Abstract:
:Persistent infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in the presence of a vigorous host immune response has been demonstrated in humans and in animal models of Lyme disease. Long-term persistence of B. burgdorferi was documented recently in our studies of BALB/c and C3H mice infected with cloned and uncloned strains of B. burgdorferi. From mice inoculated with the cloned strain, 11 isolates were recovered from the skin, bladder, and blood after 1 year of infection. Analysis of the genes encoding the major outer surface proteins (OspA and OspB) by restriction digestion and DNA sequencing showed no evidence of point mutations or other small genetic alterations after 1 year. Genomic macrorestriction analysis of whole B. burgdorferi showed no loss or gross alterations of the plasmids encoding OspA, OspB, or OspC. However, in two isolates, loss of a 38-kb plasmid encoding outer surface protein D was noted. Our studies suggest that loss or alteration of the genes encoding OspA and OspB is not a common occurrence during persistent spirochetal infection and that other possible mechanisms, including invasion of immunologically privileged sites, should be actively explored.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Persing DH,Mathiesen D,Podzorski D,Barthold SWdoi
10.1128/IAI.62.8.3521-3527.1994subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-08-01 00:00:00pages
3521-7issue
8eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Most Escherichia coli isolates can express type 1 fimbriae with mannose-specific adhesins. These adhesins bind to the oligosaccharide chains of secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA). Thus, in addition to specific antibody activity, secretory IgA possesses a broad reactivity with bacteria expressing type 1 fimbriae. The abs...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.7.2794-2798.1996
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An attenuated influenza A candidate vaccine virus, derived from the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) cold-adapted (ca) donor virus and the A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) wild-type virus, was evaluated in adult seronegative volunteers (serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer, less than or equal to 1:8) for level of attenuation, ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.40.3.1044-1051.1983
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The population structure of the Bacillus cereus group (52 strains of B. anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis) was investigated by sequencing seven gene fragments (rpoB, gyrB, pycA, mdh, mbl, mutS, and plcR). Most of the strains were classifiable into two large subgroups in six housekeeping gene trees but not in ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.72.9.5253-5261.2004
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasite that persists for the life of a healthy mammalian host. A latent, chronic infection can reactivate upon immunosuppression and cause life-threatening diseases, such as encephalitis. A key to the pathogenesis is the parasite's interconversion between the tachyzoite (in acute in...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01862-06
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the correlation between the incA I47T mutation in Chlamydia trachomatis and the nonfusogenic phenotype, the incA genes of 25 isolates were sequenced. Four major sequence types were identified. Seven isolates (28%) had the I47T mutation. Isolates representing the four sequence types expressed IncA in the...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.7.4654-4656.2001
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The glycolipid haptens of Mycoplasma pneumoniae became immunogenic when bound to membrane proteins of Acholeplasma laidlawii by reaggregation. This process consisted of the solubilization of lipid-depleted A. laidlawii membranes and M. pneumoniae glycolipids in 20 mm sodium dodecyl sulfate and dialysis of the mixed so...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.3.3.420-423.1971
更新日期:1971-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::When inoculated orally, Escherichia coli strain 1056 caused acute enteritis in 7 of 22 weanling hamsters. E. coli strain 1056 was isolated from the ileum of a hamster with proliferative ileitis. It was lactose negative, nonmotile, and anaerogenic. By electron microscopy and indirect fluorescent-antibody techniques, E....
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.31.3.1232-1238.1981
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to quantitate, in milligrams per milliliter, anti-colonization factor antigen/I (CFA/I) immunoglobulin G (IgG) in acute- and convalescent-phase sera of individuals who experienced diarrhea associated with CFA/I-positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Purified...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.27.2.525-531.1980
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The UspA1 and UspA2 proteins of Moraxella catarrhalis are potential vaccine candidates for preventing disease caused by this organism. We have characterized both proteins and evaluated their vaccine potential using both in vitro and in vivo assays. Both proteins were purified from the O35E isolate by Triton X-100 extr...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mice infected with virulent blood (trypomastigote) forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, complement depletion with cobra venom factor caused a marked exacerbation of the disease evidenced by significantly increased parasitemia levels and early mortality as compared with those of untreated infected animals. The effect was gre...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.11.1.86-91.1975
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the mechanisms that lead to the production of proinflammatory mediators by human monocytes when these cells are exposed in vitro to live Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes. We first focused on myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88), an adapter molecule that is essential in the Toll-l...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01078-08
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasitic protozoan, is reduced by injection of CD40 ligand (CD40L)-transfected 3T3 fibroblasts (D. Chaussabel, F. Jacobs, J. de Jonge, M. de Veerman, Y. Carlier, K. Thielemans, M. Goldman, and B. Vray, Infect. Immun. 67:1929-1934, 1999). This prompted us...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.73.10.6552-6561.2005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotype b-specific polysaccharide antigen (SPA) of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 consists of D-fucose and L-rhamnose. To clarify the role of SPA in phagocytosis of the organism by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against SPA and SPA-defective mutants, which were constr...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.12.4589-4594.1995
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is an atypical A-B-type toxin consisting of a heterotrimer composed of the cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC gene products. The CdtA and CdtC subunits form two heterogeneous ricin-like lectin domains which bind the holotoxin to the target cell. Point mut...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00697-06
