A selective review of recent North American long-term followup studies of schizophrenia.

Abstract:

:North American outcome studies of schizophrenia conducted within the past quarter century are reviewed if their minimum average followup is 10 years and they meet at least some modern design criteria. Ten such investigations are described and summarized. Taken as a whole, they demonstrate that schizophrenia can be a chronic disease whose outcome on the average is worse than that of other major mental illnesses. It is associated with an increased risk for suicide, physical illness, and mortality. The schizophrenic process, however, is not relentlessly progressive, as originally described, but appears to plateau after 5-10 years of manifest illness. Overall, outcome is heterogeneous, but much of the variance can be linked to sample characteristics, including expressions of psychopathology (broad vs. narrow diagnostic criteria, subtypes, and comorbidity), dimensions of chronicity (length of manifest illness, treatment resistance, age of onset, and institutionalization), and other predictor variables (gender, marital status, socioeconomic status, physical setting, and premorbid health). Long-term followup studies have yet to demonstrate clearly any effect of treatment on the natural history of schizophrenia. Finally, these studies support a broad definition of schizophrenia.

journal_name

Schizophr Bull

journal_title

Schizophrenia bulletin

authors

McGlashan TH

doi

10.1093/schbul/14.4.515

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1988-01-01 00:00:00

pages

515-42

issue

4

eissn

0586-7614

issn

1745-1701

journal_volume

14

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Measuring deviant eye tracking.

    abstract::The two indices that have been proposed for quantifying the accuracy of smooth-following eye movements are shown to be interchangeable. This algebraic fact will permit comparability of values between laboratories only if workers who employ the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) as their index measure S and N as the total sig...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/7.2.204

    authors: Lykken DT,Iacono WG,Lykken JD

    更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00

  • Does change in cannabis use in established psychosis affect clinical outcome?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Cannabis use has been identified as a potent predictor of the earlier onset of psychosis, but meta-analysis has not indicated that it has a clear effect in established psychosis. AIM:To assess the association between cannabis and outcomes, including whether change in cannabis use affects symptoms and functi...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr152

    authors: Barrowclough C,Emsley R,Eisner E,Beardmore R,Wykes T

    更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00

  • Sex differences in concordance rates for schizophrenia: finding or artifact?

    abstract::The literature on schizophrenia has reported a trend toward higher concordance rates for females in both monozygotic and dizygotic same-sexed twins. The validity of this finding is open to question. Rosenthal (1961 and 1962) pointed out that females are more likely than males to become inhabitants of chronic wards. Mo...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/4.1.14

    authors: Samuels L

    更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00

  • Predictors of Treatment-Resistant and Clozapine-Resistant Schizophrenia: A 12-Year Follow-up Study of First-Episode Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders.

    abstract::Studies on the long-term development and early predictors of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and clozapine-resistant TRS (CR-TRS) in patients with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (FES) are limited and have not considered the impact of early intervention services (EIS). This study aimed to explor...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa145

    authors: Chan SKW,Chan HYV,Honer WG,Bastiampillai T,Suen YN,Yeung WS,Lam M,Lee WK,Ng RMK,Hui CLM,Chang WC,Lee EHM,Chen EYH

    更新日期:2020-10-12 00:00:00

  • Association between learning capabilities and practice-related activation changes in schizophrenia.

    abstract::The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated the neural correlates of practice-associated activation changes in patients with schizophrenia and their association with symptom severity. A group of patients (n = 24) were divided into more successful and less successful learners and were asked to ...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbq028

    authors: Koch K,Wagner G,Schachtzabel C,Schultz C,Sauer H,Schlösser RG

    更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00

  • Neurocognitive assessment in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) project schizophrenia trial: development, methodology, and rationale.

    abstract::Patients with schizophrenia are severely impaired in crucial aspects of neurocognitive function. This impairment is the strongest clinical correlate of poor long-term outcome and adaptive dysfunction. Reports of neurocognitive enhancement with second generation antipsychotic medications have thus offered promise for i...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006990

    authors: Keefe RS,Mohs RC,Bilder RM,Harvey PD,Green MF,Meltzer HY,Gold JM,Sano M

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Neurological Soft Signs Predict Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Patients With Schizophrenia.

    abstract::Neurological soft signs (NSS) are well documented in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), yet so far, the relationship between NSS and specific symptom expression is unclear. We studied 76 SZ patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine associations between NSS, positive symptoms, gray matter volume (G...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa146

    authors: Wolf RC,Rashidi M,Schmitgen MM,Fritze S,Sambataro F,Kubera KM,Hirjak D

    更新日期:2020-10-24 00:00:00

  • What predicts a good response to cognitive remediation interventions?

    abstract::Cognitive remediation is a behavioral intervention designed to improve cognition in people who have suffered a decline in neuropsychological functioning. The application of cognitive remediation for people with schizophrenia has become increasingly popular. In this article we attempt to determine what factors moderate...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbi045

    authors: Medalia A,Richardson R

    更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00

  • The Schizophrenia Care and Assessment Program Health Questionnaire (SCAP-HQ): an instrument to assess outcomes of schizophrenia care.

