Abstract:
:This study investigates whether antismoking peer pressure and/or nonsmoking peers are protective factors and decrease young adults' likelihood to smoke. An experiment was conducted among 59 daily-smoking young adults aged 16-24 years. The experiment consisted of four conditions. During the session, the confederate and participant sat in a camper van and had to do a 30-min joint music task. The participants' smoking behavior was observed during this task. The results of Poisson log-linear analysis, controlling for participants' carbon monoxide level and gender, showed that young adults smoked fewer cigarettes in the presence of a nonsmoking model pressuring the young adult not to smoke compared to a heavy-smoking model not using any pressure. At the same time, the results of Fisher's exact test indicated that the total number of cigarettes smoked did not differ significantly for nonsmoking peers verbally pressuring the young adult not to smoke compared to nonsmoking peers not verbally pressuring the young adult. Our findings indicate that the protective effect of peer influence merely lies in that the peer does not smoke. Therefore, antismoking programs and policy should focus specifically on reducing exposure to smoking peers.
journal_name
Eur Addict Resjournal_title
European addiction researchauthors
Harakeh Z,Vollebergh WAdoi
10.1159/000330318subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-01-01 00:00:00pages
316-20issue
6eissn
1022-6877issn
1421-9891pii
000330318journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::The impact on the motivation to treatment of a qualified alcohol withdrawal programme was evaluated in a pre/post setting. Over a period of 2 years we compared the results of replacing the last week of an inpatient setting by day-clinic treatment. In the first year, 202 patients were treated in a 3-week inpatient sett...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000050717
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the article the growing interest of studies on treatment systems rather than specific treatment modalities is taken as a starting point for a discussion and outlook on how the research agenda of drug treatment research will develop in the near future. The relative absence of research that provides substantial guida...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000018984
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The community reinforcement approach (CRA) with vouchers is a well-established program developed for the treatment of cocaine addiction. It involves an incentive program in which patients earn vouchers that can be exchanged for goods or services contingent upon abstinence from cocaine use. AIM:To examine th...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000324848
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol and illicit drug use has a significant impact on global health. Alcohol consumption is increasing worldwide, particularly in developing countries and countries in transition, leading to an increasing number of health and social problems, both acute and chronic. Illicit drug use is also increasing, particularly...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000050727
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data were collected on 1,074 opiate detoxifications conducted with lofexidine, from 40 drug dependency units in the United Kingdom. 671 patients (62.5%) attempted a detoxification in the community, with the remainder attempting an inpatient detoxification. Patients completing the detoxification started on a mean dose ...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000018962
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a long-recognized association between alcohol consumption and aggressive behavior. This study was designed to examine aggression in a group of socially well-adapted recovered alcoholics (RA). The question addressed was whether the treatment, together with long-term abstinence from alcohol, could reduce aggres...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000097938
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Qualitative studies find that men and women in Russia have different preferences for alcoholic beverages, but quantitative evidence for gender differences in beverage type choice remains scarce. The purpose of this article is to test numerically whether and to what extent men and women in Russia differ in terms of...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000342313
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000314358
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Evaluation of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) as a screen for identifying sexual and physical assault histories. METHOD:The sensitivity and specificity of the ASI assault items were examined in 146 alcoholic patients with the assault questions of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview posttrauma...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000050740
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate drug use among secondary schoolchildren aged 14-18 years in the city of Szeged in Hungary in order to observe and describe drug use, smoking and alcohol intake and to find risk factors for these behaviours. METHODS:The questionnaire was concerned with recreational drug use, smoking and drinkin...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000081415
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixty-one percent (138/226) of Swiss inpatient and outpatient alcohol treatment programmes responded to a postal survey designed to assess the definition and acceptance of controlled drinking (CD) as a treatment objective, the degree to which a client's severity of dependence and finality of CD as an outcome goal were...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000210041
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Opioid substitution treatment (OST) improves outcomes in opioid dependence. However, controlled drugs used in treatment may be misused or diverted, resulting in negative treatment outcomes. This review defines a framework to assess the impact of misuse and diversion. METHODS:A systematic review of publ...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000438988
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate the change of psychological distress measured by the symptom checklist in alcohol dependent inpatients during treatment and at follow-up. In addition, psychological distress as a predictive variable for abstinence or relapse during a 1-year follow-up was investigated. In a sample ...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000090424
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alcohol use among medical specialists remains a delicate topic. However, the number of prevalence studies remains very limited in Western European countries. AIMS:To explore alcohol use and hazardous drinking among male and female medical specialists. METHODS:All medical specialists in Belgium--a typical W...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000341993
