Abstract：
:Seasonal breeders, such as sheep and hamsters, by virtue of their annual cycles of reproduction, represent valuable models for the study of plasticity in the adult mammalian neuroendocrine brain. A major factor responsible for the occurrence of seasonal reproductive transitions is a striking change in the responsiveness of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to the inhibitory effects of gonadal steroids. However, the neural circuitry mediating these seasonal changes is still relatively unexplored. In this article, we review recent findings that have begun to define that circuitry and its plasticity in a well-studied seasonal breeder, the ewe. Tract tracing studies and immunocytochemical analyses using Fos and FRAs as markers of activation point to a subset of neuroendocrine GnRH neurons in the MBH as potential mediators of pulsatile GnRH secretion. Because the vast majority of GnRH neurons lack estrogen receptors, seasonal changes in responsiveness to estradiol are most probably conveyed by afferents. Two possible mediators of this influence are dopaminergic cells in the A14/A15 cell groups of the hypothalamus, and estrogen receptor-containing cells in the arcuate nucleus that project to the median eminence. The importance of GnRH afferents in the regulation of season breeding is underscored by observations of seasonal changes in the density of synaptic inputs onto GnRH neurons. Thyroid hormones may participate in this remodeling, because they are important in seasonal reproduction, influence the morphology of other brain systems, and thyroid hormone receptors are expressed within GnRH neurons. Finally, in the hamster, neonatal hypothyroidism affects the number of caudally placed GnRH neurons in the adult brain, suggesting that thyroid hormones may influence development of the GnRH system as well as its reproductive functions in the adult brain.
journal_name
Brain Res Bulljournal_title
Brain research bulletinauthors
Lehman MN,Goodman RL,Karsch FJ,Jackson GL,Berriman SJ,Jansen HTdoi
10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00225-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-01-01 00:00:00pages
445-57issue
4eissn
0361-9230issn
1873-2747pii
S0361-9230(97)00225-6journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Evidence concerning the presence or absence of common neuronglia lineages in the postnatal mammalian central nervous system is still a matter of speculation. We address this problem using optic nerve explants, which show an extremely long survival in culture. Morphological, immunocytochemical and immunochemical method...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(91)90255-i
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journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2011-08-10 00:00:00
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更新日期：2000-11-15 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.08.004
更新日期：2006-12-11 00:00:00
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更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：1998-11-15 00:00:00
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更新日期：2008-03-18 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
