Abstract：
:In Latin America, acute gastroenteritis remains to be an important cause of morbidity in adults and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. A child under 5 years of age belonging to a low income segment of the Latin American population will develop 5 to 10 bouts of diarrhea every year. The bacterial and viral enteropathogens associated with acute diarrhea are reviewed in this article. Updated information on epidemiologic, clinical, and pathogenic aspects for the relevant enteropathogens is discussed with special emphasis on regional data when available. The current diarrheogenic E. coli classification is particularly discussed. A diagnostic approach to acute gastroenteritis for both the clinical and research laboratories in Latin America as well as guidelines for treatment are proposed.
journal_name
Infect Dis Clin North Amjournal_title
Infectious disease clinics of North Americaauthors
Prado V,O'Ryan MLsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-03-01 00:00:00pages
77-106issue
1eissn
0891-5520issn
1557-9824journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Opportunistic ocular infections are a common and important complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is by far the most frequent infection, but other viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections of the posterior segment of the eye may be seen. Infections of the anterior segment ar...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the lethal end stage of a sexually transmitted disease caused by a virus that is producing the major epidemic of our century. In this article we describe the history and epidemiology of AIDS and the disease states associated with infection with the human immunodeficiency vi...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) syndrome is a potentially life-threatening infection typified by a combination of a capillary leak syndrome and bleeding diathesis. Most but not all agents causing VHF are arboviruses, with transmission to humans resulting from an arthropod bite. Agents of VHF affect humans on all con...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2012.02.003
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mass gatherings have attracted the attention of the medical community because of the increased demand made on existing services and the potential for public health problems resulting from changes in population dynamics and behaviors. Crowding, lack of hygiene, and rapid population movement at mass gatherings can lead ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2012.05.005
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Septic shock is a common life-threatening problem, usually presenting with fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, and often a source of infection. The cardiac index is increased, with a decreased systemic vascular resistance, and a reversibly decreased ejection fraction with an increased end diastolic volume. The myocardial d...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70298-1
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccination usually means the immunization of persons or animals against foreign infectious organisms for disease prevention. However, it has now been demonstrated that immunization against certain self substances to which tolerance normally exists can elicit beneficial effects to humans and other animals without indu...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although only few cases of diphtheria are reported annually in the United States, substantial numbers of adults have declining levels of protective serum antitoxin. A recent outbreak of diphtheria in Sweden emphasizes the importance of reimmunizing adults in diphtheria toxoid, included as part of routine use of tetanu...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of a host to sense invasion by a pathogenic organism, and to respond appropriately to control infection, is paramount to survival. To that end, an array of receptors and binding proteins has evolved as part of the innate immune system to detect Gram-negative bacteria. This article reviews the role of CD14,...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70078-7
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zygomycosis is an increasingly common infection in immunocompromised patients. Advances in the understanding of Zygomycetes pathobiology and the introduction of new drugs with improved activity and tolerability for treatment of zygomycosis have improved the prospects of effectively controlling this devastating infecti...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2006.06.003
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a deadly zoonotic disease caused by the Ebola virus. There is no specific treatment approved for EVD. Supportive care and management of complications are mainstays of treatment. Effective outbreak control requires a multidisciplinary team effort applying case management, infection preventi...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2019.08.005
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The penicillins continue to be important antibiotics for the treatment and prophylaxis of many infectious diseases. The emergence of resistant microorganism has led to the development of newer penicillin compounds that have extended spectrums of antimicrobial activity. Beta-lactamase production by many pathogenic bact...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. In older adults, it is responsible for an estimated 3.7 million illnesses; 320,000 outpatient visits; 69,000 emergency department visits; 39,000 hospitalizations; and 960 deaths annually in the United States. Older adults are particularly at risk for severe outc...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.012
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although antimicrobial stewardship has been shown to improve microbiologic susceptibility patterns, decrease drug toxicities, and lower overall drug costs in the inpatient setting, there are few studies assessing programs in the long-term care (LTC) setting. Implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs in LTC setti...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2014.01.001
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diarrhea is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. The causes of acute diarrhea in children vary with the location, time of year, and population studied. There is increasing recognition of a widening array of enteric pathogens associated with diarrheal diseases. Adequate fluid ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2005.05.003
