Activation of trypsinogen in large endocytic vacuoles of pancreatic acinar cells.

abstract：:The degradation of the plant cell wall by glycoside hydrolases is central to environmentally sustainable industries. The major polysaccharides of the plant cell wall are cellulose and xylan, a highly decorated β-1,4-xylopyranose polymer. Glycoside hydrolases displaying multiple catalytic functions may simplify the enz...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McKee LS,Peña MJ,Rogowski A,Jackson A,Lewis RJ,York WS,Krogh KB,Viksø-Nielsen A,Skjøt M,Gilbert HJ,Marles-Wright J

更新日期：2012-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The environments we humans encounter daily are sources of exposure to diverse microbial communities, some of potential concern to human health. In this study, we used culture-independent technology to investigate the microbial composition of biofilms inside showerheads as ecological assemblages in the human indoor env...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Feazel LM,Baumgartner LK,Peterson KL,Frank DN,Harris JK,Pace NR

更新日期：2009-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Astronomers and physicists noticed centuries ago that visual spatial resolution is higher for dark than light stimuli, but the neuronal mechanisms for this perceptual asymmetry remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that the asymmetry is caused by a neuronal nonlinearity in the early visual pathway. We show that neurons ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kremkow J,Jin J,Komban SJ,Wang Y,Lashgari R,Li X,Jansen M,Zaidi Q,Alonso JM

更新日期：2014-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:We report on the design and characterization of a class of biomolecular interfaces based on derivatized poly(l-lysine)-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers adsorbed on negatively charged surfaces. As a model system, we synthesized biotin-derivatized poly(l-lysine)-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers, PLL-g-[(...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ruiz-Taylor LA,Martin TL,Zaugg FG,Witte K,Indermuhle P,Nock S,Wagner P

更新日期：2001-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:To improve the efficacy of plasminogen activators, we produced a monoclonal antibody (RWR) that inhibits human alpha 2-antiplasmin (alpha 2AP). In addition to inhibiting alpha 2AP in plasma, RWR binds to and inhibits fibrin cross-linked alpha 2AP and reproduces the "spontaneous" clot lysis that is the hallmark of huma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reed GL 3rd,Matsueda GR,Haber E

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polyploidy, the presence of more than two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism, has significantly shaped the genomes of angiosperms during evolution. Two forms of polyploidy are often considered: allopolyploidy, which originates from interspecies hybrids, and autopolyploidy, which originates from intraspecies g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu Z,Haberer G,Matthes M,Rattei T,Mayer KF,Gierl A,Torres-Ruiz RA

更新日期：2010-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:After each round of protein biosynthesis, the posttermination complex (PoTC) consisting of a ribosome, mRNA, and tRNA must be disassembled into its components for a new round of translation. Here, we show that a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model PoTC was disassembled by ATP and eukaryotic elongation factor 3 (eEF3). GTP ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kurata S,Nielsen KH,Mitchell SF,Lorsch JR,Kaji A,Kaji H

更新日期：2010-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To facilitate analysis of plant cell wall polysaccharide structure and composition, we cloned 74 genes encoding polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Neurospora crassa and expressed the genes as secreted proteins with C-terminal Myc and 6x His tags. Most of the recombin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bauer S,Vasu P,Persson S,Mort AJ,Somerville CR

更新日期：2006-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of new antimicrobial drugs is a priority to combat the increasing spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This development is especially problematic in gram-negative bacteria due to the outer membrane (OM) permeability barrier and multidrug efflux pumps. Therefore, we screened for compounds that target...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hart EM,Mitchell AM,Konovalova A,Grabowicz M,Sheng J,Han X,Rodriguez-Rivera FP,Schwaid AG,Malinverni JC,Balibar CJ,Bodea S,Si Q,Wang H,Homsher MF,Painter RE,Ogawa AK,Sutterlin H,Roemer T,Black TA,Rothman DM,Walker

