Midgut microbiota and host immunocompetence underlie Bacillus thuringiensis killing mechanism.

abstract：:Several dual route models of human speech processing have been proposed suggesting a large-scale anatomical division between cortical regions that support motor-phonological aspects vs. lexical-semantic aspects of speech processing. However, to date, there is no complete agreement on what areas subserve each route or ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fridriksson J,Yourganov G,Bonilha L,Basilakos A,Den Ouden DB,Rorden C

更新日期：2016-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Zea mays L. ssp. mays, or corn, one of the most important crops and a model for plant genetics, has a genome approximately 80% the size of the human genome. To gain global insight into the organization of its genome, we have sequenced the ends of large insert clones, yielding a cumulative length of one-eighth of the g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Messing J,Bharti AK,Karlowski WM,Gundlach H,Kim HR,Yu Y,Wei F,Fuks G,Soderlund CA,Mayer KF,Wing RA

更新日期：2004-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of ion transport in plants is essential for cell function. Abiotic stress unbalances cell ion homeostasis, and plants tend to readjust it, regulating membrane transporters and channels. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and the second messenger Ca(2+) are central in such processes, as they are involved ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Diaz M,Sanchez-Barrena MJ,Gonzalez-Rubio JM,Rodriguez L,Fernandez D,Antoni R,Yunta C,Belda-Palazon B,Gonzalez-Guzman M,Peirats-Llobet M,Menendez M,Boskovic J,Marquez JA,Rodriguez PL,Albert A

更新日期：2016-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Brief learning experience (classical conditioning) induces frequency-specific receptive-field (RF) plasticity in the auditory cortex, characterized as increased response to the frequency of the conditioned stimulus and decreased responses to most other frequencies, including the pretraining best frequency. This experi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weinberger NM,Javid R,Lepan B

更新日期：1993-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Alternative ribosome subunit proteins are prevalent in the genomes of diverse bacterial species, but their functional significance is controversial. Attempts to study microbial ribosomal heterogeneity have mostly relied on comparing wild-type strains with mutants in which subunits have been deleted, but this approach ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen YX,Xu ZY,Ge X,Sanyal S,Lu ZJ,Javid B

更新日期：2020-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed human cervicovaginal organ culture systems to examine the initiating events in HIV transmission after exposure to various sources of HIV infectivity, including semen. Newly infected cells were detected in the cervical submucosa 3-4 days after exposure to a primary HIV isolate. At earlier times, exten...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maher D,Wu X,Schacker T,Horbul J,Southern P

更新日期：2005-08-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Aging and disease processes may be due to deleterious and irreversible changes produced by free radical reactions. The enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) performs a protective function by scavenging superoxide radicals. The Cu-Zn SOD gene (Sod) cloned...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seto NO,Hayashi S,Tener GM

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Harvey and Kirsten murine sarcoma viruses each encode a structurally and functionally related 21-kilodalton protein (p21), which is the transforming protein of each virus. Using probes from the 0.9-kilobase (kb) p21-coding region of each virus (called v-Ha-ras and v-Ki-ras, respectively), we have molecularly cloned fr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang EH,Gonda MA,Ellis RW,Scolnick EM,Lowy DR

更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A method is proposed for analyzing fast (10 μs) single-molecule rotation trajectories in F1 adenosinetriphosphatase ([Formula: see text]-ATPase). This method is based on the distribution of jumps in the rotation angle that occur in the transitions during the steps between subsequent catalytic dwells. The method is com...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Volkán-Kacsó S,Le LQ,Zhu K,Su H,Marcus RA

更新日期：2019-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Causes of late Quaternary extinctions of large mammals ("megafauna") continue to be debated, especially for continental losses, because spatial and temporal patterns of extinction are poorly known. Accurate latest appearance dates (LADs) for such taxa are critical for interpreting the process of extinction. The extinc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haile J,Froese DG,Macphee RD,Roberts RG,Arnold LJ,Reyes AV,Rasmussen M,Nielsen R,Brook BW,Robinson S,Demuro M,Gilbert MT,Munch K,Austin JJ,Cooper A,Barnes I,Möller P,Willerslev E

更新日期：2009-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a simple theory that uses thermodynamic parameters to predict the probability that a protein retains the wild-type structure after one or more random amino acid substitutions. Our theory predicts that for large numbers of substitutions the probability that a protein retains its structure will decline expone...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bloom JD,Silberg JJ,Wilke CO,Drummond DA,Adami C,Arnold FH

更新日期：2005-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, i.e., gangliosides, constitute a major component of neuronal cells and are thought to be essential for brain function. UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase (Ugcg) catalyzes the initial step of glycosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthesis. To gain insight into the role of GSLs in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jennemann R,Sandhoff R,Wang S,Kiss E,Gretz N,Zuliani C,Martin-Villalba A,Jäger R,Schorle H,Kenzelmann M,Bonrouhi M,Wiegandt H,Gröne HJ

更新日期：2005-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Ancient societies are often used to illustrate the potential problems stemming from unsustainable land-use practices because the past seems rife with examples of sociopolitical "collapse" associated with the exhaustion of finite resources. Just as frequently, and typically in response to such presentations, archaeolog...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wills WH,Drake BL,Dorshow WB

更新日期：2014-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The recently discovered potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum) alpha-glucan, water dikinase (GWD) (formerly known as R1) catalyzes the phosphorylation of starch by a dikinase-type reaction mechanism in which the beta-phosphate of ATP is transferred to either the C-6 or the C-3 position of the glucosyl residue of starch. In ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mikkelsen R,Mutenda KE,Mant A,Schürmann P,Blennow A

