Abstract:
:The bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major public health concern, being responsible for more than 1.5 million deaths annually through pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia. Available vaccines target only a subset of serotypes, so vaccination is often accompanied by a rise in the frequency of nonvaccine serotypes. Epidemiological studies suggest that such a change in serotype frequencies is often coupled with an increase of antibiotic resistance among nonvaccine serotypes. Building on previous multilocus models for bacterial pathogen population structure, we have developed a theoretical framework incorporating variation of serotype and antibiotic resistance to examine how their associations may be affected by vaccination. Using this framework, we find that vaccination can result in a rapid increase in the frequency of preexisting resistant variants of nonvaccine serotypes due to the removal of competition from vaccine serotypes.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Obolski U,Lourenço J,Thompson C,Thompson R,Gori A,Gupta Sdoi
10.1073/pnas.1718712115subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-03-20 00:00:00pages
3102-3107issue
12eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1718712115journal_volume
115pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The pathogenicity of fixed rabies virus strains for adult mice depends on the presence of an antigenic determinant on the viral glycoprotein. Two virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have been used to identify this determinant. All pathogenic strains of fixed rabies virus bind to these antibodies and are neutraliz...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.1.70
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aphids maintain mutualistic symbioses involving consortia of coinherited organisms. All possess a primary endosymbiont, Buchnera, which compensates for dietary deficiencies; many also contain secondary symbionts, such as Hamiltonella defensa, which confers defense against natural enemies. Genome sequences of uncultiva...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0507029102
更新日期:2005-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::One of the advantages of the production of monoclonal antibodies by tissue culture methods is that they can be internally labeled by using appropriate radioactive amino acid in the culture fluid. Thus, radioactive immunological probes of high specific activity can be prepared. Here we report applications of these inte...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.79.2.665
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abstract::We have localized an area in the human brain involved in the processing of contours defined by motion differences (kinetic contours) by comparing with positron emission tomography the regional cerebral blood flow in tasks performed with kinetic and luminance-defined gratings. These tasks included passive viewing, coun...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.4.993
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.21.11508
更新日期:1997-10-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.5.3000
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:1998-04-28 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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abstract::CDK7 is a cyclin-dependent kinase proposed to function in two essential cellular processes: transcription and cell cycle regulation. CDK7 is the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH that phosphorylates the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II, and has been shown to be broadly required for t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2002-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::The vacuolated lens (vl) mouse mutant causes congenital cataracts and neural tube defects (NTDs), with the NTDs being caused by abnormal neural fold apposition and fusion. Our positional cloning of vl indicates these phenotypes result from a deletion mutation in an uncharacterized orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GP...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Summertime Arctic shipboard observations of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) such as organic acids, key precursors of climatically active secondary organic aerosol (SOA), are consistent with a novel source of OVOCs to the marine boundary layer via chemistry at the sea surface microlayer. Although this sou...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.9.2594
更新日期:1972-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, surface-sensitive spectroscopy data and molecular dynamics simulations have generated intense interest in the distribution of electrolyte ions between bulk water and the air/water interface. A partitioning model for cations and anions developed for biopolymer surface is extended here to interpret the effects...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2003-02-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2003-06-24 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-11-13 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biosynthesis of beta-nerve growth factor (betaNGF) was studied in mouse submaxillary glands incubated with L-[(35)S]cystine. betaNGF was isolated from tissue extracts by the addition of antiserum against betaNGF and the washed immunoprecipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. With sho...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::A specific high-affinity receptor for leukotriene C4 (LTC4) has been identified on segments of longitudinal smooth muscle from guinea pig ileum, in disrupted cells obtained from the ileal segments, and in subcellular fractions enriched for mitochondrial membranes and plasma membranes, respectively. Specific [3H]LTC4 b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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abstract::For many years, the Neanderthals have been recognized as a distinctive extinct hominid group that occupied Europe and western Asia between about 200,000 and 30,000 years ago. It is still debated, however, whether these hominids belong in their own species, Homo neanderthalensis, or represent an extinct variant of Homo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2006-04-18 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.15.8750
更新日期:1998-07-21 00:00:00