Pneumonia in the compromised host including cancer patients and transplant patients.

abstract：:Since the beginning of the epidemic, extensive research has been conducted in the field of HIV infection. Original research and subsequent meta-analyses have contributed to a better understanding of the disease. Epidemiologic research has shown, for example, that male circumcision reduces the risk of female-to-male tr...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Vergidis PI,Falagas ME,Hamer DH

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Campylobacter is now known to be a major cause of gastrointestinal illness throughout the world. There are seven species known to be associated with enteritis, and it is likely that more will be described. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for more than 95 per cent of the cases of diarrhea due to Campylobacter. Cont...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Cornick NA,Gorbach SL

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antimicrobial stewardship programs aim to monitor, improve, and measure responsible antibiotic use. The intensive care unit (ICU), with its critically ill patients and prevalence of multiple drug-resistant pathogens, presents unique challenges. This article reviews approaches to stewardship with application to the ICU...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Doernberg SB,Chambers HF

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have proposed a model in which the initiation of human parturition in the presence of infection is controlled by the host. Systemic maternal infections such as pyelonephritis or localized infections such as deciduitis can trigger parturition by the activation of the monocyte and macrophage system in peripheral bloo...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Gomez R,Romero R,Edwin SS,David C

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccine recommendations continue to evolve as a result of new vaccines, safety considerations, changing disease incidence (e.g., polio), and public health priorities. The pace of discovery is accelerating and advisory committees will need to respond accordingly. Each vaccine, new or old, will be required to earn its p...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Gardner P,Peter G

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At the heart of imminent healthcare reform are the future physicians of this decade. Medical educators will want to stimulate a desire within students to practice humanitarian, cost-effective, community-oriented primary care. Further studies to examine the effects of medical student experiences in international electi...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Chiller TM,De Mieri P,Cohen I

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HTLV-1 infection is endemic in several Latin American countries. HTLV-1-associated myelophathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL) are emerging diseases in the region. Documented risk factors for acquiring the virus include breast-feeding, contaminated blood transfusion, an...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Gotuzzo E,Arango C,de Queiroz-Campos A,Istúriz RE

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the changing epidemiology of infections associated with injection drug use, perceived barriers to care, features of successful programs for outpatient antimicrobial treatment, models of shared decision making at the time of discharge, and linkage to preventative care after antimicrobial completion...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Hurley H,Sikka M,Jenkins T,Cari EV,Thornton A

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article, gynecologic conditions of increased importance in the HIV-infected woman are discussed. Women living with HIV may have an increase in menstrual disorders, lower genital tract neoplasias, gynecologic surgery, and sexually transmitted infections. The literature relevant to choosing a method of contracep...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Cejtin HE

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A small number of bacterial agents, including enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Shigella and Vibrio cholerae 01 and one virus, rotavirus, combine to cause a major proportion of the diarrheal illness of public health importance worldwide. Salmonella typhi is by far the major caus...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Levine MM,Edelman R

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Compromised travelers represent a diverse and challenging group of individuals. They include HIV-infected patients who are at risk for potentially adverse reactions to immunizations, and new exposures to enteric water-borne opportunistic pathogens associated with chronic infections. Such travelers may encounter unfami...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Mileno MD,Bia FJ

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article familiarizes the clinician with the principles of bacterial susceptibility testing and reporting to facilitate communication with the clinical microbiology laboratory. The emergence of resistance in nearly all commonly isolated bacterial organisms has highlighted the need for ongoing dialogue between the ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Joyce M,Woods CW

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the microbiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and recent advances in the therapy of protozoan and helminthic infections of the central nervous system, with more emphasis given to protozoan than to helminthic infections. ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Niu MT,Duma RJ

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although infective endocarditis is certainly not the most common infection seen in injecting drug users, it is the infection that clinicians most commonly think of when they consider infectious complications of injected drug use. The microbiology of infective endocarditis in injection drug users has remained relativel...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Brown PD,Levine DP

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Global eradication of smallpox, elimination of poliomyelitis in the Western Hemisphere, and a 90% decrease in Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in the Western Hemisphere mark some of the achievements of immunization programs around the world. Yet many serious problems continue to exist, particularly in the developing ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Grossman M

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article establishes the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters that are important when considering the intracellular activity of antibiotics. Generally speaking, the main classes of antibiotics seem to share globally the same properties against extracellular and intracellular organisms. The specific cellular ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Carryn S,Chanteux H,Seral C,Mingeot-Leclercq MP,Van Bambeke F,Tulkens PM

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Throughout history, infectious diarrhea has been associated with crowding, poor sanitation, and war. Although descriptions of infectious diarrhea exist in the earliest records of civilization, effective measures for prevention were not widely or consistently used until the modern era of active public health promotion....