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The brain contains an astonishing diversity of neurons, each expressing only one set of ion channels out of the billions of potential channel combinations. Simple organizing principles are required for us to make sense of this abundance of possibilities and wealth of related data. We suggest that energy minimization s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hasenstaub A,Otte S,Callaway E,Sejnowski TJ

更新日期：2010-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Injection of exogenous mRNA purified from various tissue preparations into cellular translation systems such as Xenopus oocytes has allowed expression of complex proteins (e.g., receptors for neurotransmitters). No evidence for expression of injected exogenous mRNA, however, has been reported in terminally differentia...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mochida S,Poulain B,Eisel U,Binz T,Kurazono H,Niemann H,Tauc L

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent scholarship suggests that the genomes of those around us affect our own phenotypes. Much of the empirical evidence for such "metagenomic" effects comes from animal studies, where the socio-genetic environment can be easily manipulated. Among humans, it is more difficult to identify such effects given the nonran...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sotoudeh R,Harris KM,Conley D

更新日期：2019-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:FtsZ, the ancestral homolog of eukaryotic tubulins, is a GTPase that assembles into a cytokinetic ring structure essential for cell division in prokaryotic cells. Similar to tubulin, purified FtsZ polymerizes into dynamic protofilaments in the presence of GTP; polymer assembly is accompanied by GTP hydrolysis. We used...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Margalit DN,Romberg L,Mets RB,Hebert AM,Mitchison TJ,Kirschner MW,RayChaudhuri D

更新日期：2004-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Ubiquitin E3 ligases are crucial for eliminating misfolded proteins before they form cytotoxic aggregates that threaten cell fitness and survival. However, it remains unclear how emerging misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm can be selectively recognized and eliminated by E3 ligases in plants. We found that Misfolded P...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim JH,Cho SK,Oh TR,Ryu MY,Yang SW,Kim WT

更新日期：2017-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical coding in the sympathetic nervous system involves both noradrenergic and, for a minority of neurons, cholinergic neurotransmission. The expression of the cholinergic phenotype in the developing sympathetic nervous system was examined to determine if coding for cholinergic transmission occurs before or after i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schäfer MK,Schütz B,Weihe E,Eiden LE

更新日期：1997-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori chronically infects the human gastric mucosa and is the leading risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. The molecular mechanisms of H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis remain ill defined. In this study, we examined the possibility that H. pylori directly co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Toller IM,Neelsen KJ,Steger M,Hartung ML,Hottiger MO,Stucki M,Kalali B,Gerhard M,Sartori AA,Lopes M,Müller A

更新日期：2011-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Optical recording of membrane potential permits spatially resolved measurement of electrical activity in subcellular regions of single cells, which would be inaccessible to electrodes, and imaging of spatiotemporal patterns of action potential propagation in excitable tissues, such as the brain or heart. However, the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yan P,Acker CD,Zhou WL,Lee P,Bollensdorff C,Negrean A,Lotti J,Sacconi L,Antic SD,Kohl P,Mansvelder HD,Pavone FS,Loew LM

更新日期：2012-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:In rodent models of Parkinson disease in which transplants of dissociated rodent and human embryonic mesencephalic tissue, rich in dopamine neurons, have been studied, only 5-20% of the dopamine neurons survive the implantation procedure. We have investigated the effects of inhibiting free radical generation with two ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakao N,Frodl EM,Duan WM,Widner H,Brundin P

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycan-protein interactions are emerging as important modulators of membrane protein organization and dynamics, regulating multiple cellular functions. In particular, it has been postulated that glycan-mediated interactions regulate surface residence time of glycoproteins and endocytosis. How this precisely occurs is ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Torreno-Pina JA,Castro BM,Manzo C,Buschow SI,Cambi A,Garcia-Parajo MF

更新日期：2014-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of three anti-inflammatory drugs, which interfere with arachidonic acid transformation by three different enzymes, have been compared by using a simple model of tissue damage and foreign body rejection. In groups of control rats, subcutaneously implanted polyester sponges were rejected after a mean of 12 d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Higgs GA,Mugridge KG,Moncada S,Vane JR

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sloppy paired (slp) locus consists of two genes, slp1 and slp2, both of which encode proteins containing a forkhead domain (a DNA-binding motif). Previous work has shown that a severe segmentation phenotype is obtained only when both slp genes are deleted. Here we examine the functional redundancy of the locus in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cadigan KM,Grossniklaus U,Gehring WJ

更新日期：1994-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of cytoplasm upon the expression of tumorigenicity was examined with a pair of mouse and a pair of Chinese hamster cell lines, in intraspecies cybrids formed by reciprocal fusions between either tumorigenic or nontumorigenic cells and cytoplasms derived from them. With the mouse cells, 3T3 and the simian vi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Howell AN,Sager R

更新日期：1978-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluids may store and manipulate information, enabling complex applications ranging from digital logic gates to algorithmic self-assembly. While controllable hydrodynamic chaos has previously been observed in viscous fluids and harnessed for efficient mixing, its application to the manipulation of digital information h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gilpin W

更新日期：2018-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Mineralogical processes taking place close to equilibrium, or with very slow kinetics, are difficult to quantify precisely. The determination of ultraslow dissolution/precipitation rates would reveal characteristic timing associated with these processes that are important at geological scale. We have designed an advan...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Van Driessche AE,García-Ruíz JM,Tsukamoto K,Patiño-Lopez LD,Satoh H

更新日期：2011-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental and computational simulations revealed that boron clusters, which favor planar (2D) structures up to 18 atoms, prefer 3D structures beginning at 20 atoms. Using global optimization methods, we found that the B20 neutral cluster has a double-ring tubular structure with a diameter of 5.2 A. For the B(-)20 a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kiran B,Bulusu S,Zhai HJ,Yoo S,Zeng XC,Wang LS

更新日期：2005-01-25 00:00:00