Antibiotics for gram-positive bacterial infections: vancomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, linezolid, and daptomycin.

abstract：:Critical-care units can be barometers for appropriate antimicrobial use. There, life and death hang on empirical antimicrobial therapy for treatment of infectious diseases. With increasing therapeutic empiricism, triple-drug, broad-spectrum regimens are often necessary, but cannot be continued without fear of the doub...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Owens RC Jr

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Within the past several years, the decision to employ outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) is driven by adequacy of insurance, availability of appropriate resources within the community, and the clinical stability of the patient. Current dogma is that virtually any diagnosed disease can be treated outside t...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Brown RB

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Legionella is a common cause of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia. New information on the pathogenesis of infection and the host immune response is reviewed. Specialized laboratory tests, especially culture, are necessary for diagnosis since the clinical presentation is nonspecific. New antimicrobial agents a...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Nguyen MH,Stout JE,Yu VL

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anti-varicella-zoster virus serum antibody assays and their use in vaccine development are described. Of particular interest are FAMA and neutralization assays and the gpELISA. These and other assays are compared and summarized in terms of characteristics including biologic relevance, sensitivity, specificity, and sui...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Krah DL

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At the heart of imminent healthcare reform are the future physicians of this decade. Medical educators will want to stimulate a desire within students to practice humanitarian, cost-effective, community-oriented primary care. Further studies to examine the effects of medical student experiences in international electi...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Chiller TM,De Mieri P,Cohen I

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HTLV-1 infection is endemic in several Latin American countries. HTLV-1-associated myelophathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL) are emerging diseases in the region. Documented risk factors for acquiring the virus include breast-feeding, contaminated blood transfusion, an...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Gotuzzo E,Arango C,de Queiroz-Campos A,Istúriz RE

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urinary tract infections are common during infancy and childhood but are easily overlooked because of the unspecific symptoms. Prevention of renal scarring and its potential long-term consequences is possible but requires an increased awareness of the diagnosis, the imaging revealing anomalies within the urinary tract...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Hansson S,Martinell J,Stokland E,Jodal U

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, especially in women. Low-dose daily or postcoital antimicrobial prophylaxis is effective for prevention of recurrent UTIs and women can self-diagnose and self-treat a new UTI with antibiotics. The increasing resistance rates of Escherichia coli to antimicrobial age...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Geerlings SE,Beerepoot MA,Prins JM

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An ever-increasing population of immunocompromised individuals, including not only the burgeoning AIDS population but also those patients whose host defenses have been damaged by a wide variety of diseases and their therapies, requires prophylaxis against infectious diseases. Existing vaccines can provide some benefit...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Hibberd PL,Rubin RH

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Use of the most rapid and reliable laboratory tests for mycobacterial detection, identification, and susceptibility testing is important for TB control. In 1993, CDC experts made recommendations regarding optimal methods of mycobacterial testing (i.e., stains for AFB, culture, identification, and susceptibility testin...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Woods GL

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Injection drug use is the most common transmission route for hepatitis C. High rates of infection are observed among individuals on opioid agonist therapy. Although people who inject drugs carry the highest burden, few have initiated treatment. We present a comprehensive review of the evidence on the efficacy of HCV m...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Norton BL,Akiyama MJ,Zamor PJ,Litwin AH

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal models have proven to be invaluable in bridging the gap between in vitro susceptibility testing of an antibiotic and anticipating results obtained in clinical studies. Variables such as antibiotic concentration, inoculum of organism, and pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug can be carefully controlled to prov...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Tunkel AR,Scheld WM

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article presents a discussion of the management of vascular prosthetic infections. The emphasis is on aortic graft infections, but other peripheral graft infections are also discussed. ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Golan JF

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although infective endocarditis is certainly not the most common infection seen in injecting drug users, it is the infection that clinicians most commonly think of when they consider infectious complications of injected drug use. The microbiology of infective endocarditis in injection drug users has remained relativel...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Brown PD,Levine DP

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are DNA viruses and are members of the Herpesviridae family. Morphologically, CMV resembles other herpes viruses, particularly herpes simplex viruses, with important cytopathic differences. CMVs are recognized pathogens that cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in compromised hosts, such a...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Cunha BA

