Abstract:
:Injection of exogenous mRNA purified from various tissue preparations into cellular translation systems such as Xenopus oocytes has allowed expression of complex proteins (e.g., receptors for neurotransmitters). No evidence for expression of injected exogenous mRNA, however, has been reported in terminally differentiated neurons. If achieved, it would allow the study of long-lasting changes of properties of nerve cells in their functional context. To obtain evidence of such expression, we chose two proteins that produce a detectable effect even at very low intracellular concentrations. Tetanus toxin and botulinum neurotoxin fulfill this criterion, being the most potent neurotoxins known. Both toxins block neurotransmitter release at nanomolar intracellular concentrations. These di-chain proteins, consisting of a light chain and a heavy chain, have recently been sequenced. Their active sites are located (or partly located) on the light chain. mRNAs encoding the light chain of either toxin were transcribed in vitro from the cloned and specifically truncated genes of Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum, respectively, and injected into presynaptic cholinergic neurons of the buccal ganglia of Aplysia californica. Depression of neurotransmitter release appeared in less than 1 hr, demonstrating successful expression of foreign mRNA injected into a neuron in situ.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Mochida S,Poulain B,Eisel U,Binz T,Kurazono H,Niemann H,Tauc Ldoi
10.1073/pnas.87.20.7844subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-10-01 00:00:00pages
7844-8issue
20eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章abstract::When yeast from the early stages of meiosis are transferred from sporulation to growth medium, they can reenter the mitotic cell cycle directly. In contrast, cells from later stages of meiosis (after the initiation of the first nuclear division) will complete meiosis and sporulation despite the shift to growth medium,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.14.6559
更新日期:1994-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence from more than 100 y of research indicates that conscientiousness (C) is the most potent noncognitive construct for occupational performance. However, questions remain about the magnitudes of its effect sizes across occupational variables, its defining characteristics and functions in occupational settings, a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1073/pnas.1908430116
更新日期:2019-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::I reject the Darwinian assumption that larvae and their adults evolved from a single common ancestor. Rather I posit that, in animals that metamorphose, the basic types of larvae originated as adults of different lineages, i.e., larvae were transferred when, through hybridization, their genomes were acquired by distan...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0908357106
更新日期:2009-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::Methods for the construction of ordered nanoscale arrays have been implicated in fields ranging from separation technologies to microelectronics. Yet, despite the plethora of nanoscale structures assembled in nature that use a templating strategy, chemists have been unable to replicate this success. A technology is re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0711308105
更新日期:2008-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a cell-free system in which the transcription of the yeast metallothionein gene is inducible by the addition of metal ions plus a specific regulatory protein. Efficient transcription requires the complete yeast ACE1 metalloregulatory protein, including both its DNA-binding and transactivation domains; a mo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.21.8377
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A full-length cDNA clone encoding a purified augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) factor prepared from the cytosol of weanling rat livers was isolated. The 1.2-kb cDNA included a 299-bp 5' untranslated region, a 375-bp coding region, and a 550-bp 3' untranslated region. It encoded a protein consisting of 125 amino ac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.17.8142
更新日期:1994-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::Gram-negative bacteria deliver a cadre of virulence factors directly into the cytoplasm of eukaryotic host cells to promote pathogenesis and/or commensalism. Recently, families of virulence proteins have been recognized that function as E3 Ubiquitin-ligases. How these bacterial ligases integrate into the ubiquitin (Ub...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0914821107
更新日期:2010-02-16 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major public health concern, being responsible for more than 1.5 million deaths annually through pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia. Available vaccines target only a subset of serotypes, so vaccination is often accompanied by a rise in the frequency of nonvaccine...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1718712115
更新日期:2018-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::In an fMRI experiment, participants were exposed to narratives based on true stories designed to evoke admiration and compassion in 4 distinct categories: admiration for virtue (AV), admiration for skill (AS), compassion for social/psychological pain (CSP), and compassion for physical pain (CPP). The goal was to test ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0810363106
更新日期:2009-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated two genes, Hox-2.8 and Hox-2.9, from the mouse homeobox cluster Hox-2, located on chromosome 11. A 120-kilobase yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) containing a large region of the murine Hox-2 cluster, including 45 kilobases of sequence upstream of the most 5' gene, was cloned. The DNA sequence of the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4751
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the DNA and RNA of fresh leukemic cells (five patients) and long-term cultured T lymphocytes (four patients) from patients with adult T-cell leukemia for the presence of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) sequences. In all cases HTLV-I provirus was found and several species of viral mRNAs were observed i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.19.6207
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infants' sensitivity to contingent reactivity as an indicator of intentional agency has been demonstrated by numerous referential gaze-following studies. Here we propose that variability of signal sequences in a turn-taking exchange provides an informative cue for infants to recognize interactions that may involve com...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1816709116
更新日期:2019-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::In the 7 years since dynamin was first isolated from bovine brain in search of novel microtubule-based motors, our understanding of this enzyme has expanded significantly. We now know that brain dynamin belongs to a family of large GTPases, which mediate vesicle trafficking. Furthermore, this enzymatic activity is mar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.2.377
