Abstract:
:The combination of intoxication and criminal responsibility has been a problem field for legal theory and practice for quite some time. While it has been argued in certain contexts that intoxication reduces or denies criminal responsibility, elsewhere it has been reasoned that intoxicated offenders should be held as (or even more so) legally responsible as sober ones. But even in legal systems where the criminal responsibility of intoxicated offenders is emphasized, legal theory and practice are confronted with the challenge of converting such values into workable jurisprudence, since many intoxicated offenders naturally lack one of the key premises for responsibility for a criminal act, namely mens rea. This article compares the very different legal philosophies and practices that have evolved around the issue of intoxication and criminal responsibility in Canada and Germany. While the Canadian system has long and in a variety of ways tried to reconcile the inherent tensions between the principles of legal culpability and the intent to punish intoxicated offenders in material law, the German system has produced a set of legal tools that allow for a pragmatic and ends-oriented approach. This article concludes that the evolution and profile of these legal schemes is likely linked to the cultural status of alcohol and drinking in the respective system context.
journal_name
Eur Addict Resjournal_title
European addiction researchauthors
Fischer B,Rehm Jdoi
10.1159/000018931subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-09-01 00:00:00pages
89-101issue
3eissn
1022-6877issn
1421-9891pii
ear04089journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Opioid substitution treatment (OST) improves outcomes in opioid dependence. However, controlled drugs used in treatment may be misused or diverted, resulting in negative treatment outcomes. This review defines a framework to assess the impact of misuse and diversion. METHODS:A systematic review of publ...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000438988
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:We investigated the psychometric properties of a German translation of the 12-item Autonomy over Tobacco Scale (AUTOS) among 1,195 eighth-grade students. METHODS:Data for this study were collected as part of the fourth wave of data collection of the Smokefree Class Competition intervention in the Saxon...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000334410
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates whether antismoking peer pressure and/or nonsmoking peers are protective factors and decrease young adults' likelihood to smoke. An experiment was conducted among 59 daily-smoking young adults aged 16-24 years. The experiment consisted of four conditions. During the session, the confederate and...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000330318
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The aim of this paper is to illustrate how Switzerland was able to play such a pioneering role in the field of addiction treatment, in creating a drug policy that includes the medical prescription of diacetylmorphine (heroin). The paper will also describe the role of knowledge brokering processes and coalition bui...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000357234
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Spain, detoxification in general hospitals plays an important role in the medical care of patients. We aim to provide clinicians with information on the prevalence and correlates of psychiatric co-morbidity in drug abusers in detoxification. A sample of 115 substance-abuse inpatients (mean age 31.9 +/- 6.4 years) i...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000104881
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It has been determined that cannabis has adverse effects on brain tissue, and that increased S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) blood levels are markers of neuronal damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the S100B levels in cannabis use disorder. METHOD:Thirty-two patients with cannabi...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000442046
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In 2003, Denmark lowered its tax on spirits, and in 2004, Sweden increased its traveller import quotas. AIM:The aim of the study was to determine whether these two changes increased self-reported alcohol consumption in southern Sweden, which is located near Denmark. METHOD:Data were collected through telep...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000314358
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate the change of psychological distress measured by the symptom checklist in alcohol dependent inpatients during treatment and at follow-up. In addition, psychological distress as a predictive variable for abstinence or relapse during a 1-year follow-up was investigated. In a sample ...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000090424
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Personality disorders (PD) are related to negative outcome in substance abuse treatment, and in the general population, personality disorders are related to negative outcome in overall functioning. Little is known about the impact of PD on adjustment following substance abuse treatment. METHODS:A cohort of ...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000173006
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the use of some subscales of the psychiatric symptom checklist SCL-90-R in predicting relapse within a 1-year follow-up period after a combined detoxification- and abstinence-focused day patient psychotherapy program in 20 men and 13 women with alcohol dependence. Scores of the SCL-90-R subscales interperson...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000066131
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The community reinforcement approach (CRA) with vouchers is a well-established program developed for the treatment of cocaine addiction. It involves an incentive program in which patients earn vouchers that can be exchanged for goods or services contingent upon abstinence from cocaine use. AIM:To examine th...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000324848
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In France, during the 1990s, there have been some rapid developments in the treatment of opioid addiction with the introduction of legal substitution agents. Originally, some patients were treated with morphine sulfate, but this was superseded by high dose buprenorphine (Subutex(R)) and methadone. This resulted in tho...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000052035
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of studies point at platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity being reduced in alcoholics with a family history of drinking, this being a possible vulnerability marker for alcoholism. To test this hypothesis, we examined a group of recently detoxified alcoholics with high (n = 25) and low genetic loading for ...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000019011