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Lim ML,Wallace MR

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bacteremia and endocarditis. Over the past several years, the frequency of S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) has increased dramatically. This increasing frequency, coupled with increasing rates of antibiotic resistance, has renewed interest in this serious, common infection. S. aur...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Petti CA,Fowler VG Jr

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An overview of the mechanism of action, dosing, clinical indications, and toxicities of the glycopeptide vancomycin is provided. Emerging gram-positive bacterial resistance to antimicrobials and its mechanisms are reviewed. Strategies to control emergence of resistance are proposed. Newer antimicrobial agents with act...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Lundstrom TS,Sobel JD

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent decades have witnessed the emergence and spread of parasites resistant to standard drug therapies, particularly malaria. Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum has now spread to most malarial areas, and resistance to other antimalarial drugs, including mefloquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, have become ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Barat LM,Bloland PB

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coccidioides, a fungus, is endemic to specific parts of the Western Hemisphere. This article examines the prevalence, pathogenesis and host defense, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of coccidioidomycosis. ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Chiller TM,Galgiani JN,Stevens DA

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-positive patients are now undergoing solid organ transplantation at increasing rates, with successful outcomes. Transplantation in this unique patient population presents new challenges in the postoperative management of both antiretroviral regimens and immunosuppressive regimens. This review highlights the drug-d...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Primeggia J,Timpone JG Jr,Kumar PN

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Erythema migrans (EM) is the most common objective manifestation of Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Systemic symptoms are usually present. Most patients do not recall a preceding tick bite. Despite a characteristic appearance, EM is not pathognomonic for Lyme disease and must be distinguished from other similar appear...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Nadelman RB

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oral lesions are easily visualized and often are signs of systemic diseases. Clinical diagnosis of viral and fungal infections can sometimes be confusing because many lesions will have similar clinical presentations. This article reviews the more common viral- and fungal-associated lesions found in the oral cavity in ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Glick M,Siegel MA

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An ever-increasing population of immunocompromised individuals, including not only the burgeoning AIDS population but also those patients whose host defenses have been damaged by a wide variety of diseases and their therapies, requires prophylaxis against infectious diseases. Existing vaccines can provide some benefit...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Hibberd PL,Rubin RH

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article focuses on the use of immunoglobulin variable regions, including Id, anti-Id, anticlonotypes, and Id engineering as putative vaccines and vaccine strategies for infectious diseases; and specific discussion of Id systems involving antigenic determinants associated with potentially pathogenic organisms. ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Hefty PS,Kennedy RC

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza is a zoonotic respiratory virus that affects birds, mammals, and humans. Influenza viruses are unique in their genetic instability, which frequently results in antigenic drift or shift. Antigenic shifts are responsible for influenza epidemics. Influenza A pandemics have been responsible for millions of death...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Cunha BA

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytomegalovirus (CMV) may no longer be the menace that plagues stem cell transplant outcomes, owing to marked improvements in transplantation techniques and methods of prophylaxis. However, it still remains a common and morbid problem for recipients of stem cell transplant and patients with certain hematologic maligna...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Pande A,Dubberke ER

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The combination of molecular pathogen diagnostics and the biomarker procalcitonin (PCT) are changing the use of antimicrobials in patients admitted to critical care units with severe community-acquired pneumonia, possible septic shock, or other clinical syndromes. An elevated serum PCT level is good supportive evidenc...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Gilbert DN

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Considering experience acquired in the past years, it seems as though physicians have reached a plateau in the frequency of peritonitis. A peritonitis rate of 1 every 2 patient years may be acceptable. Further reduction of this peritonitis rate will require inordinately large efforts on all fronts. One will have to co...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Vas S,Oreopoulos DG

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00