Abstract:
:The DC and DX subregions of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been cloned from a cosmid library made from a human B-cell line, Priess. The DC subregion, 48 kilobases, includes the DC alpha and DC beta genes. A second DC-like region, the DX subregion, 35 kilobases, contains the DX alpha gene and a newly found beta gene termed DX beta. Since the DC and DX genes are highly homologous in nucleotide sequence, gene size, exon-intron organization, and direction of transcription, the DC and DX subregions were presumably generated by duplication of an ancestral alpha-beta gene pair. Nucleotide sequencing indicates that all four genes have intact coding sequences and promoter regions. Homology between the upstream promoter sequences of these four genes and seven other class II genes at nucleotides -69 to -78 and -98 to -110 highlights these previously described conserved elements. Moreover, a striking conservation of flanking alpha-gene-specific and beta-gene-specific sequences has been observed. Comparison of Southern blots of Priess DNA with DC alpha and DC beta cDNA probes with isolated cosmid clones showed that (i) the human chromosome encodes only two DC alpha-related and two DC beta-related genes, namely, DC alpha, DX alpha, DC beta, and DX beta, and (ii) the DC and DX subregions are homozygous in Priess cells.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Okada K,Boss JM,Prentice H,Spies T,Mengler R,Auffray C,Lillie J,Grossberger D,Strominger JLdoi
10.1073/pnas.82.10.3410subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-05-01 00:00:00pages
3410-4issue
10eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
82pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I multimer technology has become an indispensable immunological assay system to dissect antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell responses by flow cytometry. However, the development of high-throughput assay systems, in which T cell responses against a multitude of epitopes...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0709717105
更新日期:2008-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of 45Ca2+-loaded GH3 pituitary cells with various concentrations of digitonin revealed discrete pools (I and II) of cellular 45Ca2+ defined by differing detergent sensitivities. Markers for cytosol and intracellular organelles indicated that the two 45Ca2+ pools were correlated with the two major cellular Ca...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.20.6294
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The question was addressed whether the risk of cancer of an individual in a heterogeneous population can be predicted on the basis of measurable biochemical and biological variables postulated to be associated with the process of chemical carcinogenesis. Using the skin tumor model with outbred male NMRI mice, the late...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.13.5900
更新日期:1995-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::Although mathematical models and laboratory experiments have shown that species interactions can generate chaos, field evidence of chaos in natural ecosystems is rare. We report on a pristine rocky intertidal community located in one of the world's oldest marine reserves that has displayed a complex cyclic succession ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1421968112
更新日期:2015-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::The MoxR family of AAA+ ATPases is widespread throughout bacteria and archaea but remains poorly characterized. We recently found that the Escherichia coli MoxR protein, RavA (Regulatory ATPase variant A), tightly interacts with the inducible lysine decarboxylase, LdcI/CadA, to form a unique cage-like structure. Here,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1009092107
更新日期:2010-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::Hox genes are located in highly conserved clusters. The significance of this organization is unclear, but one possibility is that regulatory regions for individual genes are dispersed throughout the cluster and shared with other Hox genes. This hypothesis is supported by studies on several Hox genes in which even larg...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.6.2426
更新日期:1996-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::Decision-makers increasingly seek scientific guidance on investing in nature, but biodiversity remains difficult to estimate across diverse landscapes. Here, we develop empirically based models for quantifying biodiversity across space. We focus on agricultural lands in the tropical forest biome, wherein lies the grea...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1604981113
更新日期:2016-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::A polar lipid containing about 20 per cent of the lipid soluble inositol has been purified from cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This compound labeled with (3)H-inositol, (32)P(i), or (14)C glucose was isolated from aqueous pyridine extracts by means of paper chromatography. Unlabeled compound was obtained by a diff...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.64.3.1042
更新日期:1969-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myosin V is an unconventional myosin proposed to be processive on actin filaments, analogous to kinesin on a microtubule [Mehta, A. D., et al. (1999) Nature (London) 400, 590-593]. To ascertain the unique properties of myosin V that permit processivity, we undertook a detailed kinetic analysis of the myosin V motor. W...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13726
更新日期:1999-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::In skeletal muscle, dihydropyridine receptors are functionally coupled to ryanodine receptors of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in triadic or diadic junctional complexes. In cardiac muscle direct physical or functional couplings have not been demonstrated. We have tested the hypothesis of functional coupling of L-type Ca2...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.1.121
更新日期:1995-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the effect of the cholinergic agonist carbachol on the spontaneous release of glutamate in cultured rat hippocampal cells. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) through glutamatergic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type channels were recorded by means of ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.12224
更新日期:1997-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Apicomplexan parasites replicate within a protective organelle, called the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). The Toxoplasma gondii PV is filled with a network of tubulated membranes, which are thought to facilitate trafficking of effectors and nutrients. Despite being critical to parasite virulence, there is scant mechani...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1816161116
更新日期:2019-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::Cumulative distributions of the number of doublings undergone by mixed megakaryocytic/erythroblastic colonies and by pure megakaryocytic colonies were determined from plasma clot cultures of bone marrow (from C57BL/6 mice) supplemented with erythropoietin. Analysis of these distributions suggests that these colonies a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.14.4410
