What is schizophrenia?

abstract：:The literature on schizophrenia has reported a trend toward higher concordance rates for females in both monozygotic and dizygotic same-sexed twins. The validity of this finding is open to question. Rosenthal (1961 and 1962) pointed out that females are more likely than males to become inhabitants of chronic wards. Mo...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Samuels L

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thirty psychiatric inpatients each rated their relationship with their auditory hallucination using the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior questionnaires which assess partnerships in terms of interpersonal focus, love-hate, and enmeshment-differentiation. Results showed that all subjects had integrated, interperso...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Benjamin LS

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Task-based functional neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia have not yet replicated the increased coordinated hyperactivity in speech-related brain regions that is reported with symptom-capture and resting-state studies of hallucinations. This may be due to suboptimal selection of cognitive tasks. METHODS:I...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Lavigne KM,Rapin LA,Metzak PD,Whitman JC,Jung K,Dohen M,Lœvenbruck H,Woodward TS

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:North American outcome studies of schizophrenia conducted within the past quarter century are reviewed if their minimum average followup is 10 years and they meet at least some modern design criteria. Ten such investigations are described and summarized. Taken as a whole, they demonstrate that schizophrenia can be a c...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： McGlashan TH

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded from the human scalp is widely used to study cognitive and brain functions in schizophrenia. Current research efforts are primarily devoted to the assessment of event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related oscillations (EROs), extracted from the ongoing EEG, in patients wit...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： van der Stelt O,Belger A

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis is described. It draws on the cognitive models and therapy approach of Beck and colleagues, combined with an application of stress-vulnerability models of schizophrenia and cognitive models of psychotic symptoms. There is encouraging evidence for the efficacy of this approach...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Garety PA,Fowler D,Kuipers E

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Discussion of the positive vs. negative distinction often fails to address whether this distinction refers to symptoms, syndromes, or diseases. Symptoms and syndromes are etiologically nonspecific, while diseases have a specific identifiable pathophysiology or etiology. The positive vs. negative distinction is sometim...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Andreasen NC

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data provided by case managers in community support programs are used to analyze the problems of families providing shelter to mentally ill relatives. Factors affecting complaints in 345 family households are contrasted with factors leading to complaints in a subsample of 622 other residential alternatives. Behavioral...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Gubman GD,Tessler RC,Willis G

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our study investigated premorbid functioning, course, and outcome in early-onset schizophrenia. All inpatients with DSM-III-R diagnoses of schizophrenia (n = 101) consecutively admitted between 1983 and 1988 to the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the University of Marburg in Germany were included. To ...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Fleischhaker C,Schulz E,Tepper K,Martin M,Hennighausen K,Remschmidt H

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical descriptions of perceptual and attentional anomalies in schizophrenia emphasize phenomena such as flooding, or inundation, by sensory stimuli. A failure of sensory "gating" mechanisms in the brain is hypothesized to account for these symptoms, and this hypothesis has led to a marked interest in their putative...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Bunney WE Jr,Hetrick WP,Bunney BG,Patterson JV,Jin Y,Potkin SG,Sandman CA

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients with schizophrenia can sometimes report strange face illusions when staring at themselves in the mirror; such experiences have been conceptualized as anomalous self-experiences that can be experienced with a varying degree of depersonalization. During adolescence, anomalous self-experiences can also be indica...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Fonseca-Pedrero E,Badoud D,Antico L,Caputo GB,Eliez S,Schwartz S,Debbané M

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The "Praecox Feeling" (PF) is a classical concept referring to a characteristic feeling of bizarreness experienced by a psychiatrist while encountering a person with schizophrenia. Although the PF used to be considered a core symptom of the schizophrenia spectrum, it fell into disuse since the spread of operationalize...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Gozé T,Moskalewicz M,Schwartz MA,Naudin J,Micoulaud-Franchi JA,Cermolacce M

更新日期：2019-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:This study compared the performance of 39 biological relatives of persons with schizophrenia to that of 30 normal adult controls on graphesthesia processing, a complex somatosensory processing task. The relatives performed significantly worse on the graphesthesia task compared to the healthy controls. The relatives an...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Chang BP,Lenzenweger MF

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schizophrenia is a disabling clinical syndrome found across the world. While the incidence and clinical expression of this illness are strongly influenced by ethnic factors, it is unclear whether patients from different ethnicities show distinct brain deficits. In this multicentre study, we used structural Magnetic Re...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Gong Q,Dazzan P,Scarpazza C,Kasai K,Hu X,Marques TR,Iwashiro N,Huang X,Murray RM,Koike S,David AS,Yamasue H,Lui S,Mechelli A

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased latency of stimulus encoding is presented as a central deficit in schizophrenia cognition. Encoding, here, entails the internal representation of presenting stimuli in a format facilitating their implementation in other cognitive processes, such as those taking place in working memory. Historical roots of su...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Neufeld RW