更新日期:1997-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::Id2 is a natural inhibitor of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. Active Id2 prevents differentiation and promotes cell-cycle progression and tumorigenesis in the nervous system. A key event that regulates Id2 activity during differentiation is translocatio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0600168103
更新日期:2006-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of DNA toroids made of individual DNA molecules of various lengths (3,000 to 55,000 bp) was studied, by using partially filled bacteriophage capsids in conjunction with cryoelectron microscopy. The tetravalent cation spermine was diffused through the capsid to condense the DNA under conditions that were ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0901240106
更新日期:2009-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::We have found a defect in the ouabain-sensitive Na+, K+-ATPase (Na+ pump, EC 3.6.1.37) of erythrocytes from streptozocin diabetic rats. This defect was accompanied by an increase in cell volume and osmotic fragility and a decrease in the cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio. There was also a doubling in the time needed for diabetic...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.9.3327
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of metabolic depletion on the maturation-associated loss of membrane functions has been studied by using sheep reticulocytes incubated in vitro at 37 degrees C for periods up to 41 hr. ATP was either maintained with glucose, adenosine plus inosine, or depleted with 2-deoxyglucose plus arsenate. Two membrane...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.16.4978
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The periaqueductal gray (PAG) and amygdala are known to be important for defensive responses, and many contemporary fear-conditioning models present the PAG as downstream of the amygdala, directing the appropriate behavior (i.e., freezing or fleeing). However, empirical studies of this circuitry are inconsistent and w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1310845110
更新日期:2013-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus, which is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes while feeding on birds and humans, has emerged as the dominant vector borne disease in North America. We have identified natural compounds from humans and birds, which are detected with extreme sensitivity by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) on the antennae of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0906932106
更新日期:2009-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::During malaria and other infections, the plasma concentration of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) increases 3- to 4-fold, but the function of this glycoprotein has been unknown. This study demonstrates, by in vitro culture of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, that the AGP concentration achieved during malaria...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.17.5421
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human Bestrophin 1 (hBest1) is a calcium-activated chloride channel that regulates neuronal excitability, synaptic activity, and retinal homeostasis. Mutations in hBest1 cause the autosomal-dominant Best macular dystrophy (BMD). Because hBest1 mutations cause BMD, but a knockout does not, we wondered if hBest1 mutants...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1400248111
更新日期:2014-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic variants underlying life-threatening diseases, being unlikely to be transmitted to the next generation, are gradually and selectively eliminated from the population through negative selection. We study the determinants of this evolutionary process in human genes underlying monogenic diseases by comparing vario...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2001248118
更新日期:2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::The wetting of microstructured surfaces is studied both experimentally and theoretically. Even relatively simple surface topographies such as grooves with rectangular cross section exhibit a large variety of different wetting morphologies as observed by atomic force microscopy. This polymorphism arises from liquid wed...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0407721102
更新日期:2005-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the possible relationship between the susceptibility of cells to differentiation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and the subcellular translocation of calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) activity from the cytosol to the membrane. These two events were a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.19.7316
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the human glucocerebrosidase gene cause Gaucher disease. A cDNA clone containing the entire human glucocerebrosidase coding region from normal cells has been isolated using lambda gt11 expression libraries. The complete nucleotide sequence, a restriction map, and a hydropathy profile are presented. Hybrid...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.21.7289
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycoprotein E (gE) of HSV plays a key role in cell-to-cell spread and virus-induced cell fusion. Here, we report that this function of gE requires the cooperation of tegument proteins UL11, UL16, and UL21. We found that the four proteins come together with very high efficiency to form a complex in transfected cells a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1212900109
更新日期:2012-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::A specific antibody against proinsulin has been obtained by adsorbing the original anti-proinsulin guinea pig serum with a solid immunosorbent of Sephadex-insulin. The specificity of the antibody against antigenic determinants of proinsulin was established by radioimmunoassay and by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA)...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.62.2.415
更新日期:1969-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosome segregation and mitotic exit are initiated by the 1.2-MDa ubiquitin ligase APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome) and its coactivator CDC20 (cell division cycle 20). To avoid chromosome missegregation, APC/C(CDC20) activation is tightly controlled. CDC20 only associates with APC/C in mitosis when APC/...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1604929113
更新日期:2016-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a protein family in Drosophila containing six adenosine deaminase-related growth factors (ADGFs), which are homologous to a mitogenic growth factor discovered in conditioned medium from cells of a different fly species, Sarcophaga. Closely related proteins have been identified in other animals, and a human...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.062059699
更新日期:2002-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::The migration of species across interfaces can crucially affect the performance of heterogeneous catalysts. A key concept in using bimetallic catalysts for hydrogenation is that the active metal supplies hydrogen atoms to the host metal, where selective hydrogenation can then occur. Herein, we demonstrate that, follow...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2010413117
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00