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the ICU, fever can be expected to accompany an extensive number of conditions of both infectious and noninfectious etiologies. It is crucial to identify the precise cause of fever, because certain conditions in either category may be life-threatening, whereas others require no treatment at all. It is important to r...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70294-4
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases in the United States. It accounts for 500,000 hospitalizations and 45,000 deaths each year, and it represents one of the most common causes of ICU admission. The mortality rate due to severe CAP has shown little improvement over ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2009.04.003
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amebiasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica. This protozoan organism is the third leading parasitic cause of death in the developing world and is an important health risk to travelers in endemic areas. Amebiasis most commonly results in asymptomatic colonization of the gastrointestinal ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70121-5
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infection with HIV is a problem of growing magnitude among women and children in the United States. During 1991, AIDS will be among the five leading causes of death for women of childbearing age. Over 80% of children with HIV have acquired the infection vertically, and AIDS is now a leading cause of death of children ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Influenza is a zoonotic respiratory virus that affects birds, mammals, and humans. Influenza viruses are unique in their genetic instability, which frequently results in antigenic drift or shift. Antigenic shifts are responsible for influenza epidemics. Influenza A pandemics have been responsible for millions of death...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0891-5520(03)00095-3
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At the heart of imminent healthcare reform are the future physicians of this decade. Medical educators will want to stimulate a desire within students to practice humanitarian, cost-effective, community-oriented primary care. Further studies to examine the effects of medical student experiences in international electi...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The desideratum of "appropriate" antibiotic therapy include efficacy, safety, and low cost. Strategies for achieving these goals include education, control of the hospital formulary, written justification forms and automatic stop orders, ongoing utilization review, restriction, required consultation, control of labora...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnostic approach to the compromised host with CNS infection depends on an analysis of the patient's clinical manifestations of CNS disease, the acuteness or subacuteness of the clinical presentation, and an analysis of the type of immune defect compromising the patient's host defenses. Most patients with CNS in...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70160-4
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellulitis is a common clinical diagnosis in the outpatient and inpatient setting; studies have demonstrated a surprisingly high misdiagnosis rate: nearly one-third of cases are other conditions (ie, pseudocellulitis). This high rate of misdiagnosis is thought to contribute to nearly $515 million in avoidable health c...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2020.10.001
更新日期：2021-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The number of species that comprise the family of Bartonellaceae, genus Bartonella, has recently increased from one to 11 species, five of which have been associated with different diseases and syndromes in humans. The rapidly growing number of human pathogens has led several investigators to regard bartonellosis and ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70215-4
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of meningococcal disease is at an historic low in the United States, but prevention remains a priority because of the devastating outcomes and risk for outbreaks. Available vaccines are recommended routinely for persons at increased risk for disease to protect against all major serogroups of Neisseria me...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2015.08.002
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The returning traveler with fever presents a diagnostic challenge for the health care provider. When evaluating such a patient, the highest priority should be given to diseases that are potentially fatal or may represent public health threats. A good history is paramount and needs to include destination, time and dura...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2007.08.005
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with hematologic malignancy or those who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation experience variable degrees of immunosuppression, dependent on underlying disease, therapy received, time since transplant, and complications, such as graft-versus-host disease. Vaccination is an important strategy to mit...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2019.02.007
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HIV and tropical infections affect each other mutually. HIV infection may alter the natural history of tropical infectious diseases, impede rapid diagnosis, or reduce the efficacy of antiparasitic treatment. Tropical infections may facilitate the transmission of HIV and accelerate progression from asymptomatic HIV inf...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2004.10.002
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lyme disease affects the nervous system in about 10% to 15% of infected individuals, most commonly causing lymphocytic meningitis. Cranial neuropathies, particularly facial nerve palsy, also occur frequently. Figuring prominently in the European literature, but less emphasized in the United States, is painful radiculi...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2007.12.009
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article presents a discussion of the management of vascular prosthetic infections. The emphasis is on aortic graft infections, but other peripheral graft infections are also discussed. ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