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A frontostriatal hypothesis of schizophrenia is advanced which takes into account evidence from studies of neurochemical pathology, functional imaging, cognitive neuropsychology, and experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, in addition to factor analyses of the symptomatic heterogeneity of this disorder. This evi...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Robbins TW

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cigarette smoking was consistently found to be more prevalent in individuals with schizophrenia than in other psychiatric groups and the general population. These findings have been interpreted as evidence of a specific association between schizophrenia and smoking. However, the supporting data come primaril...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Kotov R,Guey LT,Bromet EJ,Schwartz JE

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Stressful life events have been implicated in the onset of psychotic disorders, but there are few robust studies. We sought to examine the nature and magnitude of associations between adult life events and difficulties and first-episode psychoses, particularly focusing on contextual characteristics, including...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Beards S,Fisher HL,Gayer-Anderson C,Hubbard K,Reininghaus U,Craig TJ,Di Forti M,Mondelli V,Pariante C,Dazzan P,Murray R,Morgan C

更新日期：2020-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Abnormalities in the neurophysiological measures P300 amplitude and latency constitute endophenotypes for psychosis. Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) has been proposed as a promising susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, and a previous study has suggested that it is associated with P300 deficits in sc...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Shaikh M,Hall MH,Schulze K,Dutt A,Li K,Williams I,Walshe M,Constante M,Broome M,Picchioni M,Toulopoulou T,Collier D,Stahl D,Rijsdijk F,Powell J,Murray RM,Arranz M,Bramon E

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The establishment of the new diagnostic category, Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD), has stimulated biological studies of patients with this disorder. Such studies offer the potential of better understanding the diagnosis and treatment of SPD as well as more clearly defining the boundaries of the schizophrenic di...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Siever LJ

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study describes the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS), a new validated measure of perceptual anomalies. The 32-item CAPS measure is a reliable, self-report scale, which uses neutral language, demonstrates high content validity, and includes subscales that measure distress, intrusiveness, and frequency of ...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Bell V,Halligan PW,Ellis HD

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies of nonclinical samples exhibiting schizotypal traits have provided support for the existence of a continuous distribution of psychotic symptoms in the general population. Few studies, however, have examined the neural correlates of psychometric schizotypy using structural and diffusion tenso...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： DeRosse P,Nitzburg GC,Ikuta T,Peters BD,Malhotra AK,Szeszko PR

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The design of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) with item levels ranging from 1 to 7 leads to the trivial result that the 30-item scale's zero level (no symptoms) is 30. This causes serious problems when ratios are calculated which always implicitly depend on a natural zero point (equals 0). Recent publ...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Obermeier M,Mayr A,Schennach-Wolff R,Seemüller F,Möller HJ,Riedel M

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research into tardive dyskinesia, an involuntary movement disorder secondary to chronic neuroleptic treatment, has so far produced conflicting results with no clear clinical applications. Heterogeneous diagnostic criteria, research designs, and rating scales, plus an emphasis on single-drug trials, are probably respon...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Nasrallah HA

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report an analysis of a large catchment area sample of patients with nonaffective functional psychoses presenting across all ages at onset. The male:female ratio was 1.56:1 in the 16-25-year age group; it reached unity around 30 years of age and declined to 0.38:1 in the 66-75-year group. Contrary to expectation, a...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Castle DJ,Murray RM

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A greater understanding of the links between cognitive and social functioning changes is needed to refine cognitive treatments for schizophrenia. To date, studies have been cross-sectional, and few have investigated the impact of cognitive change. This single-blind randomized controlled trial explored the links betwee...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Reeder C,Smedley N,Butt K,Bogner D,Wykes T

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endophenotypes represent intermediate phenotypes on the putative causal pathway from the genotype to the phenotype. They offer a potentially valuable strategy to examine the molecular etiopathology of complex behavioral phenotypes such as schizophrenia. Neurocognitive and neurophysiological impairments that suggest fu...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Prasad KM,Keshavan MS

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies indicate a high prevalence of childhood trauma in patient cohorts with established psychotic disorder and in those at risk of developing psychosis. A causal link between childhood trauma and development of psychosis has been proposed. We aimed to examine the association between experience of childhood trauma a...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Thompson AD,Nelson B,Yuen HP,Lin A,Amminger GP,McGorry PD,Wood SJ,Yung AR

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in psychopharmacology have produced medications with substantial efficacy in the treatment of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and the prevention of relapse or symptom exacerbation after an acute episode. In the clinical setting, the individual patient's acceptance or rejection of prescribed ph...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Fenton WS,Blyler CR,Heinssen RK

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We found diurnal weight gain to be abnormal among 93 chronically psychotic patients, most of whom had schizophrenia. They were weighed at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. weekly for 3 weeks. We normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the differenc...

journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin

authors： Vieweg WV,Godleski LS,Graham P,Kellogg EJ,Goldman F,Barber J,Bayliss EV,Glick JL,Hundley PL,Yank GR

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00