Molecular cloning of a cytochrome P450 taxane 10 beta-hydroxylase cDNA from Taxus and functional expression in yeast.

abstract：:Although the occurrence of epistasis and pleiotropy is widely accepted at the molecular level, its effect on the adaptive value of fitness-related genes is rarely investigated in plants. Knowledge of these features of a gene is critical to understand the molecular basis of adaptive evolution. Here we investigate the i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scarcelli N,Cheverud JM,Schaal BA,Kover PX

更新日期：2007-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Filipin, digitonin, and saponin react with membrane cholesterol to produce unique membrane alterations (sterol-specific complexes) that are easily discernible in freeze-fracture replicas. We have treated both noninnervated and innervated Xenopus embryonic muscle cells in culture with these agents. Freeze-fracture of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bridgman PC,Nakajima Y

更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The roles of superoxide and H2O2 in the cytotoxicity of paraquat were assessed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Neither catalase nor superoxide dismutase inhibited the loss of ability to form colonies when added to the medium. When introduced into the cells, superoxide dismutase but not catalase inhibited the toxicity ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bagley AC,Krall J,Lynch RE

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We explored the feasibility of designing retroviral vectors that can target human breast cancer cells with characteristic receptors via ligand-receptor interaction. The ecotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus envelope was modified by insertion of sequences encoding human heregulin. Ecotropic virus, which normally does...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Han X,Kasahara N,Kan YW

更新日期：1995-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A detailed model of the G(2) DNA damage checkpoint (G2DDC) system is presented that includes complex regulatory networks of the mitotic kinase Cdc2, phosphatase Cdc25, Wee1 kinase, and damage signal transduction pathways involving Chk1 and p53. Assumptions on the kinetic equations of the G2DDC are made, and computer s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aguda BD

更新日期：1999-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The Caulobacter crescentus flagellum is formed at a specific time in the cell cycle and its assembly requires the ordered expression of a large number of genes. These genes are controlled in a positive trans-acting hierarchy that reflects the order of assembly of the flagellum. Using plasmids carrying transcriptional ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu H,Dingwall A,Shapiro L

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The multisubunit enzyme aspartate transcarbamylase consists of six copies of two types of polypeptide chains, catalytic (C) and regulatory (R). A complex formed by the partial dissociation of this enzyme has been isolated. This species, which has the structure C(6)R(4), is a likely intermediate in the stepwise dissoci...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Evans DR,Pastra-Landis SC,Lipscomb WN

更新日期：1974-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The potent muscarinic photoaffinity reagent N-methyl-4-piperidyl p-azidobenzilate (azido-4NMPB) was used to covalently label specific muscarinic binding sites in various brain regions and in the heart. In the cortex and hippocampus, a single specifically labeled protein with an apparent molecular mass of 86,000 dalton...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Avissar S,Amitai G,Sokolovsky M

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) represent a new group of drugs currently being tested in a wide variety of clinical applications. They are especially effective in preclinical models of cancer where they show antiproliferative action in many different types of cancer cells. Recently, the first HDACi was approved...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haberland M,Johnson A,Mokalled MH,Montgomery RL,Olson EN

更新日期：2009-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The mouse skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptor is regulated, at least in part, by transcriptional mechanisms. As a first step toward defining the cis- and trans-acting factors involved in acetylcholine receptor transcriptional regulation, we examined mouse muscle and fibroblast cells for the presence of DNase I-hype...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Crowder CM,Merlie JP

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a method based on a phagemid vector with helper phage rescue for the construction and rapid analysis of combinatorial antibody Fab libraries. This approach should allow the generation and selection of many monoclonal antibodies. Antibody genes are expressed in concert with phage morphogenesis, thereby allo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kang AS,Barbas CF,Janda KD,Benkovic SJ,Lerner RA

更新日期：1991-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Seven clones encoding interferon response element binding factors have been isolated from a mouse fibroblast lambda gt11 cDNA library by using a 32P end-labeled tandem trimer of the mouse (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase gene interferon response element as a probe. Clone 16 shares strong similarity (95%) at both DNA a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yan C,Tamm I

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Argonaute and Piwi proteins are key players in the RNA silencing pathway, with the former interacting with micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and siRNAs, whereas the latter targets piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that are 2'-O-methylated (2(')-OCH(3)) at their 3' ends. Germline-specific piRNAs and Piwi proteins play a critical role i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tian Y,Simanshu DK,Ma JB,Patel DJ

更新日期：2011-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the intradiscal polypeptide loops in bovine rhodopsin has been investigated by deletions in the N-terminal tail and in loops B-C, D-E, and E-F as well as by single amino acid substitutions in the D-E loop. Mutants with three types of phenotypes were observed. Type I mutants showed a rhodopsin-like chromoph...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Doi T,Molday RS,Khorana HG