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been recent experimental support for efficiency wage theories of the labor market. This short paper initiates the larger process of evaluating the boundary conditions of the gift- exchange phenomenon. In particular, we will see whether behavior consistent with the fair wage-effort hypothesis can emerge and b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.152449999
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prions are mammalian proteins (PrPs) with a unique pathogenic property: a nonendogenous isoform PrP(Sc) can catalyze conversion of the endogenous PrP(C) isoform into additional PrP(Sc). In this work, we demonstrate that PrP(C) helix 1 has certain properties (hydrophilicity, charge distribution) that make it unique amo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.20.11293
更新日期:1999-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::Summertime Arctic shipboard observations of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) such as organic acids, key precursors of climatically active secondary organic aerosol (SOA), are consistent with a novel source of OVOCs to the marine boundary layer via chemistry at the sea surface microlayer. Although this sou...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1620571114
更新日期:2017-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrogen atoms constitute about half of all atoms in proteins and play a critical role in enzyme mechanisms and macromolecular and solvent structure. Hydrogen atom positions can readily be determined by neutron diffraction, and as such, neutron diffraction is an invaluable tool for elucidating molecular mechanisms. Jo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0807842106
更新日期:2009-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of selected heme analogues on heme oxygenase activity in tissues and on human and rabbit bone marrow hematopoietic colony growth were examined. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) and zinc mesoporphyrin (ZnMP), at concentrations ranging between 1 and 20 microM, produced significant inhibition of human and rabbit bo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.4.1432
更新日期:1997-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::N6-Cyclohexyl[3H]adenosine ([3H]CHA) and 1,3-diethyl-8-[3H]phenylxanthine ([3H]DPX) to bind to adenosine receptors in brain membranes. The agonist [3H]CHA has high affinity in both bovine and guinea pig brain (Kd, 0.7 nM and 6 nM, respectively). [3H]CHA binding kinetics are slow (dissociation t1/2;60 min); binding is ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.9.5547
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::"Functional connectivity" techniques are commonplace tools for studying brain organization. A critical element of these analyses is to distinguish variance due to neurobiological signals from variance due to nonneurobiological signals. Multiecho fMRI techniques are a promising means for making such distinctions based ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1720985115
更新日期:2018-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::HeLa cells grown in the presence of [methyl-3H]thymidine contained large amounts of 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (HMdU) in their DNA. When the cells were grown in [6-3H]thymidine and their DNA was labeled to the same specific activity, no HMdU was present. When such [6-3H]thymidine-labeled cells were exposed to inc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.2.318
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zfp57 is a maternal-zygotic effect gene that maintains genomic imprinting. Here we report that Zfp57 mutants exhibited a variety of cardiac defects including atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), thin myocardium, and reduced trabeculation. Zfp57 maternal-zygotic mutant embryos displayed more sev...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1415541112
更新日期:2015-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the growing interest in collective phenomena such as "swarm intelligence" and "wisdom of the crowds," little is known about the mechanisms underlying decision-making in vertebrate animal groups. How do animals use the behavior of others to make more accurate decisions, especially when it is not possible to ide...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0710344105
更新日期:2008-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::Two related oncogenes, TCL-1 and MTCP-1, are overexpressed in T cell prolymphocytic leukemias as a result of chromosomal rearrangements that involve the translocation of one T cell receptor gene to either chromosome 14q32 or Xq28. The crystal structure of human recombinant MTCP-1 protein has been determined at 2.0 A r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.7.3413
更新日期:1998-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::The nuclear receptor Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter-Transcription Factor II (COUP-TFII) is an important coordinator of glucose homeostasis through its function in different organs such as the endocrine pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. Recently we have demonstrated that COUP-TFII expression in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1219262110
更新日期:2013-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) undergo self-renewal divisions to support spermatogenesis throughout life. Although several positive regulators of SSC self-renewal have been discovered, little is known about the negative regulators. Here, we report that F-box and WD-40 domain protein 7 (FBXW7), a component of the Skp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1401837111
更新日期:2014-06-17 00:00:00
abstract::Although the unifying hallmark of prion diseases is CNS neurodegeneration caused by conformational corruption of host prion protein (PrP) to its infective counterpart, contagious transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) results from shedding of prions produced at high titers in the periphery of diseased cervids. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1903947116
更新日期:2019-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::In biological processes, such as fission, fusion and trafficking, it has been shown that lipids of different shapes are sorted into regions with different membrane curvatures. This lipid sorting has been hypothesized to be due to the coupling between the membrane curvature and the lipid's spontaneous curvature, which ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0907354106
更新日期:2009-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::Whole-cell DNA preparations isolated from SC-1 cells chronically infected with N- or B-tropic murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) were tested for infectious activity in an Fv-1n (NIH-3T3) and two Fv-Ib (C57BL/6 and SV-A31) cell cultures. Efficiency of transfection for all DNAs was better in the NIH-3T3 cells than in C57BL/...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.3.1451
更新日期:1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria have evolved the ability to produce a wide range of structurally complex natural products historically called "secondary" metabolites. Although some of these compounds have been identified as bacterial communication cues, more frequently natural products are scrutinized for antibiotic activities that are rele...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1414272112
更新日期:2015-03-10 00:00:00