Abstract:
:Loss of wild-type p53 activity is thought to be a major predictor of failure to respond to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in various human cancers. This assumption is largely based on some cell-death studies in p53-knockout mice and on correlations of p53 status assessed by immunochemistry or single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, and responses to therapy in human cancers in vivo. In principle, p53 may enhance chemosensitivity by promoting apoptosis via transcription-independent mechanisms as well as transcriptional activation of proapoptotic genes such as bax and transcriptional repression of antiapoptotic genes such as bcl-2. Drug-induced suicide mediated by the CD95/CD95 ligand system may also involve a p53-controlled pathway. Yet, p53 may decrease chemosensitivity by promoting p21-mediated and p21-independent growth arrest, DNA repair, and differentiation, and by enhancing the transcription of antiapoptotic genes such as bcl-x. Cell-culture work indicates that the effects of altering the p53 status on chemosensitivity depend very much on the cellular context. Disruption of p53 function in otherwise normal, nonneoplastic cells may enhance rather than decrease chemosensitivity. However, targeted p53 gene disruption in some cell types obtained from p53-knockout mice results in enhanced rather than decreased sensitivity, e.g., to irradiation. Transformed cells that have retained wild-type p53 function tend to acquire chemoresistance when p53 function is disabled, with few exceptions. Thus, preexisting molecular alterations or consecutive accumulation of molecular alterations after loss of p53 rather than the loss of wild-type p53 activity per se may confer chemoresistence to tumor cells. Moreover, p53 accumulation resulting from the increased half-life of mutant p53 proteins can act as a gain-of-function mutation, presumably as a consequence of multiple protein-protein interactions. Finally, significant tumor cell-type- and drug-specific patterns of modulation of chemosensitivity by p53 are beginning to emerge. Transfer of wild-type p53 genes into tumor cells commonly induces growth arrest but may render these cells relatively more resistant to most chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, careful experimental in vitro and in vivo studies are required before chemotherapy-supported p53 gene therapy for human cancer is introduced into clinical practice.
journal_name
Cell Tissue Resjournal_title
Cell and tissue researchauthors
Weller Mdoi
10.1007/s004410051072subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-06-01 00:00:00pages
435-45issue
3eissn
0302-766Xissn
1432-0878journal_volume
292pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The effects of light and dark on photoreceptors of the brackish-water polychaete annelid Nereis limnicola were studied by electron microscopy. Animals dark-adapted for one or two days exhibited well-formed straight microvilli (rhabdomeres) on the sensory cell processes. Continuous illumination of worms for one or two ...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00225427
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates the relationship between pituitary LHRH responsiveness and the depletion of LH in pubertal rats. The anterior pituitaries of 7-week-old rats of both sexes were stimulated for a maximum of 24 h with either a continuous, or pulsatile exposure to LHRH in vitro. Immunohistochemical examination reve...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00218057
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroblastoma, a malignancy of the developing peripheral nervous system that affects infants and young children, is a complex genetic disease. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made toward understanding the genetic determinants that predispose to this often lethal childhood cancer. Approximately...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00441-018-2820-3
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is an endogenous stimulant of intestinal propulsive reflexes. It exerts its effects partly through 5-HT4 receptors; 5-HT4 receptor agonists that are stimulants of intestinal transit are in clinical use. Both pharmacological and recent immunohistochemical studies indicate that 5-HT4 receptors...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-006-0181-9
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of cells comprising biological structures represents fundamental information in basic anatomy, development, aging, drug tests, pathology and genetic manipulations. Obtaining unbiased estimates of cell numbers, however, was until recently possible only through stereological techniques, which require specific...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-015-2127-6
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the atherosclerotic plaque, smooth muscle cells (SMC) acquire an inflammatory phenotype. Resistin and fractalkine (CX3CL1) are found in human atheroma and not in normal arteries. CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 are predominately associated with SMC. We have questioned whether resistin has a role in the expression of CX3CL1 and C...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-012-1510-9
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrastructural studies of pancreatic islets have suggested that crinophagy provides a possible mechanism for intracellular degradation of insulin in the insulin-producing B-cells. In the present study, a quantitative estimation of crinophagy in mouse pancreatic islets was attempted by morphometric analysis of lysosom...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00213820
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily comprises a group of non-selective cation channels that have been implicated in both receptor and store-operated channel functions. The family of the classical TRPs (TRPCs) consists of seven members (TRPC1-7). The presence of TRPC1 and TRPC5 mRNA in the brain has prev...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-005-0004-4
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The surface ultrastructure of Kupffer cells in the rat liver has been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that Kupffer cells are both significantly different and clearly distinct from endothelial cells. Kupffer cells have neither pores (and/or "sieve plates") nor fenestrations, all o...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00223015
更新日期:1975-12-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00215777
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The formylpeptide receptor (FPR), previously found only on polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages, responds to both synthetic N-formyl oligopeptides and those produced by bacteria. The cDNA for human FPR has been cloned and a rabbit polyclonal antiserum directed against a synthetic 11-amino-acid peptid...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004410051042
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The H-Tx rat has fetal-onset hydrocephalus associated with closure of the cerebral aqueduct and a reduction in the secretory cells of the subcommissural organ (SCO), a circumventricular organ situated in the dorsal wall of the cerebral aqueduct. The objective of this study was to determine the role of the SCO in hydro...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-003-0843-9
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stellate cells in the rabbit adenohypophysis were observed electron microscopically under normal and experimental conditions such as lactation, thyroidectomy, adrenalectomy, or castration. In control animals stellate cells had a scanty cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus and possessed slender processes extending between...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00234784
