Abstract:
:The immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil is a prodrug for the active compound mycophenolic acid. Following organ transplantation, it is used mostly in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs, but it has also been used as primary therapy. Although in the pivotal clinical studies the drug was given in fixed doses, there has been substantial interest in the measurement of mycophenolic acid in plasma as a guide to optimizing therapy. Data have emerged which indicate that the metabolism of the compound is more complex than was originally thought and that variability in exposure to the drug, assessed by area under the time-concentration curve, is an important determinant of efficacy. This article highlights basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for mycophenolic acid, which underlie the rationale for its measurement. These data are then set in the context of providing a routine service for the measurement of the drug with either of the analytical techniques currently available--immunoassay or high-performance liquid chromatography. There are a number of issues regarding the clinical interpretation of mycophenolic acid measurements which are yet to be resolved. Centres contemplating the introduction of such a service will need to keep abreast of a rapidly evolving literature.
journal_name
Ann Clin Biochemjournal_title
Annals of clinical biochemistryauthors
Holt DWdoi
10.1258/0004563021902035subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-05-01 00:00:00pages
173-83issue
Pt 3eissn
0004-5632issn
1758-1001journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Background The clinical utility of serum thyroglobulin in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma may be compromised by the presence of endogenous antithyroglobulin antibodies. To prevent interference by antithyroglobulin antibodies several groups have developed real-time PCR-based assays for q...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0004563216671538
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Measurement of HbA(1c) is the standard test for assessment of glycaemic control in diabetic subjects. Using new glucose sensing technology we re-evaluated the significance of HbA(1c) in terms of the aspects of the blood profile it measures in patients with diabetes. METHODS:In a group of 27 patients with ty...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/000456302320314557
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The stability of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in whole blood has not been well characterized. Previous studies show EDTA plasma samples to be more stable than serum samples. METHODS:Blood from 17 haemodialysis patients and five healthy volunteers was collected into serum separator tubes (SSTs) and potassium ED...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/000456307780480927
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble-fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) are biomarkers of placental function used to aid the diagnosis and prediction of pregnancy complications. This work verified the analytical performance of both biomarkers and provides preliminary diagnostic accuracy data to identi...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0004563220911993
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 1381 urine specimens were screened using a Microgenics CEDIA urinary primary methadone metabolite (2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine; EDDP) immunoassay (cut-off calibrator concentration of 100 microg/L) in combination with a Dade Behring EMIT urinary methadone immunoassay (cut-off calibrator...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/0004563001899267
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pregnancy represents a major risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Most coagulation/fibrinolysis markers currently utilized change during pregnancy, and therefore they cannot accurately evaluate thrombotic events in pregnancy because the rate of false positive results is high. Fibrin monomer complex (F...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/000456307781646076
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The pneumatic tube system (PTS) has been implicated in inducing haemolysis. It is not known whether certain sample types are more susceptible to haemolysis than others. We assessed the level of haemolysis in commonly used sample types in the clinical biochemistry department when transported through the PTS. ...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/000456304323019631
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a commercially available procedure for detecting anti-Sjögren's syndrome A (anti-SSA) and anti-Sjögren's syndrome B (anti-SSB) antibodies by immunoblotting (IB) and compare it with double immunodiffusion (DID). We also studied the clinical significance of these pr...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/000456329903600310
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concentrations of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25 Hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) were determined in 99 Saudi patients with sickle cell disease and in 104 matching healthy controls. Serum calcium and 25OHD were significantly lower in the patients, with 14% and 12% of...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/000456329303000108
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by the malignant proliferation of a plasma cell clone that produces a monoclonal immunoglobulin. Diagnosis and management of patients with monoclonal gammopathies depend on accurate identification and characterization of monoclonal proteins. We present a 6...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0004563213512801
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Refeeding syndrome (RS) is a potentially fatal condition that can occur following the re-introduction of nutrition after a period of starvation. Hypophosphataemia following the reintroduction of nutrition is often the only reliable biochemical marker of RS. Refeeding index (RI) generated from baseline insuli...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0004563214523739
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole blood and washed erythrocytes from nutritionally normal and abnormal elderly patients were stored at room temperature, 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C for up to 14 days. In both groups, and under all storage conditions, the erythrocyte transketolase (ETK) activity and the thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) effect decrea...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/000456328502200417
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erythrocuprein (superoxide dismutase) has recently been shown to have an enzymic function towards superoxide anions. The discovery of superoxide dismutase, its mode of action, and estimation are reviewed along with a brief introduction to oxygen activation and free-radical chemistry. The formation, activity, and destr...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/000456327601300125
