Abstract:
:Academic research on dinoflagellate, the primary causative agent of harmful algal blooms (HABs), is often hindered by the coexistence with bacteria in laboratory cultures. The development of axenic dinoflagellate cultures is challenging and no universally accepted method suit for different algal species. In this study, we demonstrated a promising approach combined density gradient centrifugation, antibiotic treatment, and serial dilution to generate axenic cultures of Karenia mikimotoi (KMHK). Density gradient centrifugation and antibiotic treatments reduced the bacterial population from 5.79 ± 0.22 log10 CFU/mL to 1.13 ± 0.07 log10 CFU/mL. The treated KMHK cells were rendered axenic through serial dilution, and algal cells in different dilutions with the absence of unculturable bacteria were isolated. Axenicity was verified through bacterial (16S) and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and DAPI epifluorescence microscopy. Axenic KMHK culture regrew from 1000 to 9408 cells/mL in 7 days, comparable with a normal culture. The established methodology was validated with other dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense (AT6) and successfully obtained the axenic culture. The axenic status of both cultures was maintained more than 30 generations without antibiotics. This efficient, straightforward and inexpensive approach suits for both armored and unarmored dinoflagellate species.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Lee TC,Chan PL,Tam NF,Xu SJ,Lee FWdoi
10.1038/s41598-020-80638-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-08 00:00:00pages
202issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-020-80638-xjournal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Tomato spotted wilt virus is a wide-spread plant disease in the world. It can threaten thousands of plants with a persistent and propagative manner. Early disease detection is expected to be able to control the disease spread, to facilitate management practice, and further to guarantee accompanying economic benefits. ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40066-y
更新日期:2019-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::It has been hypothesised that speed information, encoded by 'speed cells', is important for updating spatial representation in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex to reflect ongoing self-movement during locomotion. However, systematic characterisation of speed representation is still lacking. In this study, we compa...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58194-1
更新日期:2020-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Ge-monopnictides (GeAs) plays critical role in high-tech industry, especially in the field of advanced optical devices and infrared. As a secondary material, coal fly ash could be further recycled to retrieve germanium and prepare GeAs material with high added values. Hence, the aim of this paper is to propose a one-p...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03398-1
更新日期:2017-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Weight regain is one of the most common problems in the long-term after bariatric surgery. It is unknown if high-intensity exercise programs applied in late phases of post-surgical follow-up could counteract this trend. After a 3-year follow-up, 21 patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy were randomized into an exercise...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60044-z
更新日期:2020-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::Lignosus rhinocerotis (Tiger milk mushroom) is an important folk medicine for indigenous peoples in Southeast Asia. We previously reported its de novo assembled 34.3 Mb genome encoding a repertoire of proteins including a putative bioactive fungal immunomodulatory protein. Here we report the cDNA of this new member (F...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep30010
更新日期:2016-07-27 00:00:00
abstract::Successful recruitment of new individuals is essential for recovery of degraded coral reefs. Enhancing supply of coral larvae increases initial settlement, however post-settlement survival can be influenced by density-dependent processes. We investigated the influence of larval density on settlement, colony abundance ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62366-4
更新日期:2020-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::Highly invasive animal based test procedures for risk assessment such as the Draize eye test are under increasing criticism due to poor transferability for the human organism and animal-welfare concerns. However, besides all efforts, the Draize eye test is still not completely replaced by alternative animal-free metho...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-33118-2
更新日期:2018-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::Spatiotemporal tracking of tracer particles or objects of interest can reveal localized behaviors in biological and physical systems. However, existing tracking algorithms are most effective for relatively low numbers of particles that undergo displacements smaller than their typical interparticle separation distance....
