Competition between noggin and bone morphogenetic protein 4 activities may regulate dorsalization during Xenopus development.

abstract：:A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) shape second-messenger signaling responses by constraining protein kinase A (PKA) at precise intracellular locations. A defining feature of AKAPs is a helical region that binds to regulatory subunits (RII) of PKA. Mining patient-derived databases has identified 42 nonsynonymous SNPs...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith FD,Omar MH,Nygren PJ,Soughayer J,Hoshi N,Lau HT,Snyder CG,Branon TC,Ghosh D,Langeberg LK,Ting AY,Santana LF,Ong SE,Navedo MF,Scott JD

更新日期：2018-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The basidiomycete Ustilago maydis is the causative agent of the disease corn smut. To be pathogenic, strains of U. maydis must be heterozygous for a locus called "b," which appears to control both pathogenicity and sexual development. Two alleles of the b locus of U. maydis were isolated by complementation and hybridi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kronstad JW,Leong SA

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When rat pancreatic polynucleosomes were poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated with purified calf thymus poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and examined by electron microscopy, a relaxation of their native zigzag structure was observed. At high ionic strengths control nucleosomes condensed into 250-A-thick fibers, but poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Poirier GG,de Murcia G,Jongstra-Bilen J,Niedergang C,Mandel P

更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although neural circuits mediating various simple behaviors have been delineated, those generating more complex behaviors are less well described. The discrete structure of avian song control nuclei promises that circuits controlling complex behaviors, such as birdsong, can also be understood. To this end, we develope...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mooney R,Konishi M

更新日期：1991-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Homeostasis of intravascular volume, Na(+), Cl(-), and K(+) is interdependent and determined by the coordinated activities of structurally diverse mediators in the distal nephron and the distal colon. The behavior of these flux pathways is regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; however, the mechanisms ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ring AM,Cheng SX,Leng Q,Kahle KT,Rinehart J,Lalioti MD,Volkman HM,Wilson FH,Hebert SC,Lifton RP

更新日期：2007-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Concentrations and isotopic compositions of ethane and propane in cold, deeply buried sediments from the southeastern Pacific are best explained by microbial production of these gases in situ. Reduction of acetate to ethane provides one feasible mechanism. Propane is enriched in (13)C relative to ethane. The amount is...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hinrichs KU,Hayes JM,Bach W,Spivack AJ,Hmelo LR,Holm NG,Johnson CG,Sylva SP

更新日期：2006-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The glycoprotein I complex, consisting of two polypeptides of Mr 210,000 and 150,000, was isolated from human platelet membranes by wheat germ lectin affinity chromatography. Glycocalicin, a soluble loosely bound membrane glycoprotein of Mr 150,000 related to the glycoprotein I system, was also purified. The isolated ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nachman RL,Kinoshita T,Ferris B

更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The configurations of the hydrocarbon chains in micelles are severely constrained by the space-filling requirements of the chain segments, by the continuity of the chains, and by the micellar geometry. A statistical theory that takes full account of these constraints is developed by using a lattice model. The chain en...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dill KA,Flory PJ

更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tightly coupled nature of the reaction sequence catalyzed by monoterpene cyclases has precluded direct observation of the topologically required isomerization step leading from geranyl pyrophosphate to the presumptive, enzyme-bound, tertiary allylic intermediate linalyl pyrophosphate, which ultimately cyclizes to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wheeler CJ,Croteau RB

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intramembrane proteolysis is a new paradigm in biology that controls signaling events throughout evolution. Hydrolysis of peptide bonds is thought to occur within the normally hydrophobic membrane environment, but insights into this unusual activity have been lacking because of difficulty in recapitulating activity in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Urban S,Wolfe MS

更新日期：2005-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Metallothionein (MT) has several putative roles in metal detoxification, in Zn and Cu homeostasis, in scavenging free radicals, and in the acute phase response. Mice of mixed 129/Ola and C57BL/6J background with targeted disruption of MT-I and MT-II genes are more sensitive to toxic metals and oxidative stress. We not...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beattie JH,Wood AM,Newman AM,Bremner I,Choo KH,Michalska AE,Duncan JS,Trayhurn P

更新日期：1998-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A biologically active vitamin D(3) metabolite ("peak V metabolite") more polar than 25-hydroxycholecalciferol has been isolated from chicken intestines in pure form as a mono(trimethylsilyl)ether derivative. The molecule has been identified as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol by means of mass spectrometry, ultraviolet ab...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holick MF,Schnoes HK,DeLuca HF

更新日期：1971-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The functional significance of the portal vascular link between the beta cells of the pancreatic islets and the liver has not been established. Previous studies indicated that insulin does not acutely regulate glucose metabolism by a direct hepatic effect. More recent observations suggest that the role of insulin in r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Griffen SC,Russell SM,Katz LS,Nicoll CS

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cryptochromes are blue-light receptors mediating various light responses in plants and animals. The photochemical mechanism of cryptochromes is not well understood. It has been proposed that photoactivation of cryptochromes involves the blue-light-dependent photoreduction of flavin adenine dinucleotide via the electro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li X,Wang Q,Yu X,Liu H,Yang H,Zhao C,Liu X,Tan C,Klejnot J,Zhong D,Lin C

更新日期：2011-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Invasive potentials of carcinomas greatly contribute to their metastasis, which is a major threat in most cancers. We have recently shown that Arf6 plays a pivotal role in breast cancer invasive activities and identified AMAP1 as an effector of GTP-Arf6 in invasion. Expression of AMAP1 correlates well with invasive ph...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hashimoto S,Hirose M,Hashimoto A,Morishige M,Yamada A,Hosaka H,Akagi K,Ogawa E,Oneyama C,Agatsuma T,Okada M,Kobayashi H,Wada H,Nakano H,Ikegami T,Nakagawa A,Sabe H

