Abstract：
:Spontaneous losses between the 5th and 27th weeks of pregnancy were measured in a prospective study of 32 123 women whose contraceptive history around the time of conception was known. Diaphragm use prior to conception was associated with a significant reduction in second-trimester losses, after taking into account the effects of age, parity, race, marital status, alcohol use, and previous spontaneous or induced abortions. Women who used oral contraceptives and stopped them more than one month prior to their LMP experienced a deficit of first-trimester losses but conceptions occurring immediately after stopping the pill were followed by a small but nonsignificant increase in spontaneous abortions. After oral contraceptive failures there was an increase in first-trimester losses, but no change in the incidence of second-trimester ones. IUD failures were followed by a significant two-fold increase in the risk of both first and second-trimester losses: no differences were detected between the different brands. :Spontaneous losses between the 5th and 27th weeks of pregnancy were measured in a prospective study of 32,123 women whose contraceptive history around the time of conception was known. Diaphragm use prior to conception was associated with a significant reduction in second trimester losses, after taking into consideration the effects of parity, race, marital status, alcohol use, and previous spontaneous or induced abortions. Women who used (OC) oral contraceptives and then stopped them more than 1 month prior to their last menstrual period experienced a deficit of first trimester losses but conceptions occurring immediately after stopping the pill were followed by a small but nonsignificant increase in spontaneous abortion. After OC failures, there was an increase in first trimester losses, but no change in the incidence of second trimester ones. IUD failures were followed by a significant 2-fold increase in the risk of losses during the first and second trimesters with no differences detected between the different brands.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Harlap S,Shiono PH,Ramcharan Sdoi
10.1093/ije/9.1.49subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-03-01 00:00:00pages
49-56issue
1eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Data from several studies indicate that children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy may be at a risk of overweight compared with children of non-smoking mothers. The size of this relation, however, is unclear, as is the age at which it becomes detectable. METHODS:Prospective data for 34 866 children enr...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyi218
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bundling, which consists of wrapping an infant for prolonged periods in a sheepskin cover after dried cow dung is applied, is a common and apparently unique practice limited to the rural, mountainous regions of Northern Pakistan. The practice is initiated at various ages during the neonatal period. Its poten...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/25.4.879
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proportion of births to women of New Commonwealth origin in different Area Health Authorities (AHAs) varies widely. The influence of this varying proportion in contributing to differences in perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) between authorities is examined. Firstly, it is shown that the two main 'immigrant' groups h...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/9.3.255
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We evaluated the reproducibility and relative validity of a 190-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to be used in a large prospective study in the Athens area of Greece. METHODS:In all, 42 men and 38 women, aged 25-67 years, completed two self-administered semi-quantitative FFQ spaced ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/26.suppl_1.s118
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mild analgesics are freely available, widely used, and generally safe. Nevertheless a proportion of the population takes excessive quantities, of whom some develop chronic renal failure in consequence. A syndrome of analgesic abuse has been proposed, definable by characteristics other than analgesic intake. To examine...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/7.2.139
更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Until recently, botulism was not recognized as an important public health problem in Taiwan. In 1986, an outbreak of type A foodborne botulism resulted in nine cases, two of them fatal. The vehicle in this outbreak was commercially preserved peanuts processed by an improperly equipped, unlicensed cannery. A single bat...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/17.4.899
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present two enhancements to existing methods for visualizing vital statistics data. Data from the Human Mortality Database were used and vital statistics from England and Wales are used for illustration. The simpler of these methods involves coplotting mean age of death with its variance, and the more complex of th...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyt115
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:In order to support health service organizations in arranging a system for prevention of road traffic collisions (RTC), it is important to study the usefulness of sleep assessment tools. A cohort study was used to evaluate the effectiveness of subjective and objective sleep assessment tools to assess for the...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyw141
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The stability of mammalian serum and urine in large metabolomic investigations is essential for accurate, valid and reproducible studies. The stability of mammalian serum and urine, either processed immediately by freezing at -80 degrees C or stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h before being frozen, was compared i...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dym281
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the Hérault region of France, vineyards cover an area of 128,000 hectares (60% of agricultural land) and involve more than 93% of farms. A vine-growing exposure matrix was built for assessing pesticide exposure. It is based on information obtained from a survey among 85 vine-growers who lived in Hérault and who had...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/22.supplement_2.s36
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Exercise can suppress androgen production and may thus decrease the risk of prostate cancer. However, findings from epidemiological studies assessing physical activity and risk of prostate cancer are inconsistent. METHODS:We prospectively examined the association between physical activity and prostate cance...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/29.1.29
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:It is known that perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate have the property of inhibiting sodium iodide symporter. Animal studies have suggested that these compounds, especially perchlorate, might also interfere with insulin secretion. However, the association between their exposure and diabetes risk is largely ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyx188