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that immunoneutralization of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in the chick embryo significantly reduces programmed cell death (PCD) in peripheral neurons, spinal cord, and retina. In order to validate these results we have begun to analyze PCD in mice with targeted ablations of the T...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-003-0761-x
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The posterior rhombencephalic tela choroidea of the bullfrog was examined by electron microscopy. This membrane, the pia-ependymal roof of the caudal hindbrain, contains a large central region characterized by cuboidal ependymal cells which surround sizable microscopic apertures -- the interependymal pores. Ultrastruc...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00220439
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the intestine of the filtering zooids of B. schlosseri three segments can be distinguished. In the intermediate segment the epithelium, which is encrusted by the ampullae of the pyloric gland, shows marked aspects of alteration. In the proximal and distal segments, ciliated mucous, vacuolated and endocrine-like cel...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00219771
更新日期:1977-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Biocytin, recently introduced in neuroanatomical studies, was used as a retrograde tract tracer in combination with immunofluorescence in order to analyse the neurochemical characters of some central neuronal projections to the pars intermedia in two amphibian species, the anuran Rana esculenta and the urodele Trituru...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004410050754
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A striking feature of vestibular hair cells is the polarized arrangement of their stereocilia as the basis for their directional sensitivity. In mammals, each of the vestibular end organs is characterized by a distinct distribution of these polarized cells. We utilized the technique of post-fixation transganglionic ne...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-010-0944-1
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scanning electrom microscopy of the ventricular surface of the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum of the frog Rana temporaria shows that it can be divided in (1) a dorsolateral area, characterized by the presence of very numerous large, solid, bulbous protrusions (2) a medial area, where the large bulbous structures...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231997
更新日期:1975-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::In cattle, the oviduct plays a major role in the reproductive process; however, molecular control of oviduct receptivity to the embryo is poorly understood. A model for receptivity based on size of the pre-ovulatory follicle (POF) was used to compare oviductal morphology, cellular proliferation, and candidate transcri...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-017-2666-0
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurointermediate lobes from adult or 10-day-old rats were implanted by a stereotaxic procedure into the third ventricle of adult male rats, in an area close to the paraventricular nucleus. They were examined, using immunocytochemical and ultrastructural techniques, at times ranging from 1 week to 8 months. All grafts...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00224123
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The burrower bug Scaptocoris castanea is an important soybean and pasture pest in Brazil, with an underground habit feeding directly on the sap of the roots. Underground habit hinders control and knowledge of the biology and physiology of this pest. This study describes the anatomy, histology, ultrastructure and symbi...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-020-03197-7
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brains and subesophageal ganglia from day 3.5 fifth stadium larvae of Manduca sexta were incubated in vitro with 4 nM tritiated ponasterone A, a 20-hydroxyecdysone analog, to determine whether uptake and specific binding of ecdysteroids occur at a cellular level. These tissues, which were taken just prior to the commi...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00318414
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complex physiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract must permanently be adjusted according to the composition of ingested food, which requires continuous monitoring by appropriate sensory systems. Sensing the dietary constituents is thought to be mediated by chemosensory cells residing in the mucosa of the GI tr...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-011-1137-2
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The comparatively simple Caenorhabditis elegans intestine fulfills many of the complex functions of the mammalian digestive tract, liver, and fat tissues, while also having roles in pathogen defense, immunity, and longevity. In this review, we describe the structure of the C. elegans gut and how it develops from the e...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00441-019-03036-4
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of aquaporin-5 (AQP5) expression during postnatal development has not been defined in the sweat gland. Previous studies have suggested that AQP isoforms in several peripheral targets are regulated by a neural mechanism. We have examined, in rat sweat glands, the expression of AQP5 during postnatal develo...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-007-0399-1
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The otoliths of embryos and young animals of the lizard Podarcis s. sicula were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Two types of crystal that give different X-ray diffraction patterns were found in the membranous labyrinth of Podarcis. The crystals consist of calcite or aragonite and are eas...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00210342
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cerebral ganglia of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis contain two clusters of neurosecretory Caudo-Dorsal Cells (CDC). These cells produce a neurohormone which stimulates ovulation. Ganglion transplantation and quantitative electron microscopy show that neuronal isolation of the cerebral ganglia complex (CCC)...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00219720
更新日期:1976-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::The ultrastructure of the dermal papulae of a starfish (Asterias rubens) is consistent with a respiratory function. The present study has shown no regions specialized for excretory mechanisms. The papulae consist of an outer ectodermal epithelium of sensory, support and gland cells and a small basiepithelial nerve ple...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00229616
更新日期:1978-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::The hydrozoan medusa Aglantha digitale (Müller 1776) has eight syncytical giant motor axons, up to 40 micrometers in diameter, running from the margin, up the inside of the bell towards the apex. Giant motor axons injected with Lucifer Yellow CH are connected with lateral neurons running circumferentially across the s...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01258491
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00