    abstract::Advances in treatment technologies and development of evidence-based standards of care demand better methods for routine assessment of outcomes for schizophrenia in systems of care. This article describes the development and psychometrics of a new instrument to assess outcomes of routine care for persons with schizoph...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007001

    authors: Lehman AF,Fischer EP,Postrado L,Delahanty J,Johnstone BM,Russo PA,Crown WH

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Contingency valuation and preferences of health states associated with side effects of antipsychotic medications in schizophrenia.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct validity and the test-retest reliability of the willingness to pay (WTP) method for estimating health state preferences associated with side effects of antipsychotic medication. Ninety-six schizophrenia patients on antipsychotics were asked (1) how much they w...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006903

    authors: Sevy S,Nathanson K,Schechter C,Fulop G

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cortical Contributions to Distinct Symptom Dimensions of Catatonia.

    abstract::Catatonia is a central aspect of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and most likely associated with abnormalities in affective, motor, and sensorimotor brain regions. However, contributions of different cortical features to the pathophysiology of catatonia in SSD are poorly understood. Here, T1-weighted structural...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sby192

    authors: Hirjak D,Kubera KM,Northoff G,Fritze S,Bertolino AL,Topor CE,Schmitgen MM,Wolf RC

    更新日期:2019-10-24 00:00:00

  • Influence of emotional processing on working memory in schizophrenia.

    abstract::Research on emotional processing in schizophrenia suggests relatively intact subjective responses to affective stimuli "in the moment." However, neuroimaging evidence suggests diminished activation in brain regions associated with emotional processing in schizophrenia. We asked whether given a more vulnerable cognitiv...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbq009

    authors: Becerril K,Barch D

    更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00

  • The phenomenological critique and self-disturbance: implications for ultra-high risk ("prodrome") research.

    abstract::Recent years have witnessed widespread interest in the early phase of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Strategies have been introduced to attempt to identify individuals in the prepsychotic or prodromal phase. The most widely used of these approaches is the ultra-high risk (UHR) approach, which combines kn...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm094

    authors: Nelson B,Yung AR,Bechdolf A,McGorry PD

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • Prenatal influenza infections and adult schizophrenia.

    abstract::We reported previously that residents of Greater Helsinki, Finland, whose mothers were exposed to the 1957 influenza epidemic during their second trimester of gestation had a significantly elevated risk of developing adult schizophrenia. The majority of the replication studies to date have not determined whether the m...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/20.2.263

    authors: Mednick SA,Huttunen MO,Machón RA

    更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00

  • Synapse Pathology in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Postsynaptic Elements in Postmortem Brain Studies.

    abstract::Changed synapse density has been suggested to be involved in the altered brain connectivity underlying schizophrenia (SCZ) pathology. However, postmortem studies addressing this topic are heterogeneous and it is not known whether changes are restricted to specific brain regions. Using meta-analysis, we systematically ...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz060

    authors: Berdenis van Berlekom A,Muflihah CH,Snijders GJLJ,MacGillavry HD,Middeldorp J,Hol EM,Kahn RS,de Witte LD

    更新日期:2020-02-26 00:00:00

  • Lifetime Prevalence and Correlates of Schizophrenia-Spectrum, Affective, and Other Non-affective Psychotic Disorders in the Chinese Adult Population.

    abstract::Lifetime prevalence of psychotic disorders varies widely across studies. Epidemiological surveys have rarely examined prevalences of specific psychotic disorders other than schizophrenia, and the majority used a single-phase design without employing clinical reappraisal interview for diagnostic verification. The curre...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx056

    authors: Chang WC,Wong CSM,Chen EYH,Lam LCW,Chan WC,Ng RMK,Hung SF,Cheung EFC,Sham PC,Chiu HFK,Lam M,Lee EHM,Chiang TP,Chan LK,Lau GKW,Lee ATC,Leung GTY,Leung JSY,Lau JTF,van Os J,Lewis G,Bebbington P

    更新日期:2017-10-21 00:00:00

  • Long-term course of adolescent schizophrenia.

    abstract::Our study investigated premorbid functioning, course, and outcome in early-onset schizophrenia. All inpatients with DSM-III-R diagnoses of schizophrenia (n = 101) consecutively admitted between 1983 and 1988 to the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the University of Marburg in Germany were included. To ...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbi014

    authors: Fleischhaker C,Schulz E,Tepper K,Martin M,Hennighausen K,Remschmidt H

    更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00

  • Schizophrenia, psychosis, and cerebral spinal fluid homovanillic acid concentrations.

    abstract::Neuroleptic drugs block brain dopamine receptors and are effective in treating psychoses of diverse origins. This finding has become a cornerstone of the dopamine theory of schizophrenia, but clinical studies relating schizophrenia, per se, to brain dopamine metabolism have ranged from controversial to negative. This ...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/23.1.147

    authors: Maas JW,Bowden CL,Miller AL,Javors MA,Funderburg LG,Berman N,Weintraub ST

    更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00

  • Using Machine Learning in Psychiatry: The Need to Establish a Framework That Nurtures Trustworthiness.

