Partitioning of atmospherically relevant ions between bulk water and the water/vapor interface.

abstract：:Systemic delivery of bioactive molecules in the CNS is hampered by the blood-brain barrier, which has bottlenecked noninvasive physiological study of the brain and the development of CNS drugs. Here we report that irradiation with an ultrashort pulsed laser to the blood vessel wall induces transient leakage of blood p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Choi M,Ku T,Chong K,Yoon J,Choi C

更新日期：2011-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:We used gene knockout mice to explore the role of Angiopoietin-like-4 (Angptl4) in lipid metabolism as well as to generate anti-Angptl4 mAbs with pharmacological activity. Angptl4 -/- mice had lower triglyceride (TG) levels resulting both from increased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) clearance and decreased VLDL ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Desai U,Lee EC,Chung K,Gao C,Gay J,Key B,Hansen G,Machajewski D,Platt KA,Sands AT,Schneider M,Van Sligtenhorst I,Suwanichkul A,Vogel P,Wilganowski N,Wingert J,Zambrowicz BP,Landes G,Powell DR

更新日期：2007-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a model for transposition that allows a choice between cointegrate formation (replicon fusion) and direct transposition. We propose that initiation of the process occurs by invasion of the target DNA by a single-stranded end of the transposable element. This leads to nicking of one of the DNA strands of the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Galas DJ,Chandler M

更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here we test the hypothesis that high-altitude native resident Tibetan women with genotypes for high oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, and thus less physiological hypoxic stress, have higher Darwinian fitness than women with low oxygen saturation genotypes. Oxygen saturation and genealogical data were collected from re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beall CM,Song K,Elston RC,Goldstein MC

更新日期：2004-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:African trypanosomes are protected by a densely packed surface monolayer of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG). A haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor (HpHbR) within this VSG coat mediates heme acquisition. HpHbR is also exploited by the human host to mediate endocytosis of trypanolytic factor (TLF)1 from serum, contributi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Higgins MK,Tkachenko O,Brown A,Reed J,Raper J,Carrington M

更新日期：2013-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The x-ray crystal structure of an oligomeric miniprotein has been determined to a 1.2-A resolution by means of multiwavelength anomalous diffraction phasing with selenomethionine analogs that retain the biophysical characteristics of the native peptide. Peptide 1, comprising alpha and beta secondary structure elements...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ali MH,Peisach E,Allen KN,Imperiali B

更新日期：2004-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The substrate specificity of thermophilic xylose isomerase from Clostridium thermosulfurogenes was examined by using predictions from the known crystal structure of the Arthrobacter enzyme and site-directed mutagenesis of the thermophile xylA gene. The orientation of glucose as a substrate in the active site of the th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meng M,Lee C,Bagdasarian M,Zeikus JG

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a potent growth factor for T lymphocytes, playing a crucial role in the immune response. In view of the considerable evidence that the immunoregulatory cytokines (or lymphokines) also play a role in the growth and differentiation of cells in the central nervous system (CNS), we examined the ope...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okamoto Y,Minamoto S,Shimizu K,Mogami H,Taniguchi T

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A critical step in the induction of apoptosis is the activation of the apoptotic initiator caspase 9. We show that at its normal physiological concentration, caspase 9 is primarily an inactive monomer (zymogen), and that activity is associated with a dimeric species. At the high concentrations used for crystal formati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Renatus M,Stennicke HR,Scott FL,Liddington RC,Salvesen GS

更新日期：2001-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase consists of two subunits--a catalytic subunit and an accessory subunit, UL42, that increases processivity. Mutations affecting the extreme C terminus of the catalytic subunit specifically disrupt subunit interactions and ablate virus replication, suggesting that new antiviral dr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Digard P,Williams KP,Hensley P,Brooks IS,Dahl CE,Coen DM

更新日期：1995-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The technique of single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was used to screen a series of 37 established colorectal cell lines, 22 fresh tumor samples, and 22 normal DNA samples for mutations in the beta 2-microglobulin gene. Exon 1 (including the leader peptide sequence) and exon 2 were screened separately. Six ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bicknell DC,Rowan A,Bodmer WF

更新日期：1994-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) has been implicated in apoptosis induced by various stimuli. We find that the Fas-induced activation of cdc2 and cdk2 in Jurkat cells is not dependent on protein synthesis, which is shut down very early during apoptosis before caspase-3 activation. Instead, activation ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhou BB,Li H,Yuan J,Kirschner MW

更新日期：1998-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Water freezing on solid surfaces is ubiquitous in nature. Even though icing/frosting impairs the performance and safety in many processes, its mechanism remains inadequately understood. Changing atmospheric conditions, surface properties, the complexity of icing physics, and the unorthodox behavior of water are the pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jung S,Tiwari MK,Poulikakos D

更新日期：2012-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Once-abundant aerial insectivores, such as the Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), have declined steadily in the past several decades, making it imperative to understand all aspects of their ecology. Aerial insectivores forage on a mixture of aquatic and terrestrial insects that differ in fatty acid composition, speci...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Twining CW,Brenna JT,Lawrence P,Shipley JR,Tollefson TN,Winkler DW

更新日期：2016-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensors use a related luminal domain to monitor the unfolded protein load and convey the signal to downstream effectors, signaling an unfolded protein response (UPR) that maintains compartment-specific protein folding homeostasis. Surprisingly, perturbation of cellular lipid compositi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Volmer R,van der Ploeg K,Ron D

更新日期：2013-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Hematologic malignancies are frequently associated with cardiac pathologies. Mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) occur in a subset of acute myeloid leukemia patients, causing metabolic and epigenetic derangements. We have now discovered that altered metabolism in leukemic cells has a profound effect...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Karlstaedt A,Zhang X,Vitrac H,Harmancey R,Vasquez H,Wang JH,Goodell MA,Taegtmeyer H