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23488-y
更新日期:2018-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::Immune parameters show characteristic normal baseline levels and variance in the population. We characterised the degree of inter-individual and within-individual variation over one-year time period in 33 immune cell subsets by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 43 healthy young adult volunteers...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51294-7
更新日期:2019-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, a computer-generated moiré profilometry was proposed by our research group. It can effectively avoid the influence of the transient caused by moiré fringes' direct acquisition and generally owns a higher accuracy. But when the spatial spectrum of the captured deformed pattern is severely aliased caused by th...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44186-3
更新日期:2019-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::α-glucosidase is an essential enzyme located at the brush border of intestines. It is an important therapeutic target for type II diabetes. Herein we have designed a library of novel α-arylketones as inhibitors of α-glucosidase (yeast origin) via scaffold hopping and bioisosteric modification of known inhibitors of α-...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13798-y
更新日期:2017-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the entire blood system throughout life and are utilized in therapeutic approaches for blood diseases. Prospective isolation of highly purified HSCs is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of HSCs. The zebrafish is an elegant genetic model for th...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50672-5
更新日期:2019-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::As a two-dimensional material, graphene has attracted increasing attention as heat dissipation material owing to its excellent thermal transport property. In this work, we fabricated sisal nanocrystalline cellulose/functionalized graphene papers (NPGs) with high thermal conductivity by vacuum-assisted self-assembly me...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38106-0
更新日期:2019-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::Editing in microRNAs, particularly in seed can significantly alter the choice of their target genes. We show that out of 13 different human tissues, different regions of brain showed higher adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing in mature miRNAs. These events were enriched in seed sequence (73.33%), which was not obser...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02397-6
更新日期:2017-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::We here describe the dc magnetic field over the human head produced by healthy hair follicles when the scalp is lightly pressed. This phenomenon was briefly reported decades earlier, where a double-planar SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices) gradiometer at a single location was used. We here perform a ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52110-y
更新日期:2019-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Perception can often be described as a statistically optimal inference process whereby noisy and incomplete sensory evidence is combined with prior knowledge about natural scene statistics. Previous evidence has shown that humans tend to underestimate the speed of unreliable moving visual stimuli. This finding has bee...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep14054
更新日期:2015-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Current approaches to predicting a cardiovascular disease (CVD) event rely on conventional risk factors and cross-sectional data. In this study, we applied machine learning and deep learning models to 10-year CVD event prediction by using longitudinal electronic health record (EHR) and genetic data. Our study cohort i...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36745-x
更新日期:2019-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major human pathogen, which causes superficial to lethal clinical infections. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the blood and are the first defense mechanism against S. aureus infections. Here we show Staphylococcal Superantigen-Like protein 11 (SSL...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40817-x
更新日期:2019-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::In patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) under statin treatment, the influence of on-treatment level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on cardiovascular (CV) events is controversial. Statin-treated patients were selected from the Taiwanese Secondary Prevention for patients with Ath...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78828-8
更新日期:2020-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital ptosis may be associated with abnormalities of visual development and function, including amblyopia, strabismus and refractive errors. However, the prevalence estimates of these abnormalities vary widely. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of amblyopia, strabismus ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26671-3
更新日期:2018-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to identify promising biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer and evaluate the prognosis of lung cancer patients. Genome-wide mRNA expression data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE19188, GSE18842 and GSE40791), including 231 primary tumor samples and 210 normal samples, were used...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08615-5
更新日期:2017-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane fouling remains an obstacle to wide-spread applications of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for wastewater treatment and reclamation. Herein, we report a simple method to prepare a composite conductive microfiltration (MF) membrane by introducing a stainless steel mesh into a polymeric MF membrane and to effective...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep09268
更新日期:2015-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Regarding the basics of ear structure-function relationships in fish, the actual motion of the solid otolith relative to the underlying sensory epithelium has rarely been investigated. Otolith motion has been characterized based on a few experimental studies and on approaches using mathematical modeling, which have yi...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21367-0
更新日期:2018-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Bioprosthetic valves for tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) have become increasingly popular in recent years, but mechanical valves remain valuable, particularly for the patients who want to avoid reoperation for bioprostheses malfunction. The aim of this study was to review our 10-year experience in adult patients who...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35142-8
更新日期:2018-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::There is an urgent need to quantify anthropogenic influence on forest carbon stocks. Using satellite-based radar imagery for such purposes has been challenged by the apparent loss of signal sensitivity to changes in forest aboveground volume (AGV) above a certain 'saturation' point. The causes of saturation are debate...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03469-3
更新日期:2017-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::State of charge (SOC) is a crucial index used in the assessment of electric vehicle (EV) battery storage systems. Thus, SOC estimation of lithium-ion batteries has been widely investigated because of their fast charging, long-life cycle, and high energy density characteristics. However, precise SOC assessment of lithi...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61464-7
更新日期:2020-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::Brain metastasis is a significant unmet clinical problem in breast cancer treatment. It is always associated with poor prognosis and high morbidity. Recently, Slit2/Robo1 pathway has been demonstrated to be involved in the progression of breast carcinoma. However, until present, there are no convincing reports that su...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep14430
更新日期:2015-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to explore the development of mental rotation ability throughout life by comparing different kinds of stimuli. Thirty-six children (6-9 years-old), 30 young (20-28 years-old) and 30 elderly people (60-82 years-old) performed mental rotation tasks with abstract (i.e. two-dimensional lines) and concrete...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37729-7
更新日期:2019-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::There is relatively little literature on adjuvant radiotherapy after radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision (RNU) for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). This study was designed to determine the efficacy of adjuvant radiotherapy for patients with pT3N0M0 UTUC. We retrospectively revie...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep38175
更新日期:2016-12-02 00:00:00
abstract::In the highly interconnected architectures of the cerebral cortex, recurrent intracortical loops disproportionately outnumber thalamo-cortical inputs. These networks are also capable of generating neuronal activity without feedforward sensory drive. It is unknown, however, what spatiotemporal patterns may be solely at...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18097-0
更新日期:2018-01-12 00:00:00