更新日期：2019-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to respond selectively to particular frequency components of sensory inputs is fundamental to signal processing in the ear. The frog (Rana pipiens) sacculus, which is used for social communication and escape behaviors, is an exquisitely sensitive detector of sounds and ground-borne vibrations in the 5- to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rutherford MA,Roberts WM

更新日期：2006-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the earliest detectable events during plant-pathogen interaction is a rapid increase in ethylene biosynthesis. This gaseous plant stress hormone may be a signal for plants to activate defense mechanisms against invading pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The effect of ethylene on four plant genes i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ecker JR,Davis RW

更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anisotropic expansion of plant cells requires organized arrays of cortical microtubules. Mutations in microtubule-associated proteins and a particular mutation in alpha-tubulins were reported to cause abnormal microtubule arrays and result in helical growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the way in which these muta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ishida T,Kaneko Y,Iwano M,Hashimoto T

更新日期：2007-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously described an antigen-specific I-Ad-restricted T-cell hybridoma, A1.1, that constitutively releases an antigen-specific immunoregulatory activity into supernatants. Using retrovirally mediated gene transfer, we have found that transfer of the T-cell receptor alpha chain (TCR alpha) gene from A1.1 to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Green DR,Bissonnette R,Zheng HG,Onda T,Echeverri F,Mogil RJ,Steele JK,Voralia M,Fotedar A

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this contribution, we study situations in which nanoparticles in a fluid are strongly heated, generating high heat fluxes. This situation is relevant to experiments in which a fluid is locally heated by using selective absorption of radiation by solid particles. We first study this situation for different types of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Merabia S,Shenogin S,Joly L,Keblinski P,Barrat JL

更新日期：2009-09-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent discovery of small molecules targeting the cytochrome bc 1 :aa 3 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis triggered interest in the terminal respiratory oxidases for antituberculosis drug development. The mycobacterial cytochrome...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kalia NP,Hasenoehrl EJ,Ab Rahman NB,Koh VH,Ang MLT,Sajorda DR,Hards K,Grüber G,Alonso S,Cook GM,Berney M,Pethe K

更新日期：2017-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Compartmentalization of biomolecules within lipid membranes is a fundamental requirement of living systems and an essential feature of many pharmaceutical therapies. However, applications of membrane-enclosed solutions of proteins, DNA, and other biologically active compounds have been limited by the difficulty of for...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stachowiak JC,Richmond DL,Li TH,Liu AP,Parekh SH,Fletcher DA

更新日期：2008-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:A protein factor that participates in the formation of a covalent complex between the 80,000-dalton precursor of the adenovirus (Ad) terminal protein (pTP) and 5'-dCMP has been isolated and characterized. This 47,000-dalton protein, isolated from nuclear extracts of uninfected HeLa cells, has been designated nuclear f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nagata K,Guggenheimer RA,Enomoto T,Lichy JH,Hurwitz J

更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Impaired magnesium reabsorption in patients with TRPM6 gene mutations stresses an important role of TRPM6 (melastatin-related TRP cation channel) in epithelial magnesium transport. While attempting to isolate full-length TRPM6, we found that the human TRPM6 gene encodes multiple mRNA isoforms. Full-length TRPM6 varian...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chubanov V,Waldegger S,Mederos y Schnitzler M,Vitzthum H,Sassen MC,Seyberth HW,Konrad M,Gudermann T

更新日期：2004-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Major changes in the mRNA population of murine liver occur after administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, an agent that causes increases in the concentrations of acute-phase serum proteins. The mRNA for one of these, serum amyloid A, is increased at least 500-fold compared to the normal level. It becomes one of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morrow JF,Stearman RS,Peltzman CG,Potter DA

更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A model for the chain melting phase transition in dilute aqueous phospholipid bilayer dispersions is presented. This model includes interactions between head groups, between hydrocarbon chains, and within the chains. The head groups are modeled as hard disks which are constrained to lie on a two-dimensional surface se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jacobs RE,Hudson B,Andersen HC