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:No practitioner can hide from HIV. Patients infected with HIV are treated in every type of practice setting as the number of cases increases at an alarming rate. This article provides 10 basic guidelines for the care of HIV-infected patients. ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Glatt AE

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In older adults, pathophysiologic, clinical, and environmental factors all affect the presentation of infections. We explore how age-related changes influence the manifestation and evaluation of infections in this population. Specific topics include immunosenescence, age-related organ-specific physiologic changes, and...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： El Chakhtoura NG,Bonomo RA,Jump RLP

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Campylobacter is now known to be a major cause of gastrointestinal illness throughout the world. There are seven species known to be associated with enteritis, and it is likely that more will be described. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for more than 95 per cent of the cases of diarrhea due to Campylobacter. Cont...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Cornick NA,Gorbach SL

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of characteristic clinical, serologic, and immunologic responses to primary HIV infection has contributed greatly to our understanding of the natural history of HIV infection. Subjects usually present with a mononucleosis-like illness and during the period of primary infection there is a characteris...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Tindall B,Cooper DA,Donovan B,Penny R

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although a small number of infections in total joint replacements are blood borne from distant sources, most infections appear to have been derived at operation. Strenuous attempts to reduce this risk by cleaning the air in the wound environment, coupled with prophylactic antibiotics, have reduced infection rates by a...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Gillespie WJ

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Water serves as a major reservoir for the environmental mycobacteria. Many cases of cutaneous mycobacterial disease result from water exposure. The current theory of the pathogenesis of M. avium complex lung disease involves inhalation of organisms aerosolized from surface water. Disseminated M. avium disease in AIDS ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Wallace RJ Jr

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have proposed a model in which the initiation of human parturition in the presence of infection is controlled by the host. Systemic maternal infections such as pyelonephritis or localized infections such as deciduitis can trigger parturition by the activation of the monocyte and macrophage system in peripheral bloo...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Gomez R,Romero R,Edwin SS,David C

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents continues to be a major problem among both nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens. Bacteria employ a variety of strategies to avoid the inhibitory effects of antibiotic agents, and have evolved highly efficient means for the dissemination of resistance traits. T...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Fraimow HS,Abrutyn E

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As the result of a formidable effort, the recent TB epidemic in the United States has abated; however, major questions remain as the risk of TB diminishes. Will we maintain an adequate public health effort not only to prevent another resurgence of TB but also to renew our pursuit of TB elimination? Do we have the will...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Griffith DE

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellulitis is a common clinical diagnosis in the outpatient and inpatient setting; studies have demonstrated a surprisingly high misdiagnosis rate: nearly one-third of cases are other conditions (ie, pseudocellulitis). This high rate of misdiagnosis is thought to contribute to nearly $515 million in avoidable health c...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Garcia BM,Cruz-Diaz C,Agnihothri R,Shinkai K

更新日期：2021-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Changes that occur in the pharmacology of drugs in the elderly must be considered in the use of antimicrobial agents. Although absorption of orally administered drugs is not affected in a significant way, renal function decreases, drug-drug interactions increase, compliance with regimens may be decreased, and drug tox...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Stalam M,Kaye D

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article establishes the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters that are important when considering the intracellular activity of antibiotics. Generally speaking, the main classes of antibiotics seem to share globally the same properties against extracellular and intracellular organisms. The specific cellular ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Carryn S,Chanteux H,Seral C,Mingeot-Leclercq MP,Van Bambeke F,Tulkens PM

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The returning traveler with fever presents a diagnostic challenge for the health care provider. When evaluating such a patient, the highest priority should be given to diseases that are potentially fatal or may represent public health threats. A good history is paramount and needs to include destination, time and dura...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Speil C,Mushtaq A,Adamski A,Khardori N

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It appears incontestable that there is a link between genital ulcer disease and HIV infection. On the one hand the natural history and response to therapy of syphilis, HSV-2, and chancroid are all modified by the immunosuppressive effects of HIV infection. On the other hand, HIV transmission is probably facilitated by...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Augenbraun MH,McCormack WM

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum protein binding of antimicrobials can reduce antimicrobial activity, restrict tissue distribution, and delay drug elimination. Binding percentages of 80 per cent or more have the potential to significantly reduce free drug levels and affect therapeutic efficacy in patients. However, binding-induced alterations i...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Craig WA,Ebert SC

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00