Abstract：
:The mechanism of focal demyelination in multiple sclerosis has been a long-standing enigma of this disorder. Cytokines, a diverse family of signalling molecules, are viewed as potential mediators of the process based on clinical observations and studies with animal models and tissue/cell culture systems. Myelin and oligodendrocyte (OL) destruction occur in cultured preparations subjected to cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and lymphotoxin (LT). Many studies have shown these and other cytokines to be elevated at lesion sites and in the CSF of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, with similar findings in animal models. Some variability in the nature of MS lesion formation has been reported, both OLs and myelin being primary targets. To account for myelin destruction in the presence of apparently functional OLs we hypothesize that cytokines such as TNF alpha and LT alpha contribute to myelin damage through triggering of specific reactions within the myelin sheath. We further propose that neutral sphingomyelinase (SMase) is one such enzyme, two forms of which have been detected in purified myelin. An additional event is accumulation of cholesterol ester, apparently a downstream consequence of cytokine-induced SMase. The resulting lipid changes are viewed as potentially destabilizing to myelin, which may render it more vulnerable to attack by invading and resident phagocytes.
journal_name
Neurochem Resjournal_title
Neurochemical researchauthors
Ledeen RW,Chakraborty Gdoi
10.1023/a:1022493013904subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-03-01 00:00:00pages
277-89issue
3eissn
0364-3190issn
1573-6903journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The mutual interactions and the effects of GABA on the saturable transport components of taurine and hypotaurine were investigated with mouse brain slices. The low-affinity taurine transport was competitively inhibited by both hypotaurine and GABA. Hypotaurine did not alter the kinetic parameters of high-affinity taur...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00964995
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroprotective effects of metformin have been increasingly recognized in both diabetic and non-diabetic conditions. Thus far, no information has been available on the potential beneficial effects of metformin on peripheral nerve regeneration in diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to investigate such a p...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-015-1803-y
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study of separate and combined actions of cobra venom (CV) and a new hypothalamic proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) isolated from magnocellular cells (NPV and NSO) on intoxication- and trauma-induced neuronal injury (during 3-4 weeks after hemisection with and without PRP treatment) was carried out. The registration of...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1012353005489
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypoxia is one of the major common components of vascular risk factors for pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. This study investigated the possible relationship between hypoxia and alternative splicing of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in a transgenic model for Alzheimer's disease. We used an APP23 m...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-007-9540-5
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of carbachol (CCh) on the frequency (f) of the miniature endplate potentials were tested at temperatures between 5 and 30 degrees C. Higher CCh concentrations, 1 x 10(-5) and 5 x 10(-6) M, reduced the f to 60% and the temperature dependence was negligible. However, an inverse temperature dependence was fou...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1012372115058
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined changes in neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptor binding in the brains of C57BL/6 mice in response to different levels of high-fat diets via three dietary intervention methods: high-fat diet, switching from high- to low-fat diet and finally, energy restricted high-fat diet. Forty-five C57Bl/6 male mice ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-008-9661-5
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The particulars regarding the amine precursor therapy for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and their neurochemical background are described historically. Furthermore, peculiar or artificial amino acids which are metabolized into the brain amine or their derivatives and promised their clinical application are al...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02529142
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A synthetic peptide corresponding to the first 28 amino acids of the Alzheimer disease amyloid beta/A4 peptide (3.2 kDa) aggregated to a high molecular weight (15 kDa) on SDS/urea polyacrylamide gels. Proteinase K, V8 protease, trypsin, and endopeptidase Lys-C readily degraded the aggregate. By contrast, when digested...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00974579
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an experimentally induced autoallergic demyelinating disease which is caused by immunization with a particular neuroantigen, such as myelin basic protein (MBP). Results have suggested that protease inhibitors might be useful therapeutically. Leupeptin (acetyl-L-leucyl-L...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00964667
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies showed that the up-regulation of glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) participates in the acquisition of brain ischemic tolerance induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning or ceftriaxone pretreatment in rats. To explore whether GLT-1 plays a role in the acquisition of brain ischemic tolerance induc...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-011-0639-3
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An in vitro procedure for labeling of RNA in the excised rat nodose ganglion was used to evaluate the changes in incorporation of [3H]uridine into ganglionic RNA following transection of the abdominal vagus nerves. Significant increases in the incorporation into 28S, 18S and 4S RNA were observed at 1 day after injury,...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00965726
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The spelling of the author Tommaso Ianniti was incorrect and has been corrected as Tommaso Iannitti. The original article has been corrected. ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi：10.1007/s11064-018-2468-0
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) are considered ideal candidate stem cells for cell-based therapy. In this study, we assessed whether hAMSCs transplantation promotes neurological functional recovery in rats after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). In addition, the potential mechanisms underlyin...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-016-1987-9