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Methylphenidate (MPH) has been the most commonly used intravenous (i.v.) substance in Iceland in recent years. In Iceland, MPH is available in 3 forms: immediate-release (IR) tablets (MPH IR, short-acting), sustainable-release (SR) capsules (MPH SR, long-acting) and osmotic-release (OROS) tablets (MPH O...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000446428
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is increasing interest in naltrexone, an opiate antagonist, in the treatment of opiate addicts. The effects of naltrexone are often compromised by a lack of compliance and drop-out. The effects of this compound are probably more favorable when combined with a psychosocial intervention such as the Commu...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000068808
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the glutamate receptor subunit-7 (GluR7, GRIK 3) rs6691840 (Ser310Ala, T928G) in the pathogenesis of alcohol dependence (AD). METHODS:DNA was provided from AD patients (n = 209) and healthy control subjects (n = 308) all of Polish descent. The history of alcoholism...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000341714
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This longitudinal study of 600 families concentrates on the influence of parental anti-smoking socialization by examining both (a) the effects of eight indicators of anti-smoking socialization on adolescent smoking and (b) the influence of parental smoking on the effectiveness of their anti-smoking socialization. Robu...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000088580
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary source for evaluating treatment outcome in alcoholism is usually verbal self-report. Because the validity of self-report is often doubted, more objective markers for treatment outcome are needed. In this study, we compared self-report data from 238 male alcohol-dependent patients participating in a combine...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000018972
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The issue of leptin as a putative state marker of alcohol use and its role in craving has been raised in the last few years. Recently, a strong GABA-ergic modulation of leptin was postulated. The aim of the pilot study was to examine leptin levels in correlation with the strongly GABA-mimetic active substance clom...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000331017
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:There is a high prevalence of smoking among heavy drinkers, which is often forgotten even though it has important health consequences. AIM:To evaluate the effects that providing an intensive tobacco cessation treatment simultaneously with alcohol dependence treatment versus delayed treatment (first alcoho...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000321256
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent alcohol-specific parenting practices relate to adolescents' alcohol use, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems, and whether these associations are moderated by socioeconomic status (SES), i.e. parents' education level and family income. The present data we...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000110408
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol and illicit drug use has a significant impact on global health. Alcohol consumption is increasing worldwide, particularly in developing countries and countries in transition, leading to an increasing number of health and social problems, both acute and chronic. Illicit drug use is also increasing, particularly...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000050727
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Evaluation of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) as a screen for identifying sexual and physical assault histories. METHOD:The sensitivity and specificity of the ASI assault items were examined in 146 alcoholic patients with the assault questions of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview posttrauma...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000050740
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Besides numerous advantages and commodities offered by smartphones, there are obvious unhealthy effects. The global trend of an increase in the frequency of usage of smartphones, that is, prolonged screen time, is closely related to problematic smartphone use. The aim of our study was to measure the level of...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000506738
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixty-one percent (138/226) of Swiss inpatient and outpatient alcohol treatment programmes responded to a postal survey designed to assess the definition and acceptance of controlled drinking (CD) as a treatment objective, the degree to which a client's severity of dependence and finality of CD as an outcome goal were...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000210041
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data were collected on 1,074 opiate detoxifications conducted with lofexidine, from 40 drug dependency units in the United Kingdom. 671 patients (62.5%) attempted a detoxification in the community, with the remainder attempting an inpatient detoxification. Patients completing the detoxification started on a mean dose ...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000018962
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of the study was to examine the practicability and implementation efficacy of an alcohol outpatient detoxification model and the concomitant 'motivational' psychotherapeutic approach. METHOD:This was an open prospective study to examine the implementation efficacy, practicability and medical safety ...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000079840
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:To determine whether there is a dose-response relationship between maternal dose of buprenorphine at delivery and neonatal outcomes. METHODS:This retrospective cohort study of 155 maternal-infant dyads exposed to buprenorphine during pregnancy examines the relationship between maternal dose of buprenor...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000441220
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To explore previously unreported rates and trends in opioid-related mortality in Israel, 2005-2014. METHODS:Data was obtained from the national database on causes of death. Drug poisoning deaths were divided into opioid-related deaths and deaths related to other drugs according to International Classification of ...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000485033
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the article the growing interest of studies on treatment systems rather than specific treatment modalities is taken as a starting point for a discussion and outlook on how the research agenda of drug treatment research will develop in the near future. The relative absence of research that provides substantial guida...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000018984
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00