    abstract::The rapid embracing of artificial intelligence in psychiatry has a flavor of being the current "wild west"; a multidisciplinary approach that is very technical and complex, yet seems to produce findings that resonate. These studies are hard to review as the methods are often opaque and it is tricky to find the suitabl...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz105

    authors: Chandler C,Foltz PW,Elvevåg B

    更新日期:2020-01-04 00:00:00

  • Effort-Based Decision Making: A Novel Approach for Assessing Motivation in Schizophrenia.

    abstract::Because negative symptoms, including motivational deficits, are a critical unmet need in schizophrenia, there are many ongoing efforts to develop new pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for these impairments. A common challenge of these studies involves how to evaluate and select optimal endpoints. Currentl...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv071

    authors: Green MF,Horan WP,Barch DM,Gold JM

    更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00

  • A randomized trial of the efficacy and safety of the H3 antagonist ABT-288 in cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:ABT-288 is a highly potent histamine-3 receptor antagonist that has demonstrated pro-cognitive effects in preclinical models relevant to schizophrenia. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of two doses of ABT-288 in the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. METHODS:A ran...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt240

    authors: Haig GM,Bain E,Robieson W,Othman AA,Baker J,Lenz RA

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacogenetic Associations of Antipsychotic Drug-Related Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

    abstract::Although weight gain is a serious but variable adverse effect of antipsychotics that has genetic underpinnings, a comprehensive meta-analysis of pharmacogenetics of antipsychotic-related weight gain is missing. In this review, random effects meta-analyses were conducted for dominant and recessive models on association...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw058

    authors: Zhang JP,Lencz T,Zhang RX,Nitta M,Maayan L,John M,Robinson DG,Fleischhacker WW,Kahn RS,Ophoff RA,Kane JM,Malhotra AK,Correll CU

    更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00

  • Sex differences in schizophrenia: a commentary.

    abstract::A critique is offered of Samuels' article suggesting that reported sex differences in concordance rates for schizophrenia are either methodological artifacts or a function of sociological processes. Evidence of sex differences in age of onset, clinical expression, concordance rates among primary relatives, and premorb...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/5.1.4

    authors: Lewine RR

    更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00

  • Rejecting the patient: preliminary validation of a self-report scale.

    abstract::The authors describe an easily administered scale being developed to assess the rejecting feelings of family respondents toward former mental patients who return to live with their families. Based upon a sample of 133 discharged mental patients and family members, the scale demonstrates a moderately high reliability (...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/5.2.220

    authors: Kreisman DE,Simmens SJ,Joy VD

    更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00

  • Characteristics of Korean-Americans with schizophrenia: a cross-ethnic comparison with African-Americans, Latinos, and Euro-Americans.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was (1) to identify the demographic and psychosocial characteristics of Korean-Americans with schizophrenia, and (2) to compare the demographic and psychosocial characteristics of Korean-Americans with schizophrenia to African-American, Latino, and Euro-American individuals with schizophrenia...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006974

    authors: Bae SW,Brekke JS

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • The association between childhood trauma and memory functioning in schizophrenia.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Both neurocognitive impairments and a history of childhood abuse are highly prevalent in patients with schizophrenia. Childhood trauma has been associated with memory impairment as well as hippocampal volume reduction in adult survivors. The aim of the following study was to examine the contribution of childh...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp096

    authors: Shannon C,Douse K,McCusker C,Feeney L,Barrett S,Mulholland C

    更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00

  • Explaining Delusions: Reducing Uncertainty Through Basic and Computational Neuroscience.

    abstract::Delusions, the fixed false beliefs characteristic of psychotic illness, have long defied understanding despite their response to pharmacological treatments (e.g., D2 receptor antagonists). However, it can be challenging to discern what makes beliefs delusional compared with other unusual or erroneous beliefs. We sugge...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw194

    authors: Feeney EJ,Groman SM,Taylor JR,Corlett PR

    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00

  • Psychotic controls in schizophrenia research.

    abstract::Schizophrenia is but one form of psychosis; therefore, it is important to control for the psychotic factor in studies of the schizophrenic syndrome. A survey was done of 478 articles in 15 major psychiatric and psychological journals to determine the frequency of controls for psychosis in schizophrenia research. The s...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/7.4.729

    authors: Ritzler BA,Rinehart K

    更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00

  • Adolescent Stress as a Driving Factor for Schizophrenia Development-A Basic Science Perspective.

    abstract::Schizophrenia has been associated with heightened stress responsivity in adolescence that precedes onset of psychosis. We now report that multiple stressors during adolescence in normal rats leads to deficits in adults analogous to that seen in schizophrenia patients. Moreover, impairment of stress control by lesion o...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx033

    authors: Gomes FV,Grace AA

    更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00

  • The New York High-Risk Project: a followup report.

    abstract::The New York High-Risk Project began in 1971 as a prospective, longitudinal study of (1) children of one or two schizophrenic parents and (2) comparison groups of children whose parents had other or no psychiatric disorders. The former were examined because they were known to be at high risk--some 10-25 percent for ch...

    journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1093/schbul/13.3.451

    authors: Erlenmeyer-Kimling L,Cornblatt B

    更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00