Abstract：
:1. Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptide hormone that affects various processes, including growth hormone and insulin release, appetite regulation, gut motility, metabolism and cancer cell proliferation. Ghrelin is produced in the stomach and in other normal and pathological cell types. It may act as an endocrine or autocrine/paracrine factor. 2. The present article reviews recent findings in the study of ghrelin and its receptor that suggest that the ghrelin gene locus may give rise to a number of functional molecules (peptides and RNA transcripts) in addition to ghrelin. 3. The ghrelin gene encodes a precursor protein, preproghrelin, from which ghrelin and other potentially active peptides are derived by alternative mRNA splicing and/or proteolytic processing. The metabolic role of the peptide obestatin, derived from the preproghrelin C-terminal region, is contentious. However, obestatin has direct effects on cell proliferation. 4. The regulation of ghrelin expression and the mechanisms through which the peptide products arise are unclear. We have recently re-examined the organization of the ghrelin gene and identified several novel exons and transcripts. One transcript, which lacks the ghrelin-coding region of preproghrelin, contains the coding sequence of obestatin. 5. Furthermore, we have identified an overlapping gene on the antisense strand of ghrelin, namely GHRLOS, which generates transcripts that may function as non-coding regulatory RNAs or code for novel, short bioactive peptides. 6. The identification of these novel ghrelin-gene related transcripts and peptides raises critical questions regarding their physiological function and their potential role in obesity, diabetes and cancer.
journal_name
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physioljournal_title
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiologyauthors
Seim I,Amorim L,Walpole C,Carter S,Chopin LK,Herington ACdoi
10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05241.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-01-01 00:00:00pages
125-31issue
1eissn
0305-1870issn
1440-1681pii
CEP5241journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The effect of indomethacin suppositories on both acute urinary colic and urinary calculus, resistant or refractory to conventional therapy with analgesics and spasmolytics was investigated. Fifty-five patients with acute urinary colic refractory to treatment with repeated injections of antispasmodics and analgesics ha...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1986.tb00337.x
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Recent data from randomized controlled dietary trials have shown blood pressure-lowering effects of foodstuffs and dietary patterns to be of practical importance for both individual and population blood pressure control. 2. The salient studies include Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trials, on comple...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03562.x
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Studies of evolutionary temperature adaptation of muscle and locomotor performance in fish are reviewed with a focus on the Antarctic fauna living at subzero temperatures. 2. Only limited data are available to compare the sustained and burst swimming kinematics and performance of Antarctic, temperate and tropical s...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02291.x
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors ameliorates human and experimental diabetic nephropathy, possibly as a result of changes in angiotensin II (AngII) and/or bradykinin concentrations. However, ACE is an indiscriminate enzyme, which hydrolyses numerous vasoactive peptides at two catalytic ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb02795.x
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Sulfur dioxide (SO(2) ) has recently been found to have various biological effects on the cardiovascular system. The present study was designed to explore the effects of SO(2) derivatives on the L-type calcium current (I (Ca, L) ) in isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. 2. A Langendorf system was used to dissoc...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05528.x
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Mechanisms underlying the generation and propagation of gastrointestinal slow wave depolarizations have long been controversial. The present review aims to collate present knowledge on this subject with specific reference to slow waves in gastric smooth muscle. 2. At present, there is strong agreement that intersti...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05331.x
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The hypothesis that adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH)-induced hypertension is a consequence of steroid-induced hyperinsulinaemia was tested using the somatostatin analogue (sandostatin, octreotide) to inhibit insulin release in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 41). 2. Octreotide (20 micrograms, twice daily) did not modify b...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01647.x
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Indices quantifying blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) variability have been recently developed and may be used to assess the contribution of the autonomic nervous system to cardiovascular fluctuations. 2. Cardiovascular variables were measured in eight conscious mice equipped with a BP telemetric device. Each...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04895.x
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The present report documents evidence suggesting that endothelin (ET) is a mediator and modulator of post-ganglionic sympathetic neuronal development. 2. Endothelin is produced by post-ganglionic neurons and by cells adjacent to these neurons. 3. Post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons express functional receptors for ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03179.x
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the basal lamina of smooth muscle cells is important in the maintenance of the 'contractile', high volume fraction of myofilaments (Vvmyo) phenotype. The mechanism by which this occurs may involve the continuous internalization of heparan sulfate by the smooth muscle cells themselves...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01411.x
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The present experiments were performed in order to study the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the altered action potential and contraction of ventricular myocardium obtained from myopathic Syrian hamster and explanted human hearts (n = 8). The hamsters included age-matched healthy hamsters (F1B; n = 18), ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03820.x
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study hypothesized that different types of anaesthesia management would result in similar postoperative sleep quality. In this prospective single-blind investigation, 219 patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery were randomized into three arms: general anaesthesia, as the control group (group C); general ana...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.12530
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anaemia is an important issue in patients undergoing haemodialysis. We aimed to identify a better dosing schedule of a fixed monthly dose of continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on haemodialysis. The CERA dosing schedule included 100 μg once monthly for 2 mo...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.12618
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The ulcerogenesis of gastric haemorrhagic damage during sepsis is unclear. The present study first proposes that gastric haemorrhagic ulcer is modulated by mucosal glutathione, histamine and oxyradicals in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in rats. The protective effects of several drugs on the ulcerogenic pa...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03241.x
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. To determine the effects of an acute oral dose of glibenclamide on blood pressure (BP), basal forearm vascular resistance (FVR) and FVR responses to the K+(ATP) channel activating vasodilator diazoxide, a placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over study was performed in eight male volunteers with non-insulin-depen...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,更正并重新发布的文章,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02199.x
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Studies using animal experimental models have suggested that the beta2-adrenoceptor is uncoupled in association with alterations in the expression of G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRK) 2/3 in heart failure. However, the functional expression of the components of this pathway in human disease has not been full...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03625.x
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Angiotensin (Ang) II plays a major role in vascular remodelling. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are involved in the tissue remodelling processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether AngII modulates TIMP-2 expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells in vivo....