更新日期：2016-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:In biological processes, such as fission, fusion and trafficking, it has been shown that lipids of different shapes are sorted into regions with different membrane curvatures. This lipid sorting has been hypothesized to be due to the coupling between the membrane curvature and the lipid's spontaneous curvature, which ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kamal MM,Mills D,Grzybek M,Howard J

更新日期：2009-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal protein in the respiratory chain, converts oxygen into water and helps generate the electrochemical gradient used in the synthesis of ATP. The catalytic action of cytochrome c oxidase involves electron transfer, proton transfer, and O2 reduction. These events trigger specific molecul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nyquist RM,Heitbrink D,Bolwien C,Gennis RB,Heberle J

更新日期：2003-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Routine dietary consumption of foods that contain aflatoxins is the second leading cause of environmental carcinogenesis worldwide. Aflatoxin-driven mutagenesis is initiated through metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to its epoxide form that reacts with N7 guanine in DNA. The resulting AFB1-N7-dG adduct under...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin YC,Owen N,Minko IG,Lange SS,Tomida J,Li L,Stone MP,Wood RD,McCullough AK,Lloyd RS

更新日期：2016-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that Arthrobacter pyridinolis can transport D-fructose or L-rhamnose using either a phosphoenolpyruvate:hexose phosphotransferase (phosphoenolpyruvate:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.9) system or a respiration-coupled transport system which requires the presence of exogenous L-malate. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wolfson EB,Krulwich TA

更新日期：1974-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neural mechanisms used by the human brain to identify phonemes remain unclear. We recorded the EEG signals evoked by repeated presentation of 12 American English phonemes. A support vector machine model correctly recognized a high percentage of the EEG brain wave recordings represented by their phases, which were ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang R,Perreau-Guimaraes M,Carvalhaes C,Suppes P

更新日期：2012-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The betaalpha barrel is the common protein fold of numerous enzymes and was proposed recently to be the result of gene duplication and fusion of an ancient half-barrel. The initial enzyme of shikimate biosynthesis possesses the additional feature of feedback regulation. The crystal structure and kinetic studies on chi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hartmann M,Schneider TR,Pfeil A,Heinrich G,Lipscomb WN,Braus GH

更新日期：2003-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The protective effects of estrogen in the cardiovascular system result from both systemic effects and direct actions of the hormone on the vasculature. Two estrogen receptors have been identified, ERalpha and ERbeta. We demonstrated previously that estrogen inhibits the response to vascular injury in both wild-type an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Karas RH,Hodgin JB,Kwoun M,Krege JH,Aronovitz M,Mackey W,Gustafsson JA,Korach KS,Smithies O,Mendelsohn ME

更新日期：1999-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:PH-30, a sperm surface protein involved in sperm-egg fusion, is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, which are synthesized as precursors and processed, during sperm development, to yield the mature forms. The mature PH-30 alpha/beta complex resembles certain viral fusion proteins in membrane topology and predicte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wolfsberg TG,Bazan JF,Blobel CP,Myles DG,Primakoff P,White JM

更新日期：1993-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a model describing how Mg(2+) binds and stabilizes specific RNA structures. In this model, RNA stabilization arises from two energetically distinct modes of Mg(2+) binding: diffuse- and site-binding. Diffusely bound Mg(2+) are electrostatically attracted to the strong anionic field around the RNA and are ac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Misra VK,Draper DE

更新日期：2001-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The degradation of the plant cell wall by glycoside hydrolases is central to environmentally sustainable industries. The major polysaccharides of the plant cell wall are cellulose and xylan, a highly decorated β-1,4-xylopyranose polymer. Glycoside hydrolases displaying multiple catalytic functions may simplify the enz...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McKee LS,Peña MJ,Rogowski A,Jackson A,Lewis RJ,York WS,Krogh KB,Viksø-Nielsen A,Skjøt M,Gilbert HJ,Marles-Wright J

更新日期：2012-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca2+, pheromones, sweet taste compounds, and the main neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid activate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that constitute the GPCR family 3. These receptors are dimers, and each subunit has a large extracellular domain called a Venus flytrap module (VFTM), where agonist...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bessis AS,Rondard P,Gaven F,Brabet I,Triballeau N,Prezeau L,Acher F,Pin JP

更新日期：2002-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:PIK3CA mutations are reported to be present in approximately 25% of breast cancer (BC), particularly the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and HER2-overexpressing (HER2+) subtypes, making them one of the most common genetic aberrations in BC. In experimental models, these mutations have been shown to activate AKT and i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loi S,Haibe-Kains B,Majjaj S,Lallemand F,Durbecq V,Larsimont D,Gonzalez-Angulo AM,Pusztai L,Symmans WF,Bardelli A,Ellis P,Tutt AN,Gillett CE,Hennessy BT,Mills GB,Phillips WA,Piccart MJ,Speed TP,McArthur GA,Sotiriou

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A climate/vegetation model simulates episodic wetter and drier periods at the 21,000-y precession period in eastern North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Levant over the past 140,000 y. Large orbitally forced wet/dry extremes occur during interglacial time, ∼130 to 80 ka, and conditions between these two extrem...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kutzbach JE,Guan J,He F,Cohen AS,Orland IJ,Chen G

更新日期：2020-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) is a small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein that regulates the binding of coat proteins to membranes and is required for several stages of vesicular transport. ARF also stimulates phospholipase D (PLD) activity, which can alter the lipid content of membranes by conversion of p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ktistakis NT,Brown HA,Sternweis PC,Roth MG

更新日期：1995-05-23 00:00:00