Abstract:
:Studies of diet in relation to disease raise methodological challenges considerably more complicated than in most epidemiological investigations. Diet is not a single exposure, but rather a complex set of many intercorrelated continuous variables. Moreover, these variables are likely to have non-linear relationships with disease and interact with each other. Many epidemiologists have questioned whether useful measurements of individual diets could be made within populations, due to homogeneity of food intake and imprecision of assessment methods. However, in several recent studies it has been possible to demonstrate reasonable levels of correlation between simple, structured food frequency questionnaires and detailed, weighed assessments of diet. This provides evidence documenting that between-person variation in diet does exist and that simple questionnaires are sufficiently accurate to measure these differences. For a limited set of nutrients, biochemical measurements provide an alternative assessment of exposure. It remains to be seen whether these methodologies can be reliably employed in case-control studies since even small biases due to the presence of illness, which may affect recall of diet or the levels of biochemical parameters, will seriously distort relationships between diet and disease.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Willett Wdoi
10.1093/ije/16.2.312subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-06-01 00:00:00pages
312-7issue
2eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:To investigate variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) incubation period, transmission barrier, and short-term vCJD predictions for methionine homozygotes in 1940-1969 and post-1969 birth cohorts by use of gender- and age-specific exposure intensities to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), based on cons...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg248
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clustering of xerophthalmia in villages and in households was assessed among preschool children surveyed in the Lower Shire Valley, Malawi, and in Aceh province, Indonesia. Trachoma clustering was similarly assessed among the same children in Malawi. Trachoma clustered much more than xerophthalmia among villages a...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/17.4.865
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several studies have shown that inactivated, whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) confer both direct protection on vaccinees and herd protection on populations. Because our earlier cluster-randomized effectiveness trial (CRT) in urban Bangladesh failed to detect OCV herd protection, we reanalysed the tria...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/dyz060
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A continuum of reproductive causality is postulated, extending from fetal deaths - abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal - through a descending gradient of brain damage manifested in neuropsychiatric disorders. The research and administrative public health implications of these findings and the concept of the continuum a...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyw067
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The effectiveness of vaccines in populations must consider both direct and indirect protection. This study reanalyses data from a large individually randomized oral cholera vaccine trial that was conducted in rural Bangladesh from 1985 to 1990. A recent analysis of the results of that trial showed that the p...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyl100
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This two-year controlled study was conducted to define the mode of transmission of hepatitis B infection in Ethiopia. Twenty-five of 500 (5%) expectant mothers were identified as HbsAg positive (Group A). A control group of 29 mothers negative for HBsAg (Group B) was randomly selected. These 54 mothers and their famil...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/17.4.874
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To describe secular trends in pneumonia hospitalizations in the Bronx, New York City from 1982-1986, we analysed all cases with a discharge diagnosis of pneumonia, excluding Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), for Bronx residents by age, sex, neighbourhood, and length of stay (N = 21,822). Hospital deaths from PCP a...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/18.4.926
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bundling, which consists of wrapping an infant for prolonged periods in a sheepskin cover after dried cow dung is applied, is a common and apparently unique practice limited to the rural, mountainous regions of Northern Pakistan. The practice is initiated at various ages during the neonatal period. Its poten...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.4.879
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing recognition that the concepts traditionally taught by epidemiologists are essential for all medical graduates, most of whom will be clinicians, and not just for the minority who will specialize in population-based disciplines. This paper presents the recommendations of a Canadian conference which c...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/6.1.69
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/4.3.207
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/5.3.231
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyw051
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyp191
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/dyy240
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh102
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh018
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dym254
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/28.4.640
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/15.4.572
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyw047
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/9.2.111
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyz162
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/4.2.127
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/17.1.56
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologists frequently encounter studies with ordered responses. Standard ordered response logit models, such as the continuation ratio model, constrain exposure to have a homogeneous effect across thresholds of the ordered response. We demonstrate a method for fitting regression models for unconstrained, partiall...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/30.6.1379
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A questionnaire survey was administered in January 1982 to 3090 junior high school boys and girls in Nagoya, Japan. The proportion of current regular smokers who smoke at least one cigarette per week was 3.6% for boys and 0.5% for girls. By the third grade this had increased to 6.9% and 1.2% respectively for each sex....
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/17.4.814
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been postulated that experiences early in life influence cardiovascular risk in later adult life. This article considers 15 longitudinal and four case-control studies which, directly or indirectly, have examined the hypothesis concerning the prenatal and childhood origins of adult cardiovascular disease. Criter...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/20.4.833
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Operational research (OR) analysis provides information and systems to support decision making. In health care there are examples of OR being used to support decisions surrounding both the organization of health services and the treatment of individual patients. However, its uptake is currently low in spite of the inc...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.supplement_1.s90
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dym244
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/30.5.1109
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00