Abstract：
:We have proposed a model in which the initiation of human parturition in the presence of infection is controlled by the host. Systemic maternal infections such as pyelonephritis or localized infections such as deciduitis can trigger parturition by the activation of the monocyte and macrophage system in peripheral blood and human decidua. Preterm labor and preterm PROM can, according to this, be considered events that occur when the intrauterine or maternal environment is hostile and threaten the survival of the fetal-maternal pair. From this point of view, the initiation of preterm labor may have survival value. Why does intrauterine infection result in preterm labor in some cases and PROM in others? It is possible that regulation of different components of the host response has an important role to play in determining clinical presentation. Thus, if preferential activation of the host response leads to the secretion of uterotonic agents (i.e., prostaglandins), preterm labor will result. On the other hand, if the activation of the host response results predominantly in the production of proteases (i.e., leukocyte elastase and MMPs), patients are more likely to experience PROM. Preterm labor and preterm PROM can be considered expressions of the same basic phenomenon: activation of the host-defense macrophage system. Although we have provided evidence that infection is an important factor in the pathogenesis of these conditions, preterm parturition should be considered as a syndrome with multiple causes.
journal_name
Infect Dis Clin North Amjournal_title
Infectious disease clinics of North Americaauthors
Gomez R,Romero R,Edwin SS,David Cdoi
10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70347-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-03-01 00:00:00pages
135-76issue
1eissn
0891-5520issn
1557-9824pii
S0891-5520(05)70347-0journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Water serves as a major reservoir for the environmental mycobacteria. Many cases of cutaneous mycobacterial disease result from water exposure. The current theory of the pathogenesis of M. avium complex lung disease involves inhalation of organisms aerosolized from surface water. Disseminated M. avium disease in AIDS ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HTLV-1 infection is endemic in several Latin American countries. HTLV-1-associated myelophathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL) are emerging diseases in the region. Documented risk factors for acquiring the virus include breast-feeding, contaminated blood transfusion, an...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70225-7
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At the close of the 19th century, the germ theory had generated a new understanding of the causes of acute infectious diseases and revealed new directions for study. This understanding contributed to the greatest improvements in health in the history of medicine. At the end of the 20th century, the second stage of thi...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0891-5520(03)00099-0
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mold infections carry a substantial clinical and economic burden in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with a high overall mortality of near 30%. The most important pathogens include Aspergillus, the Zygomycetes, Fusarium, Scedosporium/Pseudallescheria, and the dematiaceous (dark) molds. Risk factors for the infe...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2018.04.006
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preventing traveler's diarrhea is usually a matter of common sense, good luck, and the host's ability to defend against enteric pathogens, particularly enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Untreated tap water, ice cubes, unpasteurized milk products, salads, food from street vendors, and dining in unhygienic-appearing res...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The number of species that comprise the family of Bartonellaceae, genus Bartonella, has recently increased from one to 11 species, five of which have been associated with different diseases and syndromes in humans. The rapidly growing number of human pathogens has led several investigators to regard bartonellosis and ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70215-4
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article summarizes the epidemiologic evidence linking Mycoplasma genitalium to sexually transmitted disease syndromes, including male urethritis, and female cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and adverse birth outcomes. It discusses the relationship of this bacterium to human immunodeficiency v...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2013.08.003
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of therapy for gram-negative bacillary bacteremia, the amelioration of the underlying conditions, the correction of predisposing factors, the drainage of abscesses, the removal of infected foreign bodies, and adequate supportive care are also of paramount importance for curi...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the ICU, fever can be expected to accompany an extensive number of conditions of both infectious and noninfectious etiologies. It is crucial to identify the precise cause of fever, because certain conditions in either category may be life-threatening, whereas others require no treatment at all. It is important to r...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70294-4
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The combination of molecular pathogen diagnostics and the biomarker procalcitonin (PCT) are changing the use of antimicrobials in patients admitted to critical care units with severe community-acquired pneumonia, possible septic shock, or other clinical syndromes. An elevated serum PCT level is good supportive evidenc...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2017.05.003
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccination usually means the immunization of persons or animals against foreign infectious organisms for disease prevention. However, it has now been demonstrated that immunization against certain self substances to which tolerance normally exists can elicit beneficial effects to humans and other animals without indu...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An increasing number of HIV-infected patients will require surgical therapy. The methods of diagnosis and therapeutic planning for HIV-infected patients are the same as for all other patients. Surgery should be advised if an operation is likely to have a positive effect on the patient's life. Most patients with AIDS w...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nosocomial diarrhea due to infection with C. difficile is a major health care problem, causing 20% to 30% of institutionally acquired diarrhea and affecting up to 8% of hospitalized patients. The clinical microbiology laboratory should be able to provide both diagnostic and epidemiologic services for institutions wher...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bacteremia and endocarditis. Over the past several years, the frequency of S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) has increased dramatically. This increasing frequency, coupled with increasing rates of antibiotic resistance, has renewed interest in this serious, common infection. S. aur...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(01)00003-4