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) was purified 746-fold with a 21% recovery from bovine brain by autolysis, fractional precipitation with acetone, carboxy-methyl-Sephadex chromatography, affinity chromatography on a cystamine containing column and gel filtration chromatography. The purified cathepsin B eluted on gel filtratio...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00965209
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study examined (a) whether there is sex difference in spinal cord and plasma oxidative stress profiles in Dark Agouti rats immunised for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the principal experimental model of multiple sclerosis, and (b) whether there is correlation between the oxidative stress in spin...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-016-2094-7
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The search for neuronotrophic factors addressing CNS neurons requires CNS neuronal cell cultures to quantitate putative effects on neuronal survival. Investigation of neurons dissociated from several embryonic CNS tissues have shown that their short-term survival requires supplementation of the culture medium with eit...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00973276
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was undertaken to evaluate whether chemical hypoxia-induced cell injury is a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, ATP depletion, mitochondrial permeability transition, and an increase in intracellular Ca2+, in A172 cells, a human glioma cell line. Chemical hypoxia was induced by incubating ce...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1024280429036
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:McGill-R-Thy1-APP rats express the human amyloid precursor protein carrying the Swedish and Indiana mutations. We examined the neurochemical content of the dorsal hippocampus in three-months-old male and female transgenic rats and healthy age- and gender-matched controls using in vivo (1)H MRS in order to assess early...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-013-1222-x
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Role of the orexinergic system in pain modulation is well studied and involvement of the spinal orexin-1 receptors is well documented. In this study, we examined role of the spinal orexin-2 receptors in modulation of inflammatory pain in rat. Fifty-one adult male Wistar rats were implanted unilaterally with a guide ca...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-019-02749-w
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kv1.3 is a voltage gated potassium channel that has been implicated in pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study we investigated temporal and cellular expression pattern of this channel in the lumbar part of spinal cords of animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), animal mod...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-018-2509-8
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ecto-nucleotidases play a pivotal role in terminating the signalling via ATP and in producing adenosine, a neuromodulator in the nervous system. We have now investigated the pattern of adenosine formation with different concentrations of extracellular ATP in rat hippocampal nerve terminals. It was found that adenosine...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1012392719601
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CNTF (ciliary neurotrophic factor) has been suggested to be an important survival factor for oligodendrocytes; however, this effect is inconsistently obtained and myelination appears normal in CNTF null animals. On the other hand, CNTF stimulates astrocytes to produce growth and trophic factors. Therefore, we tested t...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-006-9151-6
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in genes for Alzheimer's disease (AD) result in a modulating of gene expressions in the brains of patients with AD. The aim of this study was to identify genes whose expression is modulated due to the over-expression of human mutant presenilin-2 (N141I) (hPS2m) in transgenic mice, which has previously been p...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-005-6787-6
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroglycan C (NGC) is a transmembrane-type chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that promotes neurite outgrowth. To identify the ligand of NGC, we applied a detergent-solubilized membrane fraction of fetal rat brains to an NGC-immobilized affinity column. Several proteins were eluted from the column including an 18 kDa-b...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-010-0164-9
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence that brain glutamatergic activity is pathologically elevated in bipolar disorder suggests that mood stabilizers are therapeutic in the disease in part by downregulating glutamatergic activity. Such activity can involve the second messenger, arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n - 6). We tested this hypothesis with rega...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-008-9700-2
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondrially bound brain hexokinase is solubilized by anesthetics and this effect has been suggested to contribute to anesthesia. In the present investigation the influence of the metabolic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG) was studied. An isolated rat brain preparation was used to avoid the contribution of perip...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00965526
更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein kinase A (PKA) plays a crucial role in tau hyperphosphorylation, an early event of Alzheimer disease (AD), and 17beta-estradiol replacement in aging women forestalls the onset of AD. However, the role of estradiol in PKA-induced tau hyperphosphorylation is not known. Here, we investigated the effect of 17beta-...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-008-9638-4
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Somatostatin contents of striatum, hippocampus, and pons medulla have been followed in two inbred strains of mice (C57B1/6J and Balb/cJ) with aging and long term alcohol exposure (over a 25 month period of intoxication). Marked strain dependent differences in basic levels of somatostatin and genotypic variations in re...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00965332
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The oxidation of pyruvate is mediated by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC; EC 1.2.4.1, EC 2.3.1.12 and EC 1.6.4.3) whose catalytic activity is influenced by phosphorylation and by product inhibition. 2-Oxoglutarate and 3-hydroxybutyrate are readily utilized by brain mitochondria and inhibit pyruvate oxidation....
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00970527
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The release of labeled norepinephrine from preloaded synaptosomes requires the presence of potassium and calcium. ATP-dependent binding of calcium to synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) may provide a means of maintaining the cation in a readily available pool for the triggering of transmitter release. A high Ca-binding ca...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00965106
更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