更新日期:1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Phlebotomy is a potential cause of preanalytical errors. We have observed phlebotomy in routine practice in a busy Emergency Department, to see how current practice compares with optimal blood sampling. METHODS:Phlebotomy episodes were audited and compared with standard procedures. A computer-based search o...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/acb.2011.011099
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Digoxin requesting patterns were studied prospectively over a 6-month period. Clinicians were not forewarned that the study was being undertaken. Many samples received in the laboratory were taken at incorrect times after the drug had been given. This led to inappropriate action being taken in some cases. Appropriate ...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/000456328702400410
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We evaluated the diagnostic discrimination of a new micro-flow cell device (Nanoduct) which measures sweat conductivity in situ at a regional referral centre for cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS:The device was evaluated in comparison to the measurement of sweat chloride with the established quantitative piloca...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/000456306778520025
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by thrombosis, fetal losses and thrombocytopenia associated to antiphospholipid antibodies. They are directed to phospholipids, such as cardiolipins (anticardiolipin) and lupus anticoagulant or to complexes formed by phospholipids and protein ...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0004563216672248
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropeptides are present in brain tissue as well as in cerebrospinal fluid. Studies from a variety of disciplines have demonstrated that neuropeptides have neuromodulatory activities. Such activities are apparent in the involvement of neuropeptides in the regulation of adaptive, autonomic, and endocrine functions of ...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/000456328201900416
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The standard colorimetric methods most often used for the measurement of serum unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) are subject to gross interference by iron dextran. This paper describes a brief evaluation of an alternative radiometric assay for serum UIBC, based on a commercially available kit method, but incorp...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/000456328802500323
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simultaneous localisation of the isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase was carried out on 173 serum samples from patients with hepatobiliary and bone disease to determine (i) if a better discrimination of the underlying pathology could be obtained by such an approach, and (ii) if the pathol...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/000456328001700104
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary antibody deficiency syndromes are a group of rare disorders characterized by an inability to produce clinically effective immunoglobulin responses. Some of these disorders result from genetic mutations in genes involved in B cell development, whereas others appear to be complex polygenic disorders. They mo...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1258/acb.2008.008175
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::591 patients with a history of coronary heart disease had one or more biochemical markers of tobacco smoking measured. 26% were self reported smokers and a further 4% were apparent 'smoking deceivers'. The urinary nicotine metabolite concentration is an excellent marker for tobacco smoking; breath CO would be a suitab...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/000456329503200213
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The osmolality of plasma and heparinised whole blood samples collected from hospital patients was estimated using measurement of the depression of freezing point. There was no clinically significant difference between osmolality measurement made on either whole blood, or plasma taken from the same patient. Neither cel...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/000456328602300115
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recently introduced turbidimetric immunoassay using shell/core particles for determination of myoglobin (Turbiquant Myoglobin, Behringwerke, Marburg, Germany) was evaluated on the Behring Turbitimer analyzer. Intra-assay CV varied between 1.0% and 3.2%; interassay CV was between 2.0% and 3.6%. Linear results were ob...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/000456329102800509
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Golgi protein-73 (GP73) is a newly identified candidate serum marker for liver diseases. The utility of this biomarker remains limited, largely due to the lack of quantitative information. The aims of this study were to quantify serum GP73 (sGP73) in healthy individuals and in patients with liver diseases, a...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/acb.2008.008088
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a 63-year-old man who presented with breathlessness and weight loss and was diagnosed on echocardiography to have carcinoid heart disease. It was later transpired that he underwent surgical removal of an ileal carcinoid tumour 19 years previously. ...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/acb.2009.009195
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The worldwide epidemic of obesity is a major public health concern and is persuasively linked to the rising prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is often associated with an abnormal lipoprotein profile, which may be partly negated by pioglitazone intervention, as this can influence the ...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1258/acb.2012.012019
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patient with sepsis and jaundice was admitted for diagnosis and treatment. Associated biochemical changes included increased C-reactive protein, conjugated bilirubin and gamma-glutamyltransferase, the duration of which was protracted. High urine coproporphyrin isomer-1 and immunostaining of liver tissue suggested Du...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/acb.2012.011279
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The measurement of galactose-1-phosphate has been advocated for monitoring galactosaemia. A radioenzymatic method is described in which red-cell haemolysates are incubated with radiolabelled uridine diphospho-glucose and exogenous galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase. Labelled glucose-1-phosphate is formed in prop...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/000456328602300313
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity and lean body mass (LBM) (by anthropometry) were measured in 120 women (20-82 years) and 70 men (20-82 years). Plasma CK activity and LBM was higher in men than in women. In men plasma CK activity was significantly correlated (product moment correlation coefficient) with LBM and ne...
journal_title:Annals of clinical biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/000456328802500411
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00