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve drug delivery and to increase the solubility of hydrophobic compounds. Anabaenolysins are lipopeptides produced by cyanobacteria with potent lytic activity in cholesterol-containing membranes. Here, we identified the 23- to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shishido TK,Jokela J,Kolehmainen CT,Fewer DP,Wahlsten M,Wang H,Rouhiainen L,Rizzi E,De Bellis G,Permi P,Sivonen K

更新日期：2015-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:In response to environmental changes, the connections ("arrows") in gene regulatory networks determine which genes modulate their expression, but the quantitative parameters of the network ("the numbers on the arrows") are equally important in determining the resulting phenotype. What are the objectives and constraint...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chubukov V,Zuleta IA,Li H

更新日期：2012-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is composed of linear chains of phosphate groups linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. However, this simple, ubiquitous molecule remains poorly understood. The use of nonstandardized analytical methods has contributed to this lack of clarity. By using improved polyacrylamide gel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Livermore TM,Chubb JR,Saiardi A

更新日期：2016-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands regulate cell navigation during normal and oncogenic development. Signaling of Ephs is initiated in a multistep process leading to the assembly of higher-order signaling clusters that set off bidirectional signaling in interacting cells. However, the structural an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Himanen JP,Yermekbayeva L,Janes PW,Walker JR,Xu K,Atapattu L,Rajashankar KR,Mensinga A,Lackmann M,Nikolov DB,Dhe-Paganon S

更新日期：2010-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The exceptional sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) lacks satisfactory definition. M. tuberculosis is a natural mutant in oxyR, a central regulator of peroxide stress response. The ahpC gene, which encodes a critical subunit of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, is one of the tar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Dhandayuthapani S,Deretic V

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutants of Escherichia coli sensitive to phage T4 gene 2 mutants were obtained following ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. By mapping and complementation analysis, the mutations in each of the six mutants are in recB and recC. By both in vivo and in vitro analyses, the nuclease activity of RecBC enzyme is undetectab...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chaudhury AM,Smith GR

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A single animal group can display different types of collective motion at different times. For a one-dimensional individual-based model of self-organizing group formation, we show that repeated switching between distinct ordered collective states can occur entirely because of stochastic effects. We introduce a framewo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kolpas A,Moehlis J,Kevrekidis IG

更新日期：2007-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Model compositions of Earth, Venus, and Mercury are calculated from the premise that planets and chondrites underwent four identical fractionation processes in the solar nebula. Because elements of similar properties stay together in these processes, five constraints suffice to define the composition of a planet: mass...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morgan JW,Anders E

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA-binding motif protein 4 (RBM4) plays a regulatory role in alternative splicing of precursor mRNA. We show here that cell stress such as arsenite exposure induces phosphorylation of RBM4 at serine 309 and also drives its cytoplasmic accumulation and targeting to stress granule via the MKK(3/6)-p38 signaling pathway...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin JC,Hsu M,Tarn WY

更新日期：2007-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Tissue cultures of Actinidia kolomikta can be maintained as callus through repeated passages on a nutrient medium devoid of cytokinin but containing inorganic nutrients, sucrose, and other basal organics plus auxin. Under these conditions, actively growing callus contained 2 and 0.5 nmol of the cytokinins zeatin [io(6...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Einset JW

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Somatic crossing-over was used in heterozygous Drosophila melanogaster to effect clonal homozygosity for three mutants (h, Hw, ac). In these mutants, one type of process, chaetae, replaces another type, trichomes, in specific patterns on the adult fly. Heterozygous individuals were irradiated at different larval or pu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garcia-Bellido A,Merriam JR

更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The midcycle luteinizing hormone (LH) surge triggers several tightly linked ovarian processes, including steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, and ovulation. We designed studies to determine whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling might serve as a common regulator of these activities. Our resu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jamnongjit M,Gill A,Hammes SR

更新日期：2005-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Zea mays L. ssp. mays, or corn, one of the most important crops and a model for plant genetics, has a genome approximately 80% the size of the human genome. To gain global insight into the organization of its genome, we have sequenced the ends of large insert clones, yielding a cumulative length of one-eighth of the g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Messing J,Bharti AK,Karlowski WM,Gundlach H,Kim HR,Yu Y,Wei F,Fuks G,Soderlund CA,Mayer KF,Wing RA

更新日期：2004-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The trace fossil record is important in determining the timing of the appearance of bilaterian animals. A conservative estimate puts this time at approximately equal 555 million years ago. The preservational potential of traces made close to the sediment-water interface is crucial to detecting early benthic activity. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Droser ML,Jensen S,Gehling JG

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new class of Escherichia coli mutants, referred to as grn, has been isolated by localized mutagenesis. These mutations affect the sigma subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6) by abolishing the expression of the lambda N gene, and they are close...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakamura Y,Kurihara T,Saito H,Uchida H

更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Foraminifera are unicellular organisms that inhabit the oceans in various ecosystems. The majority of the foraminifera precipitate calcitic shells and are among the major CaCO(3) producers in the oceans. They comprise an important component of the global carbon cycle and also provide valuable paleoceanographic informa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bentov S,Brownlee C,Erez J

更新日期：2009-12-22 00:00:00