Vaccines for transplant recipients.

abstract：:Occupational transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus, and HIV has been documented. The risk for occupationally transmitted infection varies for these three viruses. Despite effective pre- and postexposure prophylaxis for HBV and recent recommendations for postexposure chemoprophylaxis after an HIV e...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Cardo DM,Bell DM

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the lethal end stage of a sexually transmitted disease caused by a virus that is producing the major epidemic of our century. In this article we describe the history and epidemiology of AIDS and the disease states associated with infection with the human immunodeficiency vi...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Wood RW,Collier A

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The desideratum of "appropriate" antibiotic therapy include efficacy, safety, and low cost. Strategies for achieving these goals include education, control of the hospital formulary, written justification forms and automatic stop orders, ongoing utilization review, restriction, required consultation, control of labora...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Bryan CS

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the microbiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and recent advances in the therapy of protozoan and helminthic infections of the central nervous system, with more emphasis given to protozoan than to helminthic infections. ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Niu MT,Duma RJ

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article establishes the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters that are important when considering the intracellular activity of antibiotics. Generally speaking, the main classes of antibiotics seem to share globally the same properties against extracellular and intracellular organisms. The specific cellular ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Carryn S,Chanteux H,Seral C,Mingeot-Leclercq MP,Van Bambeke F,Tulkens PM

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oral mucositis is a serious complication of cancer therapy and in severely immunosuppressed patients. In immunosuppressed patients, the signs and symptoms of infection often are muted because of limited host response, and accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment may be difficult. Prevention of mucosal breakdown, s...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Epstein JB

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Latin America, acute gastroenteritis remains to be an important cause of morbidity in adults and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. A child under 5 years of age belonging to a low income segment of the Latin American population will develop 5 to 10 bouts of diarrhea every year. The bacterial and ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Prado V,O'Ryan ML

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Considering experience acquired in the past years, it seems as though physicians have reached a plateau in the frequency of peritonitis. A peritonitis rate of 1 every 2 patient years may be acceptable. Further reduction of this peritonitis rate will require inordinately large efforts on all fronts. One will have to co...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Vas S,Oreopoulos DG

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the ICU, fever can be expected to accompany an extensive number of conditions of both infectious and noninfectious etiologies. It is crucial to identify the precise cause of fever, because certain conditions in either category may be life-threatening, whereas others require no treatment at all. It is important to r...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Cunha BA,Shea KW

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oral lesions are easily visualized and often are signs of systemic diseases. Clinical diagnosis of viral and fungal infections can sometimes be confusing because many lesions will have similar clinical presentations. This article reviews the more common viral- and fungal-associated lesions found in the oral cavity in ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Glick M,Siegel MA

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The unknowns persisting in the understanding of the mode of action of anti-core lipopolysaccharide antibodies are discussed, and a study of two anti-lipid A monoclonal antibodies is reviewed. This article also critically analyzes the results of the recent clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies. ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Baumgartner JD

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urinary tract infections are common during infancy and childhood but are easily overlooked because of the unspecific symptoms. Prevention of renal scarring and its potential long-term consequences is possible but requires an increased awareness of the diagnosis, the imaging revealing anomalies within the urinary tract...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Hansson S,Martinell J,Stokland E,Jodal U

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis occurs in 5 to 35 per cent of AIDS patients, frequently precedes the diagnosis of AIDS, and is increasing in incidence. Clinically, AIDS-associated tuberculosis is similar in presentation to progressive, primary tuberculosis and can be treated effectively with standard antitube...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Jacobson MA

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vancomycin and daptomycin are options for the initial treatment of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. Treatment options for persistent MRSA bacteremia or bacteremia due to vancomycin-intermediate or vancomycin-resistant strains include daptomycin, ceftaroline, and combination ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Holubar M,Meng L,Alegria W,Deresinski S

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As the result of a formidable effort, the recent TB epidemic in the United States has abated; however, major questions remain as the risk of TB diminishes. Will we maintain an adequate public health effort not only to prevent another resurgence of TB but also to renew our pursuit of TB elimination? Do we have the will...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Griffith DE

