Abstract:
:A total of 52 strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus were examined for production of bacteriocins. A majority (63%) demonstrated inhibitory activity against all members of a four-species grouping of Lactobacillus leichmannii, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Lactobacillus lactis. Four L. acidophilus strains with this activity also inhibited Streptococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus fermentum, suggesting a second system of antagonism. Under conditions eliminating the effects of organic acids and hydrogen peroxide, no inhibition of other gram-positive or -negative genera was demonstrated by L. acidophilus. The agent produced by L. acidophilus N2 and responsible for inhibition of L. leichmannii, L. bulgaricus, L. helveticus, and L. lactis was investigated. Ultrafiltration studies indicated a molecular weight of approximately 100,000 for the crude inhibitor. The agent was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and retained full activity after 60 min at 100 degrees C (pH 5). Activity against sensitive cells was bactericidal but not bacteriolytic. These characteristics identified the inhibitory agent as a bacteriocin, designated lactacin B. Examination of strains of L. acidophilus within the six homology groupings of Johnson et al. (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:53-68, 1980) demonstrated that production of the bacteriocin lactacin B could not be used in classification of neotype L. acidophilus strains. However, the usefulness of employing sensitivity to lactacin B in classification of dairy lactobacilli is suggested.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Barefoot SF,Klaenhammer TRdoi
10.1128/AEM.45.6.1808-1815.1983subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-06-01 00:00:00pages
1808-15issue
6eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We previously demonstrated that xanthobaccin A from the rhizoplane bacterium Lysobacter sp. strain SB-K88 suppresses damping-off disease caused by Pythium sp. in sugar beet. In this study we focused on modes of Lysobacter sp. strain SB-K88 root colonization and antibiosis of the bacterium against Aphanomyces cochlioid...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.7.3786-3796.2005
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microbial transformation of [N-methyl-(sup14)C]aldicarb, a carbamate pesticide, occurred in aquifer, lake, and salt marsh sediments. Microbial degradation of aldicarb took place within 21 days in aquifer sediments from sites previously exposed to aldicarb (Jamesport, Long Island, N.Y.) but did not occur in sedimen...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.8.2820-2829.1995
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two highly active trifunctional hemicellulases were constructed by linking the catalytic portion of a xylanase with an arabinofuranosidase and a xylosidase, using either flexible peptide linkers or linkers containing a cellulose-binding domain. The multifunctional enzymes retain the parental enzyme properties and exhi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02181-08
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A resting culture of Rhizopus arrhizus (ATCC 11145) transformed verrucarin A into 16-hydroxyverrucarin A, whereas R. arrhizus transformed verrucarin B into a mixture of 16-hydroxyverrucarin B and 3'-hydroxyverrucarin A. Relative to verrucarins A and B, the 16-hydroxy derivatives showed marked increases in activity, as...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.46.2.480-483.1983
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial partners play important roles in the biology and ecology of animals. In insects, maternally transmitted symbionts are especially common and can have host effects ranging from reproductive manipulation to nutrient provisioning and defense against natural enemies. In this study, we report a genus-wide associat...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02299-17
更新日期:2018-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on the cell membranes of Escherichia coli of 2.45-GHz microwave (MW) treatment under various conditions with an average temperature of the cell suspension maintained at 37°C in order to examine the possible thermal versus nonthermal effects of short-duration MW expo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00789-14
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::When mixed ruminal bacteria were inoculated into semicontinuous cultures (25% transfer every other day) containing lactate, dulcitol, pectin, or xylose and Trypticase (1 g/liter) as the sole nitrogen source, the specific activity of ammonia production increased. The greatest enrichment was observed with lactate and xy...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.4.872-877.1988
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-throughput sequencing of the taxonomically informative 16S rRNA gene provides a powerful approach for exploring microbial diversity. Here we compare the performances of two common "benchtop" sequencing platforms, Illumina MiSeq and Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM), for bacterial community profiling by 16...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02206-14
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the agent of Lyme disease in North America, has consequences for the performance of serological diagnostic tests and disease severity. To investigate B. burgdorferi diversity in Canada, where Lyme disease is emerging, bacterial DNA in 309 infected adult Ixod...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02636-10
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhizonin is a hepatotoxic cyclopeptide isolated from cultures of a fungal Rhizopus microsporus strain that grew on moldy ground nuts in Mozambique. Reinvestigation of this fungal strain by a series of experiments unequivocally revealed that this "first mycotoxin from lower fungi" is actually not produced by the fungus...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01784-06
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Light-dependent regulation of cell cycle progression in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus strain WH-8101 was demonstrated through the use of flow cytometry. Our results show that, similar to eucaryotic cells, marine Synechococcus spp. display two gaps in DNA synthesis, at the beginning and at the end of the cell...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.2.425-432.1989
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor-like proteins were found to be distributed widely in streptomycetes by using the combination of the convenient, newly developed plate assay system and an established liquid culture assay. Almost all the strains formerly categorized as Streptoverticillium species produced proteins that...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.12.4338-4341.1993
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our purpose was to develop a rapid, inexpensive method of diagnosing the source of fecal pollution in water. In previous research, we identified Bacteroides-Prevotella ribosomal DNA (rDNA) PCR markers based on analysis. These markers length heterogeneity PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism distin...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.10.4571-4574.2000