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04573.x
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The currently available chemotherapeutic regimens against gastric cancer are not very effective, leading to high recurrence and poor survival. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol with potent apoptosis-inducing activity. However, the mechanism underlying its actions remains unknown. In the present study, hu...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05660.x
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. 125I-351A, a tyrosyl derivative of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor lisinopril, was used as a radioligand, and radioinhibitor binding and displacement assays have been established. 2. The in vitro potency of a range of ACE inhibitors against rat ACE was determined using the radioinhibitor binding d...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1988.tb01053.x
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pressor responses to angiotensin II injections of 29, 117 and 468 pmol/kg and infusion at 54 pmol/kg per min were compared in near-term pregnant and matched non-pregnant rabbits. The responses to noradrenaline injections of 652, 2608 and 10 432 pmol/kg and infusion at 1185 pmol/kg per min were similarly compared. ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1985.tb00911.x
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Enzymatic bioremediation is potentially a rapid method of removing environmental pesticide residues. Applications include the treatment of residues resulting from agricultural production and processing industries, such as the treatment of irrigation waters, surface-contaminated fruit and vegetables and spent dip li...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type：
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04088.x
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heart rate recovery (HRR) describes the rapid deceleration of heart rate after strenuous exercise and is an indicator of parasympathetic tone. A reduction in parasympathetic tone occurs in patients with congestive heart failure, resulting in prolonged HRR. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as pyridostigmine, can e...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.12773
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II (AII) and phenylephrine (PHE) was measured before and after 5 days of ACTH (1 mg i.m. daily) in six normal men maintained on low sodium diet (15 mmol daily). 2. ACTH caused a significant increase in systolic blood pressure of 9 mmHg. 3. There was no change in pressor respons...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb00382.x
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study demonstrates the inhibitory effect of anticholinergic drug oxybutynin on voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels in rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. Oxybutynin inhibited vascular Kv channels in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 11.51 ± 0.38 μmol/L and a Hill coefficient (n) of ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.13138
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The administration of aldosterone to adrenalectomized rats produces an increase in K+ and decrease in Na+ excretion in the urine. The relationship of the post-aldosterone to the pre-aldosterone urinary sodium and potassium excretion is termed the renal response to aldosterone. 2. The administration of L-dopa enhanc...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1979.tb00011.x
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Mast cells cultured from human peripheral blood have been used as a cell model for functional studies of human mast cells, particularly human lung mast cells. However, the beta-adrenoceptor subtype expressed by these cultured cells has not been identified. The aim of the present study was to characterize pharmacolo...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04435.x
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ventilation to one lobe of lung was reduced in anaesthetized open-chest cats and dogs to simulate the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatching of chronic lung disease. Blood flow to this lobe fell less than ventilation; thus lobar V/Q diminished. In seven cats almitrine (0.5 mg/kg + 10 micrograms/kg per min, i.v.) caus...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1986.tb00926.x
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Combined treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with AT1 receptor antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors has been shown to reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) more than monotherapy with either agent. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of chronic dual re...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03837.x
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. To assess the effect of dietary phytosterol on stroke and the lifespan of salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), we investigated the effects of the addition of phytosterol to soybean oil (phytosterol content: 0.3%) on stroke onset, lifespan following onset of stroke and overall lifespan c...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2003.03939.x
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The functional innervation of autonomic target tissues occurs early during development, at a time when both the nerves and post-synaptic target tissues are still differentiating. 2. Physiological responses appear soon after the arrival of the first fibres when uptake and release mechanisms within the nerves are alr...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03092.x
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