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Quality of life (QOL) of patients in opioid substitution treatment (OST) is increasingly being addressed in research. However, no disease- or treatment-specific instrument is available to assess the QOL of this target population. The purpose of this project was to develop the first QOL instrument for OST pat...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000484239
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary source for evaluating treatment outcome in alcoholism is usually verbal self-report. Because the validity of self-report is often doubted, more objective markers for treatment outcome are needed. In this study, we compared self-report data from 238 male alcohol-dependent patients participating in a combine...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000018972
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:There is a scarcity of clinical trials on psychological treatments for concurrent borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance use disorder (SUD). Mentalization-based treatment (MBT) have shown efficacy in several trials on BPD. The aim of the present study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness o...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000485564
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The aim of this paper is to illustrate how Switzerland was able to play such a pioneering role in the field of addiction treatment, in creating a drug policy that includes the medical prescription of diacetylmorphine (heroin). The paper will also describe the role of knowledge brokering processes and coalition bui...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000357234
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of alcohol-dependent patients was primarily focused on inpatient settings in the past decades. The efficacy of these treatment programs has been evaluated in several studies and proven to be sufficient. However, with regard to the increasing costs in public healthcare systems, questions about alternative tre...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000085548
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Two forms of institutionalized pressure to treatment can be distinguished in Switzerland: civil commitment and court referral. In court referral, the referred patient has the right to refuse treatment. OBJECTIVES:To compare court referrals for inpatient treatment to voluntary therapy. METHODS:Comparison of...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000052058
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To explore previously unreported rates and trends in opioid-related mortality in Israel, 2005-2014. METHODS:Data was obtained from the national database on causes of death. Drug poisoning deaths were divided into opioid-related deaths and deaths related to other drugs according to International Classification of ...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000485033
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, the effectiveness of the treatment program developed by Proyecto Hombre ('Project Mankind') in Asturias, Spain, is evaluated. In a long-term follow-up (range from 73 days to 8 years) with a sample of 249 subjects, the results obtained by subjects completing the treatment (194) were compared with pre-tre...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000049484
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The study presents data about age of onset of alcohol, cigarette and cannabis use and investigates the association between age of onset and later drug use patterns. METHODS:Using a sample from a cross-sectional multi-site study, personal interviews were conducted with 3,503 individuals aged 12-49 years. Las...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000083038
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It has been determined that cannabis has adverse effects on brain tissue, and that increased S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) blood levels are markers of neuronal damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the S100B levels in cannabis use disorder. METHOD:Thirty-two patients with cannabi...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000442046
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-occurs with substance use disorders (SUD) and is associated with early onset and more severe development of SUD and with reduced treatment effectiveness. Screening tools allow for a good recognition of possible ADHD in adults with SUD and should be used ro...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000487767
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of the community-based Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) Study are described along with a detailed account of the overall design, special design features, sample characteristics and instruments used. The EDSP employed a prospective-longitudinal design to study substance use and other ...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000052043
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Personality disorders (PD) are related to negative outcome in substance abuse treatment, and in the general population, personality disorders are related to negative outcome in overall functioning. Little is known about the impact of PD on adjustment following substance abuse treatment. METHODS:A cohort of ...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000173006
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) is a popular drug of abuse which is easily available over the internet. Following a UK classification change to a class C drug in January 2010, internet supply has become difficult. Some of the effects have resulted in sourcing GBL from industrial solvents. We report a case of a 24-year-old man w...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000324343
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the glutamate receptor subunit-7 (GluR7, GRIK 3) rs6691840 (Ser310Ala, T928G) in the pathogenesis of alcohol dependence (AD). METHODS:DNA was provided from AD patients (n = 209) and healthy control subjects (n = 308) all of Polish descent. The history of alcoholism...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000341714
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This longitudinal study of 600 families concentrates on the influence of parental anti-smoking socialization by examining both (a) the effects of eight indicators of anti-smoking socialization on adolescent smoking and (b) the influence of parental smoking on the effectiveness of their anti-smoking socialization. Robu...
journal_title:European addiction research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000088580
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00