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A membrane filter procedure has been developed for the rapid quantitation of C. perfringens in the aquatic environment. Background growth is inhibited by the use of D-cycloserine, polymyxin B sulfate, and incubation at 45 degrees C. Differential characteristics include the fermentation of sucrose, production of acid p...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.37.1.55-66.1979
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A nonmotile, gram-positive, spherical organism was isolated from the intestinal tracts of rabbits. Both hydrogen and methanol were required for growth. No methane was produced from hydrogen-carbon dioxide, formate, acetate, methylamines, ethanol, or isopropanol. The optimum pH was 6.8, and the optimum temperature was ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.3.768-771.1988
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Water delivered by dental unit water systems (DUWS) in general dental practices can harbor high numbers of bacteria, including opportunistic pathogens. Biofilms on tubing within DUWS provide a reservoir for microorganisms and should be controlled. This study compared disinfection products for their ability to meet the...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.72.2.1380-1387.2006
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The quorum sensing (QS) system controls bacterial group behaviors in response to cell density. In vibrios, LuxR and AphA are two master QS regulators (MQSRs) controlling gene expression in response to high or low cell density. Other regulators involved in the regulation of these two MQSRs and QS pathways remain to be ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00444-18
更新日期:2018-05-31 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:High-throughput sequencing (HTS) is revolutionizing environmental surveys of microbial diversity in the three domains of life by providing detailed information on which taxa are present in microbial assemblages. However, it is still unclear how the relative abundance of specific taxa gathered by HTS correlat...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00560-16
更新日期:2016-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the importance of human noroviruses (NoVs) in public health, little information concerning the effectiveness of ozone against NoVs is available. We determined the efficacy of ozone disinfection using murine norovirus (MNV) as a surrogate of human NoV. MNV in ozone demand-free buffer was exposed to a predetermi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01955-09
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recalcitrance of xenobiotics may be caused by an absence of transforming enzymes or by their inability to enter microbial cells. A nondestructive method for differentiating between these two possibilities is described. The solid n-alkanes octadecane (C(18)) and hexatriacontane (C(36)) were encapsulated into phosph...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.2.269-274.1989
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. This study was an initial evaluation of the presence of indicator microbes and pathogens and the association among the indicator microbes, pathogens, and environmental conditions...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02127-09
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is the first report on the fate of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in simulated human colonic conditions. The pathogen was progressively eliminated from the bioreactor and did not modify the major populations of resident microbiota. The coadministration of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 probi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03303-12
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A gene, pfa1, encoding an autotransporter was cloned from a pathogenic Pseudomonas fluorescens strain, TSS, isolated from diseased fish. The expression of pfa1 is enhanced during infection and is regulated by growth phase and growth conditions. Mutation of pfa1 significantly attenuates the overall bacterial virulence ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00159-09
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few studies, if any, have addressed the adhesion of enterococci to the intestinal mucosa and their interference with the adhesion of pathogens, although more than 60% of probiotic preparations in the market contain strains of enterococci. The objective of this study was to investigate if Enterococcus faecium 18C23 has...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.10.4200-4204.2000
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methanogenic bacteria, which are presently identified on the basis of cell morphology and substrate conversion to CH(4), can be differentiated from nonmethanogens and identified in pure or mixed culture on the basis of their autofluorescence under ultraviolet illumination. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.33.3.713-717.1977
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have cloned and sequenced the Cercospora nicotianae gene for the carotenoid biosynthetic enzyme phytoene dehydrogenase. Analysis of the derived amino acid sequence revealed it has greater than 50% identity with its counterpart in Neurospora crassa and approximately 30% identity with prokaryotic phytoene dehydrogena...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.8.2766-2771.1994
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Azotobacter vinelandii OP was grown to stationary phase in defined medium. The cell-free culture medium was analyzed for cytokinin content by XAD-2 and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, tobacco callus bioassay, and enzyme immunoassay. Three cytokinin-active fractions were detected and tentative...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.1.266-267.1989
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyanase catalyzes the decomposition of cyanate into CO(2) and ammonium, with carbamate as an unstable intermediate. The cyanase of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 was negatively regulated by ammonium and positively regulated by cyanate, cyanide, and some cyanometallic complexes. Cyanase activity was not detecte...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00916-08
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initial microbial colonization of tooth surfaces is a repeatable and selective process, with certain bacterial species predominating in the nascent biofilm. Characterization of the initial microflora is the first step in understanding interactions among community members that shape ensuing biofilm development. Usi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.72.4.2837-2848.2006
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vortex flow filtration (VFF) was used to concentrate viruses and dissolved DNA from freshwater and seawater samples taken in Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Bahamas Bank. Recoveries of T2 phage and calf thymus DNA added to artificial seawater and concentrated by VFF were 72.8 and 80%, respectively. Virus concentr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.8.2197-2204.1991
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00