Abstract:
:We compared set-related premotor cortex activity in two conditional motor tasks. In both tasks, a rhesus monkey moved its forelimb to one of two possible targets on the basis of visuospatial instruction stimuli. One target was located to the left of the limb's starting position, the other to the right. In the directional task, a white light situated within the target provided the instruction. In the arbitrary task, colored instruction stimuli equidistant from the targets established an arbitrary relationship between stimulus and response. One hypothesis about set-related premotor cortex activity is that it contributes to the preparation for limb movement on the basis of sensory instruction stimuli. If set-related activity differed profoundly in the arbitrary and directional tasks, then that hypothesis would be untenable. Out of 403 task-related premotor cortex neurons in two monkeys, 130 neurons showed set-related activity, and we studied 118 cells in detail. The vast majority (81%) of these 118 neurons showed no significant difference between the two tasks in set-related activity. When set-related activity did differ, the greatest activity usually occurred after arbitrary instructions; the opposite being the case for only 5% of our sample. Differences in activity during the two tasks, even when statistically significant, were generally small. The present results accord with the hypothesis that set-related premotor cortex activity reflects aspects of motor preparation.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Kurata K,Wise SPdoi
10.1007/BF00247578subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-01-01 00:00:00pages
327-43issue
2eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Second-order vestibular neurons of frogs receive converging monosynaptic excitatory and disynaptic excitatory and inhibitory inputs following electrical pulse stimulation of an individual semicircular canal nerve on the ipsilateral side. Here we revealed, in the in vitro frog brain, disynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210000544
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The static ocular torsional position of both eyes of 23 patients was measured by means of fundus photographs one day before and one week after unilateral vestibular neurectomy for the treatment of acoustic neuroma, Ménière's disease or paroxysmal vertigo. The results showed that in all patients the vestibular neurecto...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00230003
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The superior colliculus has long been recognized as an important structure in the generation of saccadic displacements of the visual axis. Neurons with presaccadic activity encoding saccade vectors are topographically organized and form a "motor map." Recently, neurons with fixation-related activity have been recorded...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00243221
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been proposed that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) mediates response inhibition and conflict resolution through the fronto-basal ganglia pathways. Our aim was to compare the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN on reactive and proactive inhibition and conflict resolution in Parkinson's disease using...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3457-9
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::During everyday life, healthy adults occasionally trip over an obstacle that they knew was there. These 'spontaneous' trips can provide insight into the circumstances leading to trips and falls. The goal of this study was to describe the errors in foot placement and/or foot elevation that resulted in a spontaneous con...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3253-y
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The uptake of L-glutamate was studied in astrocytes cultured from different brain areas of newborn rats as well as in two different cultures of neurons obtained from mouse brain. Both astrocytes and neurons exhibited high-affinity glutamate uptake with Km values ranging from 34 microM to 82 microM. Vmax values for ast...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00239385
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fluorescent double-labeling technique has been used to determine whether the corticopontine and the corticotectal fibers in the cat are derived from two different sets of neurons or whether they are derived from branching neurons which distribute collaterals to the pontine grey and the colliculi. After unilateral ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00269447
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The contribution of ventral stream information to the variability of movement has been the focus of much attention, and has provided numerous researchers with conflicting results. These results have been obtained through the use of discrete pointing movements, and as such, do not offer any explanation regarding how ve...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0453-3
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neural activity in area 7a and the arm area of motor cortex was recorded while real or path-guided apparent motion stimuli were presented to behaving monkeys in the absence of a motor response. A smooth stimulus motion was produced in the real motion condition, whereas in the apparent motion condition five stimuli...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1664-5
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::During voluntary movement, muscle spindles of both the agonist and antagonist muscles potentially can supply information about position of the limb. Muscle vibration is known to increase muscle spindle discharge and cause systematic distortions of limb position sense in humans. The following two experiments attempted ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02423506
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitivity to binocular positional mismatch was evaluated in cat striate cortical neurones, for paired, dichoptically presented, moving sine-wave gratings whose interocular positional phase relationship was varied. Spatial frequency, orientation and velocity were optimized for each neurone. Binocular responses for ea...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00227086
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrical stimulation with repetitive pulses (6/sec) was applied to the internal medullary lamina and produced tonic contraversive turning movements of eyes and head which were associated with recruiting responses in the visual cortex. Optical gratings of a spatial frequency of 0.5 c/deg which alternated with diffuse...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00234015
更新日期:1976-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::Muscle activity patterns in some complex human jaw muscles appear to be task sensitive. However, it is presently uncertain how changes in motor task affect motor unit (MU) behaviour in the human temporalis muscle. In this study, activity was recorded from 40 MUs in the anterior region of the muscle. The lowest sustain...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00230303