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The genetic basis of several familial cancers including breast and colon cancers has been identified recently. The occurrence of multiple cancers in one individual is also suggestive of a genetic predisposition. To evaluate inherited predisposition in pancreatic cancer we compared the clinical data of pancre...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/29.6.999
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are few epidemiological data in the scientific literature about the carpal tunnel syndrome. This paper describes the characteristics of the 154 women referred to hospital for management of this condition among the 17,032 taking part in the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study. Standardized firs...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/19.3.655
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An analysis is made of the association between density factors and the profile of cause specific death rates in small areas (Bezirke) of Hannover, Germany, in 1968-69. Evaluation of urban ecological methods and logic is done to determine the plausibility of making meaningful statements about cause specific death risks...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/6.3.203
更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper argues that the perspective of economics is valuable in assessing the desirability, purpose and effectiveness of public intervention to reduce occupational accidents and diseases and suggests that the concept of efficiency provides one (although not the only) important criterion by which to judge policy in ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/12.1.77
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seemingly contradictory data support controversies concerning the relationships between food intake and illnesses. The present study of 1035 adults, aged 30-39 years, shows that (1) daily energy intake is not higher in obese than in non-obese people, (2) obesity is more prevalent in social groups where energy intake i...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/19.3.571
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Smoking is well established as a principal risk factor for lung cancer. The risk of lung cancer is about ten times higher in smokers in Western countries. In China, a number of epidemiological studies have investigated the association between lung cancer and smoking and in the present paper, a combined analysis of eig...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/21.2.197
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case-control study of rotavirus diarrhoea in Apache children up to two years old was conducted at the White Mountain Apache reservation from 1 May through 15 December 1985 to identify risk factors for rotavirus diarrhoea. The mothers of fifty cases, forty-five hospital controls and twenty-five neighbourhood controls...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/19.3.715
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies suggest that increased levels of physical activity might decrease the risk of prostate cancer. We ascertained lifetime measures of activity in a population-based case-control study of prostate cancer in Shanghai, China to investigate physical activity in a population where the incidence of prostate c...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/30.2.341
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One task faced by public health surveillance practitioners is the timely identification of data patterns that might suggest the onset of an epidemic period. Many available techniques for analysis of surveillance data are based on sequential procedures, which predict expected numbers of cases and compare this estimate ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/23.2.408
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present historical cohort study was to enhance the understanding of the unusual mortality pattern seen among seafarers. The main object was to describe the mortality pattern of Danish seafarers in recent years with special reference to the influence of accidents in the maritime workplace and a...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/25.6.1237
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of diet in relation to disease raise methodological challenges considerably more complicated than in most epidemiological investigations. Diet is not a single exposure, but rather a complex set of many intercorrelated continuous variables. Moreover, these variables are likely to have non-linear relationships w...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/16.2.312
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pneumococcal infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality among elderly people. Protection against pneumococcal infections is mediated by serotype-specific antibodies to capsular polysaccharides. To obtain an estimate of anti-pneumococcal immunity, prevalence and levels of pneumococcal antibodies...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/26.2.420
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Corporate influences on epidemiology have become stronger and more pervasive in the last few decades, particularly in the contentious fields of pharmacoepidemiology and occupational epidemiology. For every independent epidemiologist studying the side effects of medicines and the hazardous effects of industrial chemica...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/ije/dym270
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:METHODS. Mortality rates for four types of cancer (stomach, colorectal, lung, and breast cancer) in migrant populations were compared to those of individuals who still resided in the political region in which they were born. The effects on mortality rates of place of birth and of place of residence were studied, compa...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/24.1.8
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent studies indicate that cancers of the salivary gland are increasing, and the factors responsible for the increase are unknown. Artefactual changes, such as shift in classifying cancers of the floor of the mouth to cancers of the salivary gland, could affect the time trend for salivary gland cancer. ME...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/26.2.264
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This was to describe and analyse incidence and survival data on childhood leukaemias. SAMPLE:Incident leukaemia cases aged 0-19 from the cancer registry holdings of the province of Saskatchewan for the 60-year period 1932-1991 are the subject of this descriptive report. METHODS:Age-adjusted, age-specific, h...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/24.6.1100
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Endometriosis has been associated with a higher risk of cutaneous melanoma, but the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown.Some constitutional factors known to influence melanoma risk have been associated with endometriosis in some retrospective studies. However, prospective data are scarce, and ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyt235
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the use of the case-study or problem-solving method of teaching epidemiology, the technique of the 'blind' problem, namely the withholding of the diagnosis of the disease until the end, presents many advantages. The student is forced to confront the purely epidemiological data without being prejudiced by his precon...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/4.4.253
更新日期：1975-12-01 00:00:00