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, especially in women. Low-dose daily or postcoital antimicrobial prophylaxis is effective for prevention of recurrent UTIs and women can self-diagnose and self-treat a new UTI with antibiotics. The increasing resistance rates of Escherichia coli to antimicrobial age...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Geerlings SE,Beerepoot MA,Prins JM

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diarrhea is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. The causes of acute diarrhea in children vary with the location, time of year, and population studied. There is increasing recognition of a widening array of enteric pathogens associated with diarrheal diseases. Adequate fluid ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Dennehy PH

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory tract illness caused by viral infection in children 2 years of age and younger, frequently associated with wheezing on physical examination. It is a common cause of hospitalization, particularly in patients with risk factors for more serious disease. The diagnosis can be made based...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Kyler KE,McCulloh RJ

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen in the hospital and in the community, and it is increasingly resistant to multiple antibiotics. A nonantimicrobial approach to controlling S aureus is needed. The most extensively tested vaccine against S aureus, which is a capsular polysaccharide-based vaccine known as S...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Schaffer AC,Lee JC

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tegumentary leishmaniases are caused by approximately 15 species of protozoa of the genus Leishmania. They prevail in tropical and subtropical areas of the Old and New World but human mobility also makes them a medical problem in nonendemic areas. Clinical manifestations may comprise cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Goto H,Lauletta Lindoso JA

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised host. The type and timing of immunosuppression will predispose the patient to infections with certain pathogens. This article discusses the types of immunosuppression and their infectious and noninfectious implications. Key points of t...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Collin BA,Ramphal R

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Population growth in the twentieth century is at its highest level in history, with the world's population now doubling in approximately 40 years. An unprecedented 90 million people are being added worldwide each year, with most of the growth taking place in the developing world. The implications of this rate of growt...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Rosenfield A

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Critical-care units can be barometers for appropriate antimicrobial use. There, life and death hang on empirical antimicrobial therapy for treatment of infectious diseases. With increasing therapeutic empiricism, triple-drug, broad-spectrum regimens are often necessary, but cannot be continued without fear of the doub...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Owens RC Jr

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HA-1A is a human monoclonal IgM antibody that binds to endotoxin. The results of the clinical trials of HA-1A demonstrate that HA-1A reduces mortality among patients with sepsis and gram-negative bacteremia. Secondary endpoints, including resolution of organ failure, discharge from intensive care unit, and discharge f...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Smith CR,Straube RC,Ziegler EJ

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of a host to sense invasion by a pathogenic organism, and to respond appropriately to control infection, is paramount to survival. To that end, an array of receptors and binding proteins has evolved as part of the innate immune system to detect Gram-negative bacteria. This article reviews the role of CD14,...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Ingalls RR,Heine H,Lien E,Yoshimura A,Golenbock D

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An overview of the mechanism of action, dosing, clinical indications, and toxicities of the glycopeptide vancomycin is provided. Emerging gram-positive bacterial resistance to antimicrobials and its mechanisms are reviewed. Strategies to control emergence of resistance are proposed. Newer antimicrobial agents with act...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Lundstrom TS,Sobel JD

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigens located in the midgut of the tick are hidden from the host's immune system. Egg production of ticks can be reduced when ticks are fed on animals vaccinated with midgut antigens of the tick, and a subunit vaccine formulated with the recombinant antigen Bm86 is now available that can reduce the number of ticks ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Lee R,Opdebeeck JP

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article familiarizes the clinician with the principles of bacterial susceptibility testing and reporting to facilitate communication with the clinical microbiology laboratory. The emergence of resistance in nearly all commonly isolated bacterial organisms has highlighted the need for ongoing dialogue between the ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Joyce M,Woods CW

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In healthy adults and children in developed countries, most foodborne and water-borne infections are short-lived and resolve without specific treatment. In developing areas, these infections may produce acute mortality and chronic morbidity caused by developmental impairment. Immune-compromised hosts are at increased ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Steiner T

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article summarizes the epidemiologic evidence linking Mycoplasma genitalium to sexually transmitted disease syndromes, including male urethritis, and female cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and adverse birth outcomes. It discusses the relationship of this bacterium to human immunodeficiency v...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Manhart LE

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00