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a new form of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) -mediated regulation of the inactivation and of the recovery from inactivation of the L-type Ca2+ current (I(Ca)) in crayfish muscle. GABA (1 mM) was applied during a 2-min period and the peak I(Ca) was measured using two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings 30 mi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210000445
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age on the modulation of forces produced by the digits and to determine the effects of practice on the control of these forces in young and older adults. Young (n = 14, 19-28 years) and old (n = 12, 67-75 years) adults used a precision grip to perform a variable for...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-005-2342-6
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a late-onset, neurodegenerative disease associated with the loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem and primary motor cortex. Deficit in the motor function is one of the clinical features of this disease. However, the association between adverse morphological alterat...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05969-7
更新日期:2020-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Two rhesus monkeys were trained to make saccadic eye movements from a central fixation point towards a peripheral target. Saccadic reaction times (SRTs) were measured in the gap paradigm (200 ms pause between offset of fixation point and onset of peripheral target). Target position for extensive training (SRTs of 150 ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00230109
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gabapentin's main clinical use is in the treatment of neuropathic pain where its binding to neuronal alpha-2/delta subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) is critical to its mechanism of action. Over the past 10 years, there have been several reports of gabapentin also having anti-nausea and anti-emetic eff...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-014-3905-1
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some experimental evidence suggests that grasping should be regarded as independent control of the thumb and the index finger (digit control hypothesis). To investigate this further, we compared how the tips of the thumb and the index finger moved in space when grasping spheres to how they moved when they were hitting...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2756-2
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultured rat hippocampal neurons with short processes were investigated using the whole cell voltage clamp under conditions appropriate for isolating Na+ currents. After incubation of the neuron culture for a period of 15-30 min in 1 mM sodium valproate, several parameters of the Na+ current were changed. The peak Na+...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228395
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Olfactory neurones of Xenopus laevis were studied by the patch clamp technique under voltage-clamp conditions. Isolated receptor cells were obtained by dissociating the olfactory mucosa in a Ca(2+)-free solution. Usually some of the resulting isolated olfactory cells lost all of their cilia during the dissociation pro...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231774
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacology of synaptic transmission was studied in slices of rat piriform cortex using the selective non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist 6.7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) and the selective NMDA receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (D-AP5). DNQX produced a dose-dependent blockade of synapt...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231264
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discrete wavelet analysis is used to resolve the center of pressure time series data into several timescale components, providing new insights into postural control. Healthy young and elderly participants stood quietly with their eyes open or closed and either performed a secondary task or stood quietly. Without visio...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1915-1
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The habenulo-interpeduncular system of the rat constitutes an interesting model to address quantitatively problems related to synaptogenesis and to the interactions between neuronal populations after selective alteration of these elements during development. In the present study this has been achieved by experimentall...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00227241
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early postnatal application of thyroid hormones to rats results in morphological changes in septum and hippocampus. Modulation in the expression of either neurotrophins and/or their receptors is postulated to be responsible for these effects. In the present study we tested whether thyroxine administration leads to cha...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050313
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During normal postnatal development, there is an overproduction and subsequent partial elimination of the callosal projections of cortical areas 17 and 18 in the cat. In the present study, we investigated how neonatal splitting of the optic chiasm affects this process. Our results indicate that neonatal splitting of t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00242013
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bradykinin is an endogenous nonapeptide known to induce pain and hyperalgesia to heat and mechanical stimulation. Correspondingly, it excites nociceptors in various tissues and sensitizes them to heat, whereas sensitizing effect on the mechanical response of nociceptors is not well established. Protein kinase C and TR...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1814-5
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The electrophysiological properties of the two major glial cell types in cultures from the regenerating goldfish optic nerve/tract were studied with patch-clamp techniques. Spindle-shaped cells express myelin proteins. These oligodendrocyte-like cells possess outwardly rectifying currents, do not show glutamate activa...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231855
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the role of additional perceptual information (finger touch) and additional mechanical support (hand grasp) on the anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) associated with fast arm movements performed by standing subjects. The subjects performed fast, unilateral shoulder ante-flexion movements while st...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210000492
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clear vision of objects moving in three-dimensional space near an observer is attained by a combination of smooth-pursuit and vergence eye movements. The two systems must interact with the vestibular system to maintain the image of the object on the fovea. Previous studies showed that training with smooth-pursuit vest...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1777-x
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00