Digital logic for soft devices.

abstract：:Diabetes is now the most common cause of progressive kidney failure leading to dialysis or transplantation. The central pathological feature of diabetic nephropathy is accumulation of extracellular matrix within the glomeruli. The factors in the diabetic milieu responsible for extracellular matrix accumulation are not...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamamoto T,Nakamura T,Noble NA,Ruoslahti E,Border WA

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fluorescent probes acridine orange and oxonol-V were used as indicators of pH gradients (DeltapH) and membrane potential differences (DeltaPsi), respectively, in membrane vesicles believed to be derived from the tonoplast of Beta vulgaris L. Low concentrations of nitrate (1-5 mM) caused a partial dissipation of bo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blumwald E,Poole RJ

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA interference (RNAi) is triggered in eukaryotic organisms by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and it destroys any mRNA that has sequence identity with the dsRNA trigger. The RNAi pathway in Anopheles gambiae can be silenced by transfecting cells with dsRNA derived from exon sequence of the A. gambiae Argonaute2 (AgAgo2...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Keene KM,Foy BD,Sanchez-Vargas I,Beaty BJ,Blair CD,Olson KE

更新日期：2004-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The intracellular activation of trypsinogen, which is both pH- and calcium-dependent, is an important early step in the development of acute pancreatitis. The cellular compartment in which trypsinogen activation occurs currently is unknown. We therefore investigated the site of intracellular trypsinogen activation by ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sherwood MW,Prior IA,Voronina SG,Barrow SL,Woodsmith JD,Gerasimenko OV,Petersen OH,Tepikin AV

更新日期：2007-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the promise of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy against cancer, challenges associated with low objective response rates and severe systemic side effects still remain and limit its clinical applications. Here, we described a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP)-mediated ICB therapy integrated with microneedles...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen G,Chen Z,Wen D,Wang Z,Li H,Zeng Y,Dotti G,Wirz RE,Gu Z

更新日期：2020-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The C-terminal 179-aa region of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) TATA-binding protein (TBP), phylogenetically conserved and sufficient for many functions, formed crystals diffracting to 1.7-A resolution. The structure of the protein, determined by molecular replacement with coordinates from Arabidopsis TBP and refined...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chasman DI,Flaherty KM,Sharp PA,Kornberg RD

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms controlling the transcription of gene sets in specific regions of a plant embryo shortly after fertilization remain unknown. Previously, we showed that G564 mRNA, encoding a protein of unknown function, accumulates to high levels in the giant suspensor of both Scarlet Runner Bean (SRB) and Common Bean e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Henry KF,Bui AQ,Kawashima T,Goldberg RB

更新日期：2018-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibodies provide effective antiviral immunity despite the fact that viruses escape into cells when they infect. Here we show that antibodies remain attached to viruses after cell infection and mediate an intracellular immune response that disables virions in the cytosol. We have discovered that cells possess a cytos...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mallery DL,McEwan WA,Bidgood SR,Towers GJ,Johnson CM,James LC

更新日期：2010-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary surfactant contains two hydrophobic polypeptides, SP-B and SP-C, with known amino acid sequences and with truncated subforms lacking the N-terminal residues. Treatment of SP-C with KOH releases fatty acids (palmitic acid to more than 85%) in molar ratios of 1.8-2.0 relative to the polypeptide. Furthermore, p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Curstedt T,Johansson J,Persson P,Eklund A,Robertson B,Löwenadler B,Jörnvall H

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For the emergence of early life, the formation of biopolymers such as RNA is essential. However, the addition of nucleotide monomers to existing oligonucleotides requires millimolar concentrations. Even in such optimistic settings, no polymerization of RNA longer than about 20 bases could be demonstrated. How then cou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mast CB,Schink S,Gerland U,Braun D

更新日期：2013-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhesus monkeys were immunized by multiple inoculations with purified, disrupted, noninfectious simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in adjuvant. Immunized monkeys developed anti-SIV antibodies detectable by whole-virus ELISA and by immunoblot reactivity; these antibodies had weak neutralizing activity. One week after t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Desrosiers RC,Wyand MS,Kodama T,Ringler DJ,Arthur LO,Sehgal PK,Letvin NL,King NW,Daniel MD

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We demonstrate the successful fabrication on CaF2 substrates of FeSe(1-x)Tex films with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, including the region of 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4, which is well known to be the "phase-separation region," via pulsed laser deposition that is a thermodynamically nonequilibrium method. In the resulting films, we observe a giant en...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Imai Y,Sawada Y,Nabeshima F,Maeda A

更新日期：2015-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemoresistance of cisplatin therapy is related to extensive repair of cisplatin-modified DNA in the nucleus by the nucleotide excision repair (NER). Delivering cisplatin to the mitochondria to attack mitochondrial genome lacking NER machinery can lead to a rationally designed therapy for metastatic, chemoresistant ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marrache S,Pathak RK,Dhar S

更新日期：2014-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The regional structure of fibrinogen was considered in reference to the terminal plasmin-cleavage fragments, D and E. By two independent approaches, a yield of two D and two E fragments was determined and this established the presence of two D and two E regions in each fibrinogen molecule. Immunochemically, it was sho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Plow EF,Edgington TS

更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA and protein in the rat central nervous system is documented. Blot-hybridization analysis showed an abundance of NGF mRNA in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and olfactory bulb. Enzyme immunoassay confirmed significant levels of a NGF-like protein in the hippocampus and c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Whittemore SR,Ebendal T,Lärkfors L,Olson L,Seiger A,Strömberg I,Persson H

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Streptococcus pneumoniae cause considerable morbidity and mortality, with persistent neurological sequelae, particularly in young children and the elderly. It is widely assumed that carriage occurs through direct mucosal colonization from the environment whereas meningitis results from invasion from the blood. However...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Ginkel FW,McGhee JR,Watt JM,Campos-Torres A,Parish LA,Briles DE

