Sequential programs of retinoic acid synthesis in the myocardial and epicardial layers of the developing avian heart.

Abstract:

:Endogenous patterns of retinoic acid (RA) signaling in avian cardiac morphogenesis were characterized by localized expression of a key RA-synthetic enzyme, RALDH2, which displayed a biphasic pattern during heart development. RALDH2 immunoreactivity was initially apparent posterior to Hensen's node of stage 5-6 embryos and subsequently in somites and unsegmented paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm overlapping atrial precursors in the cardiogenic plate of stage 9- embryos. Initial RALDH2 synthesis in the posterior myocardium coincided with activation of the AMHC1 gene, a RA-responsive marker of inflow heart segments. A wave of RALDH2 synthesis then swept the myocardium in a posterior-to-anterior direction, reaching the outflow tract by stage 13, then fading from the myocardial layer. The second phase of RALDH2 expression, initiated at stage 18 in the proepicardial organ, persisted in migratory epicardial cells that completely enveloped the heart by stage 24. Early restriction of RALDH2 expression to the posterior cardiogenic plate, overlapping RA-inducible gene activation, provides evidence for commitment of posterior avian heart segments by localized production of RA, whereas subsequent RALDH2 expression exclusively in the migratory epicardium suggests a role for the morphogen in ventricular expansion and morphogenesis of underlying myocardial tissues.

journal_name

Dev Biol

journal_title

Developmental biology

authors

Xavier-Neto J,Shapiro MD,Houghton L,Rosenthal N

doi

10.1006/dbio.1999.9588

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2000-03-01 00:00:00

pages

129-41

issue

1

eissn

0012-1606

issn

1095-564X

pii

S0012-1606(99)99588-X

journal_volume

219

pub_type

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