. It is the major energy source for many cells, which depend on the bloodstream for a steady supply. Blood glucose levels, therefore, are carefully maintained. The liver plays a central role in this process by balancing the uptake and storage of glucose via glycogenes...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Nordlie RC,Foster JD,Lange AJ

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recognition that mitochondria participate in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism grew out of pioneering work beginning in the 1950s from the laboratories of D.M. Greenberg, C.G. Mackenzie, and G. Kikuchi. These studies revealed mitochondria as the site of oxidation of one-carbon donors such as serine, glycine, s...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Tibbetts AS,Appling DR

更新日期：2010-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Much of the science underlying nutrition has come from biochemical studies. This certainly is true in our understanding of the metabolism and function of such micronutrient cofactors as vitamins and metal ions. My own interest stems from an early desire to understand the molecular events in an organism and ultimately ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： McCormick DB

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of dietary protein in weight loss and weight maintenance encompasses influences on crucial targets for body weight regulation, namely satiety, thermogenesis, energy efficiency, and body composition. Protein-induced satiety may be mainly due to oxidation of amino acids fed in excess, especially in diets with "...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Westerterp-Plantenga MS,Nieuwenhuizen A,Tomé D,Soenen S,Westerterp KR

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How much vitamin E is enough? An established use of supplemental vitamin E in humans is in the prevention and therapy of deficiency symptoms. The cause of vitamin E deficiency, characterized by peripheral neuropathy and ataxia, is usually malabsorption-a result of fat malabsorption or genetic abnormalities in lipoprot...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Traber MG,Sies H

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary proteins and amino acids are important modulators of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Although high intake of dietary proteins has positive effects on energy homeostasis by inducing satiety and possibly increasing energy expenditure, it has detrimental effects on glucose homeostasis by promoting ins...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Tremblay F,Lavigne C,Jacques H,Marette A

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipolysis of white adipose tissue triacylglycerol stores results in the liberation of glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids that are released into the vasculature for use by other organs as energy substrates. In response to changes in nutritional state, lipolysis rates are precisely regulated through hormonal and bio...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Duncan RE,Ahmadian M,Jaworski K,Sarkadi-Nagy E,Sul HS

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, nutritionally directed alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism appear to be adaptive and to serve important protective roles in the overall economy of the body. These adjustments to nutrition are found at practically every level of thyroid regulation, beginning in the CNS and ending with the final action...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Danforth E Jr,Burger AG

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are abundant intracellular proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids with high affinity. Nine separate mammalian FABPs have been identified, and their tertiary structures are highly conserved. The FABPs have unique tissue-specific distributions that have long suggested functional di...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Storch J,Corsico B

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium requirements may vary throughout the lifespan. During the growth years and up to age 25-30, it is important to maximize dietary intake of calcium to maintain positive calcium balance and achieve peak bone mass, thereby possibly decreasing the risk of fracture when bone is subsequently lost. The RDA for age 10-...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Arnaud CD,Sanchez SD

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nutrient content and nutrient timing are considered key regulators of human health and a variety of diseases and involve complex interactions with the mucosal immune system. In particular, the innate immune system is emerging as an important signaling hub that modulates the response to nutritional signals, in part via...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Nobs SP,Zmora N,Elinav E

更新日期：2020-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:It is clear that many diseases are known to involve defects in vitamin B6 metabolism, but that even more await definitive studies. Furthermore, some functions of vitamin B6, such as its role in glucocorticoid action (21), have been discovered so recently that the medical implications have not yet been fully explored. ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Merrill AH Jr,Henderson JM

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are modulated by the nutrients that replace them and their food matrices. Replacement of SFAs with polyunsaturated fatty acids has been associated with reduced CVD risk, although there is heterogeneity in both fatty acid categories. In co...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Siri-Tarino PW,Chiu S,Bergeron N,Krauss RM

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepcidin, a peptide hormone made in the liver, is the principal regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin controls plasma iron concentration and tissue distribution of iron by inhibiting intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling by macrophages, and iron mobilization from hepatic stores. Hepcidin acts by inhibi...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Nemeth E,Ganz T

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Caloric restriction (CR), the consumption of fewer calories without malnutrition, and reduced insulin and/or IGFI receptor signaling delay many age-related physiological changes and extend the lifespan of many model organisms. Here, we present and review microarray and biochemical studies indicating that the potent an...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Spindler SR,Dhahbi JM

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High sugar intake may increase cancer risk by promoting insulin-glucose dysregulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and body adiposity, but epidemiologic evidence is unclear. Associations between dietary sugars and lifestyle-related cancer risk from longitudinal studies were evaluated. We systematically searched Pu...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Makarem N,Bandera EV,Nicholson JM,Parekh N

更新日期：2018-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:More than one million Americans were expected to be diagnosed with cancer in 2003 (7a). Compelling experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence indicates that many cancers are preventable, especially because diet and nutrition are key factors in the modulation of cancer risk. The road to nutritional interventi...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Forman MR,Hursting SD,Umar A,Barrett JC

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It appears that specific functions may be assigned to some of the cellular folate binding proteins with some degree of certainty. Those that are membrane bound or derived from membranes probably have a role in transport of folate molecules into the cell. This is in spite of the fact that the localization of this prote...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wagner C

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiologic and experimental evidence reviewed in this article emphasizes the complex and multifactorial etiology of endemic goiter. The important role of iodine deficiency as an etiologic factor in endemic goiter is firmly established, but there is evidence that other environmental factors can play an equally impor...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Gaitan E

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Iron deficiency in early life is associated with delayed development as assessed by a number of clinical trials using similar global scales of development; this poor development during infancy persists in most cases after iron therapy has corrected iron status. If iron deficiency occurs in preschool and older children...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Beard JL,Connor JR

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00