更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sex is thought to facilitate accumulation of initially rare beneficial mutations by allowing simultaneous allele replacements at many loci. However, this advantage of sex depends on a restrictive assumption that the fitness of a genotype is determined by fitness potential, a single intermediate variable to which all l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kondrashov FA,Kondrashov AS

更新日期：2001-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleus accumbens is considered a critical target of the action of drugs of abuse. In this nucleus a "shell" and a "core" have been distinguished on the basis of anatomical and histochemical criteria. The present study investigated the effect in freely moving rats of intravenous cocaine, amphetamine, and morphine ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pontieri FE,Tanda G,Di Chiara G

更新日期：1995-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The pore-forming peptide amoebapore is considered part of the cytolytic armament of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. Amoebapore is composed of 77 amino acid residues arranged in four alpha-helical domains. For structure-function analysis, synthetic peptides were constructed corresponding to these four domains: H1 (re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leippe M,Andrä J,Müller-Eberhard HJ

更新日期：1994-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:There is increasing, but largely indirect, evidence pointing to an effect of commensal gut microbiota on the central nervous system (CNS). However, it is unknown whether lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus could have a direct effect on neurotransmitter receptors in the CNS in normal, healthy animals. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bravo JA,Forsythe P,Chew MV,Escaravage E,Savignac HM,Dinan TG,Bienenstock J,Cryan JF

更新日期：2011-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Emergence of antiestrogen-resistant cells in MCF-7 cells during suppression of estrogen signaling is a widely accepted model of acquired breast cancer resistance to endocrine therapy. To obtain insight into the genomic basis of endocrine therapy resistance, we characterized MCF-7 monoclonal sublines that survived 21-d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Coser KR,Wittner BS,Rosenthal NF,Collins SC,Melas A,Smith SL,Mahoney CJ,Shioda K,Isselbacher KJ,Ramaswamy S,Shioda T

更新日期：2009-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the gene-expression patterns during liver regeneration may help to reveal how regenerative processes are initiated and controlled as well as shed new light onto processes that lead to liver disease. Using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, we have examined the gene-expression program in the livers of m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Su AI,Guidotti LG,Pezacki JP,Chisari FV,Schultz PG

更新日期：2002-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:High levels of inbreeding cause populations to become composed of homozygous, inbred lines. High levels of homozygosity limit the effectiveness of recombination, and therefore, retard the rate of decay of linkage (gametic phase) disequilibrium (LD) among mutations. Inbreeding and recombination interact to shape the ex...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morrell PL,Toleno DM,Lundy KE,Clegg MT

更新日期：2005-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The candidate phylum TM7 is globally distributed and often associated with human inflammatory mucosal diseases. Despite its prevalence, the TM7 phylum remains recalcitrant to cultivation, making it one of the most enigmatic phyla known. In this study, we cultivated a TM7 phylotype (TM7x) from the human oral cavity. Th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： He X,McLean JS,Edlund A,Yooseph S,Hall AP,Liu SY,Dorrestein PC,Esquenazi E,Hunter RC,Cheng G,Nelson KE,Lux R,Shi W

更新日期：2015-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Synapsin I is a neuron-specific phosphoprotein associated with the membranes of small synaptic vesicles. Its function is not entirely clear, but evidence points to a possible role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Its biosynthesis is under developmental control. Assignment of the human synapsin I gene to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang-Feng TL,DeGennaro LJ,Francke U

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The CH family of murine B-cell lymphomas includes several members that are sensitive to growth inhibition when their membrane IgM (mIgM) receptors are cross-linked by anti-mu chain, anti-kappa chain, or anti-idiotypic antibodies. These lymphomas are IgM+, Ia+, and IgD +/- and resemble neonatal B cells in terms of thei...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alés-Martínez JE,Warner GL,Scott DW

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00