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiretroviral management of treatment-naive patients begins with the decision of when to start treatment. Current treatment guidelines suggest starting therapy in anyone with AIDS, HIV-related symptoms, or a CD4 cell count less than 200/mm3 regardless of symptoms. Starting treatment in asymptomatic patients with CD4 ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2007.01.002
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vancomycin and daptomycin are options for the initial treatment of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. Treatment options for persistent MRSA bacteremia or bacteremia due to vancomycin-intermediate or vancomycin-resistant strains include daptomycin, ceftaroline, and combination ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2020.04.003
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many functional, demographic, and immunologic changes associated with aging are responsible for increasing the incidence and severity of infectious diseases in the elderly. Management is complicated by age-related organ system changes. Because many of the elderly are on multiple medications for underlying illnesses, a...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2007.07.006
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An ever-increasing population of immunocompromised individuals, including not only the burgeoning AIDS population but also those patients whose host defenses have been damaged by a wide variety of diseases and their therapies, requires prophylaxis against infectious diseases. Existing vaccines can provide some benefit...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultrasound for diagnosis and staging of schistosomiasis and echinococcosis have paved the way over the past several decades for the application of ultrasound in tropical diseases. Until recently, the size and cost of ultrasound systems limited the application in low-resource settings. The increase in portable ultrasou...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2018.10.008
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nature of infections after solid-organ transplantation has changed with increasingly potent immunosuppressive regimens, routine use of antimicrobial prophylaxis, and improved microbiologic diagnostic tools. New pathogens have been identified in this population including many with significant antimicrobial resistan...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2010.01.005
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory tract illness caused by viral infection in children 2 years of age and younger, frequently associated with wheezing on physical examination. It is a common cause of hospitalization, particularly in patients with risk factors for more serious disease. The diagnosis can be made based...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2017.10.002
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of meningococcal disease is at an historic low in the United States, but prevention remains a priority because of the devastating outcomes and risk for outbreaks. Available vaccines are recommended routinely for persons at increased risk for disease to protect against all major serogroups of Neisseria me...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2015.08.002
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnostic approach to the compromised host with CNS infection depends on an analysis of the patient's clinical manifestations of CNS disease, the acuteness or subacuteness of the clinical presentation, and an analysis of the type of immune defect compromising the patient's host defenses. Most patients with CNS in...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70160-4
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injection drug use is the most common transmission route for hepatitis C. High rates of infection are observed among individuals on opioid agonist therapy. Although people who inject drugs carry the highest burden, few have initiated treatment. We present a comprehensive review of the evidence on the efficacy of HCV m...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2018.02.001
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Critical-care units can be barometers for appropriate antimicrobial use. There, life and death hang on empirical antimicrobial therapy for treatment of infectious diseases. With increasing therapeutic empiricism, triple-drug, broad-spectrum regimens are often necessary, but cannot be continued without fear of the doub...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2009.04.015
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infection is a well-described complication of cirrhosis and is a major cause of death in this population. This article examines the types of infections related with cirrhosis, such as bacteremia, urinary tract infections, meningitis, and others. ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70150-1
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although only few cases of diphtheria are reported annually in the United States, substantial numbers of adults have declining levels of protective serum antitoxin. A recent outbreak of diphtheria in Sweden emphasizes the importance of reimmunizing adults in diphtheria toxoid, included as part of routine use of tetanu...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A wide range of soft-tissue infections can occur in diabetic patients, the consequences of which can be devastating. Early recognition and intervention, which may involve both surgical and medical approaches, can improve clinical outcomes. ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Improvements in donor selection, testing of donors for markers of infection, and viral inactivation of plasma-derived products have helped reduce the risk of transfusion-associated infections, including hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). The potential for transmission of em...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70419-0
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Herpes zoster (HZ) is the result of reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) and occurs most frequently in older adults. Classically, HZ presents as a unilateral, selflimited, dermatomal rash. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common sequela, presenting as severe pain that persists after the rash has resolv...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.016
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