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) are selectively unable to clear the yeast Candida, which results in persistent debilitating infections affecting the skin, nails, and mucous membranes. The underlying defect is unknown. Recent animal studies highlighted the importance of type 1 cytokines in protect...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.10.5690-5699.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mammals, the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 gene, Nramp1, plays a major role in resistance to mycobacterial infections. Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) is currently experiencing an epizootic of mycobacteriosis that threatens the health of this ecologically and economically importa...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.72.3.1626-1636.2004
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chemotactic behavior of Campylobacter jejuni was determined in the presence of different amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, and preparations and constituents of mucin and bile. L-Fucose was the only carbohydrate and L-aspartate, L-cysteine, L-glutamate, and L-serine were the only amino acids producing a ch...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.6.1560-1566.1988
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well established that activating-type Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G (FcgammaR), such as FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIII, are essential for inducing inflammatory responses. On the other hand, a unique inhibitory FcgammaR, FcgammaRIIB, inhibits intracellular signaling upon engagement of immunoglobulin G-immune compl...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.73.8.5048-5052.2005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recombinant 23-kDa protein (rBPI23) derived from human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) possesses potent endotoxin-neutralizing abilities in vitro and in vivo. Binding of rBPI23 to those endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides [LPSs]) encountered clinically would be a prerequisite for efficacy in decreasin...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.8.3564-3567.1994
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal administration of 16 mg of cyclophosphamide in inbred chickens resulted in a transient, but profound, deficiency in the in vitro proliferative response of spleen cells. Functional T-cell deficiency was accompanied by a marked morphological degeneration in the thymus and thymus-dependent areas in the spleen. ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.17.1.227-230.1977
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human galectin-3 binds to the surface of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes and human coronary artery smooth muscle (CASM) cells. CASM cells express galectin-3 on their surface and secrete it. Exogenous galectin-3 increased the binding of T. cruzi to CASM cells. Trypanosome binding to CASM cells was enhanced when eithe...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.72.11.6717-6721.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular survival of Chlamydia psittaci is in part dependent on the ability of the organism to thwart phagolysosome formation. Circumvention of phagolysosome fusion could be either localized to chlamydia-laden vacuoles or generalized to all phagosomes in the host cell. To determine which of these modes is in oper...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.32.2.889-896.1981
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insertional inactivation of the Streptococcus mutans spaP gene was used to construct an isogenic mutant (834) of strain NG8 (serotype c) which lacked the major cell surface-associated protein referred to as P1 (15). Results of several studies suggest that P1 is involved in the adherence of S. mutans to saliva-coated a...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.59.12.4606-4609.1991
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have demonstrated roles for eosinophils during innate and adaptive immune responses to helminth infections. However, evidence that eosinophils are capable of initiating an immune response to parasite antigens is lacking. The goal of the present in vitro study was to investigate the potential of eosinop...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.02067-05
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We isolated a monoclonal antibody directed against the ferric complex of aerobactin purified from Escherichia coli KH576. This antibody, which we designated MAb AERO1, was identified as an immunoglobulin G, subtype 2. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with MAb AERO1 had a limit of 10 nM for the detection...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.3.768-772.1992
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumolysin (PLY), an important virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae, is known to exert various effects on the host immune cells, including cytokine induction, in addition to its known cytolytic activity as a member of the thiol-activated cytolysins. It is of interest to determine whether cytolytic activity is...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.1.107-113.2002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) proteases are produced by a number of different species of bacteria which cause infection at human mucosal surfaces. The sole substrate of these proteases is human IgA1. Cleavage is within the hinge region of IgA1, although there is variability in the exact peptide bond within the hinge region...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.58.2.320-331.1990
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled previous trial, the efficacy of Vi-rEPA for typhoid fever in 2- to 5-year-olds was 89.0% for 46 months. Vi-rEPA contained 25 microg of Vi and induced a greater-than-eightfold rise in immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-Vi in all of the vaccinees tested. In this investigati...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/IAI.72.11.6586-6588.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracts of specific granules and azurophil granules from human neutrophils were tested for their bactericidal activity against various lipopolysaccharide mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2. Three purified granule populations, one specific and two azurophil, were obtained by isopycnic centrifugation of homogenized...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.19.1.131-137.1978
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The indigenous microbial flora of the middle ear cavity of Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, was isolated, characterized, and identified, showing it to be sparse and transitory. Organisms, when found in the middle ear cavity, were most likely to be Staphylococcus epidermidis-like organisms. Cerumen from the ex...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.32.3.1113-1118.1981
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00