Abstract：
:When exposed to extreme cold or injected with the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, infant rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs). Based upon the cardiovascular changes that accompany these two manipulations, especially decreased venous return, it was hypothesized that USVs are the acoustic by-product of the abdominal compression reaction (ACR), a maneuver that increases venous return. If this hypothesis is correct, then other anithypertensive drugs that decrease venous return should evoke USVs. In Experiment 1, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 400 microg/kg), a direct-acting dilator of arteries and veins, was administered to 15-day-old rats under thermoneutral conditions while cardiac rate and ultrasound production were monitored. In Experiment 2, femoral artery pressure was monitored after SNP administration. Infants responded to SNP administration with decreased arterial pressure and tachycardia and, in addition, significantly increased ultrasound production. In Experiment 3, chlorisondamine (5 mg/kg), a ganglionic blocker that causes vasodilation and bradycardia, and hydralazine (20 mg/kg), a selective dilator of arteries, was administered to 15-day-olds. As predicted, chlorisondamine evoked ultrasound production and hydralazine did not. These results introduce SNP and chlorisondamine as only the second and third known agents capable of independently evoking USVs in thermoneutral conditions, and provide further support for the notion that ultrasound production is triggered by decreased venous return.
journal_name
Behav Brain Resjournal_title
Behavioural brain researchauthors
Blumberg MS,Sokoloff G,Kirby RF,Knoot TG,Lewis SJdoi
10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00369-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-04-01 00:00:00pages
37-46issue
1-2eissn
0166-4328issn
1872-7549pii
S0166432801003692journal_volume
131pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Unit activity in the medial septal area of the rat was studied during pavlovian appetitive differential conditioning. The firing pattern of cells in the medial septum is that of suppression to presentation of the conditioned excitor and no significant increase to the presentation of the conditioned inhibitor. This pat...
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