Abstract:
:Harvey and Kirsten murine sarcoma viruses each encode a structurally and functionally related 21-kilodalton protein (p21), which is the transforming protein of each virus. Using probes from the 0.9-kilobase (kb) p21-coding region of each virus (called v-Ha-ras and v-Ki-ras, respectively), we have molecularly cloned from normal human genomic DNA the sequences that hybridize to these probes. Four evolutionarily divergent restriction endonuclease fragments were isolated. Two hybridized preferentially to v-Ha-ras and were designated human c-Ha-ras1 and c-Ha-ras2; two hybridized preferentially to v-Ki-ras and were called c-Ki-ras1 and c-Ki-ras2. Human c-Ha-ras1 contained 0.9 kb of sequence homologous with v-Ha-ras interspersed with three intervening sequences; this gene was closely related to a previously cloned rat c-Ha-ras gene that also contained intervening sequences. Human c-Ha-ras2 was more divergent from v-Ha-ras and also hybridized poorly to human c-Ha-ras1. One c-Ki-ras gene contained 0.9 kb homologous to v-Ki-ras and had one intervening sequence, whereas the other contained only 0.3 kb homologous to v-Ki-ras. The results indicated that human DNA contains several copies of the c-ras family and that c-Ha-ras1 (with intervening sequences) was more highly conserved evolutionarily than was c-Ha-ras2.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Chang EH,Gonda MA,Ellis RW,Scolnick EM,Lowy DRdoi
10.1073/pnas.79.16.4848subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-08-01 00:00:00pages
4848-52issue
16eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
79pub_type
杂志文章abstract::At high altitude (HA), carbohydrate (CHO) is thought to be the preferred fuel because of its higher yield of ATP per mole of O2. We used indirect calorimetry and D-[6-3H]glucose infusions to determine total CHO and circulatory glucose utilization during exercise in HA-acclimated and sea level (SL) rats. We hypothesize...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.17.10288
更新日期:1998-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Concern for the suffering of others is central to moral decision making. How humans evaluate others' suffering, relative to their own suffering, is unknown. We investigated this question by inviting subjects to trade off profits for themselves against pain experienced either by themselves or an anonymous other person....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1073/pnas.1408988111
更新日期:2014-12-02 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacological treatments designed to reactivate fetal γ-globin can lead to an effective and successful clinical outcome in patients with hemoglobinopathies. However, new approaches remain highly desired because such treatments are not equally effective for all patients, and toxicity issues remain. We have taken a sy...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0912896107
更新日期:2010-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::Fine finger and hand movements in humans, monkeys, and rats are under the direct control of the corticospinal tract (CST). CST lesions lead to severe, long-term deficits of precision movements. We transected completely both CSTs in adult rats and treated the animals for 2 weeks with an antibody that neutralized the ce...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.111165498
更新日期:2001-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Two types of progenitor cells of the human granulocytic and monocytic lineages (CFU-GM) can be distinguished by using mouse monoclonal antibodies against human hemopoietic cells. Type 1 CFU-GM contribute all of the peripheral blood CFU-GM as well as a small fraction of bone marrow CFU-GM and express surface antigens r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.13.4114
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Met mutant of Drosophila melanogaster is highly resistant to juvenile hormone III (JH III) or its chemical analog, methoprene, an insect growth regulator. Five major mechanisms of insecticide resistance were examined in Met and susceptible Met+ flies. These two strains showed only minor differences when penetratio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.6.2072
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis, a devastating complication of tuberculosis in man, is poorly understood. We previously reported that rabbits with experimental tuberculous meningitis were protected from death by a combination of antibiotics and thalidomide therapy. Survival was associated with inhibition of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.10.5657
更新日期:1999-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::When deprived of D-glucose for 24 hr, chicken embryo fibroblasts exhibit a marked increase in hexose transport activity compared with that of control cells. Scatchard analysis of [3H]cytochalasin B binding to starved cell plasma membranes (46 pmol/mg) indicated a six-fold increase compared with fed cell plasma membran...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.7.2286
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of social attachments is a critical component of human relationships. Infants begin to bond to their caregivers from the moment of birth, and these social bonds continue to provide regulatory emotional functions throughout adulthood. It is difficult to examine the interactions between social experience a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0504767102
更新日期:2005-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::The helicity in water has been determined for several series of alanine-rich peptides that contain single lysine residues and that are N-terminally linked to a helix-inducing and reporting template termed Ac-Hel1. The helix-propagating constant for alanine (sAla value) that best fits the properties of these peptides l...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.9.4025
更新日期:1996-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a sirtuin family deacetylase that directs acetylome signaling, protects genome integrity, and is a murine tumor suppressor. We show that SIRT2 directs replication stress responses by regulating the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), a protein required for recovery from replication arres...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1301463110
更新日期:2013-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::Induction of longstanding immunologic tolerance is essential for survival of transplanted organs and tissues. Despite recent advances in immunosuppression protocols, allograft damage inflicted by antibody specific for donor organs continues to represent a major obstacle to graft survival. Here we report that activatio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1918950117
更新日期:2020-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::We have determined the packing efficiency at the protein-water interface by calculating the volumes of atoms on the protein surface and nearby water molecules in 22 crystal structures. We find that an atom on the protein surface occupies, on average, a volume approximately 7% larger than an atom of equivalent chemical...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.19.10167