更新日期：2003-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Stroke is a major cause of serious disability due to the brain's limited capacity to regenerate damaged tissue and neuronal circuits. After ischemic injury, a multiphasic degenerative and inflammatory response is coupled with severely restricted vascular and neuronal repair, resulting in permanent functional deficits....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rust R,Grönnert L,Gantner C,Enzler A,Mulders G,Weber RZ,Siewert A,Limasale YDP,Meinhardt A,Maurer MA,Sartori AM,Hofer AS,Werner C,Schwab ME

更新日期：2019-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The detection, stabilization, and repair of stress-induced damage are essential requirements for cellular life. All cells respond to osmotic stress-induced water loss with increased expression of genes that mediate accumulation of organic osmolytes, solutes that function as chemical chaperones and restore osmotic home...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lamitina T,Huang CG,Strange K

更新日期：2006-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Replication and transcription of viral RNA genomes rely on host-donated proteins. Qbeta virus infects Escherichia coli and replicates and transcribes its own genomic RNA by Qbeta replicase. Qbeta replicase requires the virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (beta-subunit), and the host-donated translational elonga...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takeshita D,Tomita K

更新日期：2010-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to intercept uncooperative targets is key to many diverse flight behaviors, from courtship to predation. Previous research has looked for simple geometric rules describing the attack trajectories of animals, but the underlying feedback laws have remained obscure. Here, we use GPS loggers and onboard video ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brighton CH,Thomas ALR,Taylor GK

更新日期：2017-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:We report substantially improved performance of high-power quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) by using epitaxial-side-down mounting that provides superior heat dissipation properties. We used aluminum nitride as the heatsink material and gold-tin eutectic solder. We have obtained continuous wave power output of 450 mW at 2...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsekoun A,Go R,Pushkarsky M,Razeghi M,Patel CK

更新日期：2006-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of ion balance in spermatozoa has been shown to be essential for sperm motility and fertility. Control of intracellular ion levels requires the function of distinct ion-transport mechanisms at the cell plasma membrane. Active Na(+) and K(+) exchange in sperm is under the control of the Na,K-ATPase. Two mole...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jimenez T,McDermott JP,Sánchez G,Blanco G

更新日期：2011-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the fundamental events in metamorphosis in insects is the replacement of larval tissues by imaginal tissues. Shortly after pupariation the imaginal discs evaginate to assume their positions at the surface of the prepupal animal. This is a very precise process that is only beginning to be understood. In Drosophi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Martin-Blanco E,Pastor-Pareja JC,Garcia-Bellido A

更新日期：2000-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigmentation patterning has long interested biologists, integrating topics in ecology, development, genetics, and physiology. Wild-type neonatal larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, are completely black. By contrast, the epidermis and head of larvae of the homozygous recessive sex-linked chocolate (sch) mutant are red...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu C,Yamamoto K,Cheng TC,Kadono-Okuda K,Narukawa J,Liu SP,Han Y,Futahashi R,Kidokoro K,Noda H,Kobayashi I,Tamura T,Ohnuma A,Banno Y,Dai FY,Xiang ZH,Goldsmith MR,Mita K,Xia QY

更新日期：2010-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Misalignment between internal circadian rhythmicity and externally imposed behavioral schedules, such as occurs in shift workers, has been implicated in elevated risk of metabolic disorders. To determine underlying mechanisms, it is essential to assess whether and how peripheral clocks are disturbed during shift work ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skene DJ,Skornyakov E,Chowdhury NR,Gajula RP,Middleton B,Satterfield BC,Porter KI,Van Dongen HPA,Gaddameedhi S

更新日期：2018-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombination in some intervals of the map of phage lambda is associated with more DNA synthesis than in other intervals. Blockage of DNA synthesis by high temperature in a host temperature-sensitive for DNA synthesis results in the relative reduction of recombinant frequencies in those regions having the larger amoun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stahl FW,McMilin KD,Stahl MM,Nozu Y

更新日期：1972-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among the most striking aspects of the movement of many animal groups are their sudden coherent changes in direction. Recent observations of locusts and starlings have shown that this directional switching is an intrinsic property of their motion. Similar direction switches are seen in self-propelled particle and othe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yates CA,Erban R,Escudero C,Couzin ID,Buhl J,Kevrekidis IG,Maini PK,Sumpter DJ

更新日期：2009-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic oligonucleotide probes can be easily obtained and used, in contrast to cDNA cloning to develop probes, and thus the present study was carried out to determine whether such probes could also be useful for in situ hybridization. A 24-base synthetic oligonucleotide complementary to part of the alpha-melanocyte-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lewis ME,Sherman TG,Burke S,Akil H,Davis LG,Arentzen R,Watson SJ

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacillus thuringiensis is a widely used bacterial entomopathogen producing insecticidal toxins, some of which are expressed in insect-resistant transgenic crops. Surprisingly, the killing mechanism of B. thuringiensis remains controversial. In particular, the importance of the septicemia induced by the host midgut mic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caccia S,Di Lelio I,La Storia A,Marinelli A,Varricchio P,Franzetti E,Banyuls N,Tettamanti G,Casartelli M,Giordana B,Ferré J,Gigliotti S,Ercolini D,Pennacchio F

更新日期：2016-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Thrombin contains electropositive patches at opposite poles of the molecule which represent potential exosites for the binding of macromolecular ligands. The function of anion-binding exosite I, the fibrin(ogen) recognition site, has been well described. Anion-binding exosite II, located near the carboxyl terminus of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sheehan JP,Sadler JE

更新日期：1994-06-07 00:00:00