更新日期：2006-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Construction of deletion derivative plasmids and cloning of restriction fragments from plasmids containing the Salmonella typhimurium origin of replication (ori) were used to locate the functional origin to within a DNA fragment of 296 base pairs between the genes uncB and asn. The nucleotide sequence of the S. typhim...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zyskind JW,Smith DW

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rat liver glutamine synthetase (s(20,w) 15.0 S; MW about 352,000) resembles ovine brain glutamine synthetase in that it (a) has 8 subunits, (b) acts on both L- and D-glutamate and certain glutamate analogs (e.g., beta-glutamate, cis-cycloglutamate, and alpha-methyl-L-glutamate), and (c) is irreversibly inhibited by L-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tate SS,Meister A

更新日期：1971-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms by which the extracellular domain of Notch1 controls Notch1 signaling are not well defined. Here, we show that the O-fucose glycan in the Notch1 ligand-binding domain regulates the strength of Notch1 signaling during embryogenesis, postweaning growth, and T cell development in the mouse. Heterozygotes carry...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ge C,Stanley P

更新日期：2008-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesenteric fat is known to undergo inflammatory changes after 2,4,6,-trinitrobenzensulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Neurotensin (NT) and neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) have been shown to play a major role in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation. This led us to explore whether NT and NTR1 are expressed in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Koon HW,Kim YS,Xu H,Kumar A,Zhao D,Karagiannides I,Dobner PR,Pothoulakis C

更新日期：2009-05-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Enkephalins, a group of small peptides with opiate-like activity, have been defined originally as neuropeptides. Recent reports showed, using in situ hybridization, that the enkephalin-encoding gene, proenkephalin A (pEnkA), is expressed in nondifferentiated cells of diverse mesodermal lineages. The transient expressi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rosen H,Polakiewicz RD,Benzakine S,Bar-Shavit Z

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The araCBAD regulatory region of Escherichia coli contains two divergently oriented promoters and three sites to which AraC, the regulatory protein of the operon, can bind. This paper presents the results of in vivo dimethyl sulfate "footprinting" experiments to monitor occupancy of the three AraC sites and measuremen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huo L,Martin KJ,Schleif R

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used expression cloning in Xenopus oocytes to isolate two different cDNAs encoding functional N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits. The two receptors (NMDA-R1A and -R1B) display different pharmacologic properties as a consequence of alternative exon addition within the putative ligand-binding domain. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakanishi N,Axel R,Shneider NA

更新日期：1992-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The POU-IV or "Brn-3" class of POU-domain transcription factors is represented in Drosophila by I-POU and twin-of-I-POU, alternative splice products of the I-POU gene. I-POU has been previously reported to inhibit DNA binding by the POU-III class factor drifter/Cf1a via the formation of heterodimeric complexes. Here w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Turner EE

更新日期：1996-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombinant plasmids containing mutant or wild-type adenovirus serotype 2 EIa genes that produce the 12S mRNA alone, the 13S mRNA alone, or both mRNAs were cotransfected into HeLa cells with plasmids containing the viral EIIa or EIII transcription units. The amount of RNA produced from the EIIa and EIII promoters was ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leff T,Elkaim R,Goding CR,Jalinot P,Sassone-Corsi P,Perricaudet M,Kédinger C,Chambon P

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To identify genetic factors that interact with social environments to impact human health, we used a bioinformatic strategy that couples expression array-based detection of environmentally responsive transcription factors with in silico discovery of regulatory polymorphisms to predict genetic loci that modulate transc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cole SW,Arevalo JM,Takahashi R,Sloan EK,Lutgendorf SK,Sood AK,Sheridan JF,Seeman TE

更新日期：2010-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Filipin, digitonin, and saponin react with membrane cholesterol to produce unique membrane alterations (sterol-specific complexes) that are easily discernible in freeze-fracture replicas. We have treated both noninnervated and innervated Xenopus embryonic muscle cells in culture with these agents. Freeze-fracture of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bridgman PC,Nakajima Y

更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously, we showed using a computational agent-based model that a group of animals moving together can make a collective decision on direction of motion, even if there is a conflict between the directional preferences of two small subgroups of "informed" individuals and the remaining "uninformed" individuals have n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leonard NE,Shen T,Nabet B,Scardovi L,Couzin ID,Levin SA

更新日期：2012-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Interfacial zones between tissues provide specialized, transitional junctions central to normal tissue function. Regenerative medicine strategies focused on multiple cell types and/or bi/tri-layered scaffolds do not provide continuously graded interfaces, severely limiting the integration and biological performance of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Phillips JE,Burns KL,Le Doux JM,Guldberg RE,García AJ

更新日期：2008-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The assembly of clathrin-coated vesicles on Golgi membranes is initiated by the GTP-binding protein ADP ribosylation factor (ARF), which generates high-affinity membrane-binding sites for the heterotetrameric AP-1 adaptor complex. Once bound, the AP-1 recruits clathrin triskelia, which polymerize to form the coat. We ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhu Y,Drake MT,Kornfeld S

更新日期：1999-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The binding of killer cell Ig-like Receptors (KIR) to their Class I MHC ligands was shown previously to be characterized by extremely rapid association and dissociation rate constants. During experiments to investigate the biochemistry of receptor-ligand binding in more detail, the kinetic parameters of the interactio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Valés-Gómez M,Erskine RA,Deacon MP,Strominger JL,Reyburn HT

更新日期：2001-02-13 00:00:00