更新日期:1996-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::E-Cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule, which plays a key role in maintaining the epithelial phenotype, is regarded as an invasion-suppressor gene in light of accumulating evidence from in vitro experiments and clinical observations. In an attempt to clarify the mechanism responsible for inactivation of this gene in car...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.16.7416
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin stimulates cardiac hypertrophy in response to numerous stimuli. Calcineurin activity is suppressed by association with modulatory calcineurin-interacting protein (MCIP)1DSCR1, which is up-regulated by calcineurin signaling and has been proposed to functi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0237225100
更新日期:2003-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::Precise regulation of the evolutionarily conserved hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) ensures proper adaptation to variations in oxygen availability throughout development and into adulthood. Oxygen-dependent regulation of HIF stability and activity are mediated by hydroxylation of conserved proline and aspa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.202614999
更新日期:2002-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Activator protein-1 (AP-1) is a crucial transcription factor implicated in numerous cancers. For this reason, nine homologues of the AP-1 leucine zipper region have been characterized: Fos (c-Fos, FosB, Fra1, and Fra2), Jun (c-Jun, JunB, and JunD), and semirational library-designed winning peptides FosW and JunW. The ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0509880103
更新日期:2006-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::The heterodimeric antimicrobial peptide distinctin is composed of 2 linear peptide chains of 22- and 25-aa residues that are connected by a single intermolecular S-S bond. This heterodimer has been considered to be a unique example of a previously unrecorded class of bioactive peptides. Here the 2 distinctin chains we...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0905069106
更新日期:2009-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::CD4+ T cells recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-bound peptides that are primarily obtained from extracellular sources. Endogenously synthesized proteins that readily enter the MHC class I presentation pathway are generally excluded from the MHC class II presentation pathway. We show here that en...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.16.7217
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preclinical animal models have largely ignored the immune-suppressive mechanisms that are important in human cancers. The identification and use of such models should allow better predictions of successful human responses to immunotherapy. As a model for changes induced in nonmalignant cells by cancer, we examined T-c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0901166106
更新日期:2009-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::The circadian rhythms of melatonin and body temperature are set to an earlier hour in women than in men, even when the women and men maintain nearly identical and consistent bedtimes and wake times. Moreover, women tend to wake up earlier than men and exhibit a greater preference for morning activities than men. Altho...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1010666108
更新日期:2011-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::Most humans in the United States have been infected with BK virus (BKV), a human papovavirus. Because BKV has oncogenic properties, we have investigated whether it may be a cause of human cancer. Basic principles of tumor virology imply that BKV-induced tumors should contain BKV DNA sequences. Therefore, we assayed (b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.1.454
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lizards and snakes putatively arose between the early Jurassic and late Triassic; they diversified worldwide and now occupy many different ecological niches, making them ideal for testing theories on the origin of ecological traits. We propose and test the "deep history hypothesis," which claims that differences in ec...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0501104102
更新日期:2005-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Recent years have witnessed an increased public outcry in certain quarters about a perceived lack of attention given to successful members of disadvantaged groups relative to equally meritorious members of advantaged groups, exemplified by social media campaigns centered around hashtags, such as #OscarsSoWhite and #Wo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1818545116
更新日期:2019-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Rod-like colloids distort fluid interfaces and interact by capillarity. We explore this interaction at the free surface of aligned nematic liquid crystal films. Naive comparison of capillary and elastic energies suggests that particle assembly would be determined solely by surface tension. Here, we demonstrate that, u...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1504817112
更新日期:2015-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::The structures of the major folding intermediate, the transition state for folding, and the folded state of barnase have been previously characterized. We now add a further step toward a complete picture of the folding of barnase by reporting the backbone 15N, 13C, and 1H NMR assignments for barnase unfolded at pH 1.8...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.20.9412
更新日期:1994-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Colloidal and sol-gel procedures have been used to prepare heterogeneous catalysts consisting of platinum metal particles with narrow size distributions and well defined shapes dispersed on high-surface-area silica supports. The overall procedure was developed in three stages. First, tetrahedral and cubic colloidal me...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0805691105
更新日期:2008-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::A construct, MRE-beta Geo, with five metal response elements fused to a selectable reporter gene was transfected into BHK cells and a stable clone that could be induced up to 100-fold by zinc, cadmium, bismuth, silver, cobalt, copper, mercury, or nickle was isolated. Some, and perhaps all, of these metals induce MRE-b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.4.1219
更新日期:1994-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Imaging membranes in live cells with nanometer-scale resolution promises to reveal ultrastructural dynamics of organelles that are essential for cellular functions. In this work, we identified photoswitchable membrane probes and obtained super-resolution fluorescence images of cellular membranes. We demonstrated the p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1201882109
更新日期:2012-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::The fluxes of arginine and citrulline through plasma and the rate of conversion of labeled citrulline to arginine were estimated in two pilot studies (with a total of six adult subjects) and in a dietary study with five healthy young men. These latter subjects received an L-amino acid-based diet that was arginine-rich...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.16.7749
更新日期:1993-08-15 00:00:00