Abstract:
:The BRENDA enzyme database (https://www.brenda-enzymes.org), established in 1987, has evolved into the main collection of functional enzyme and metabolism data. In 2018, BRENDA was selected as an ELIXIR Core Data Resource. BRENDA provides reliable data, continuous curation and updates of classified enzymes, and the integration of newly discovered enzymes. The main part contains >5 million data for ∼90 000 enzymes from ∼13 000 organisms, manually extracted from ∼157 000 primary literature references, combined with information of text and data mining, data integration, and prediction algorithms. Supplements comprise disease-related data, protein sequences, 3D structures, genome annotations, ligand information, taxonomic, bibliographic, and kinetic data. BRENDA offers an easy access to enzyme information from quick to advanced searches, text- and structured-based queries for enzyme-ligand interactions, word maps, and visualization of enzyme data. The BRENDA Pathway Maps are completely revised and updated for an enhanced interactive and intuitive usability. The new design of the Enzyme Summary Page provides an improved access to each individual enzyme. A new protein structure 3D viewer was integrated. The prediction of the intracellular localization of eukaryotic enzymes has been implemented. The new EnzymeDetector combines BRENDA enzyme annotations with protein and genome databases for the detection of eukaryotic and prokaryotic enzymes.
journal_name
Nucleic Acids Resjournal_title
Nucleic acids researchauthors
Chang A,Jeske L,Ulbrich S,Hofmann J,Koblitz J,Schomburg I,Neumann-Schaal M,Jahn D,Schomburg Ddoi
10.1093/nar/gkaa1025subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-08 00:00:00pages
D498-D508issue
D1eissn
0305-1048issn
1362-4962pii
5992283journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Transfer RNAGlu4 was isolated from Drosophila melanogaster by affinity chromatography. The tRNA was iodinated "in vitro" with Na[25I] and hybridized "in situ" to salivary gland chromosomes from Drosophila. Subsequent autoradiography allowed the localization of the genes for tRNAGlu4 to the right arm of the second chro...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/5.5.1465
更新日期:1978-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromatin core particles near physiological ionic strength undergo a reversible transition induced by changes in pH near neutrality. While sedimentation studies indicate no significant effect on size or shape, changes in tyrosine fluorescence anisotropy and in circular dichroism suggest a somewhat looser structure at ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/12.10.4351
更新日期:1984-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD) (http://www.hprd.org) was developed to serve as a comprehensive collection of protein features, post-translational modifications (PTMs) and protein-protein interactions. Since the original report, this database has increased to >20 000 proteins entries and has become the largest...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkj141
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, the ferric uptake regulator FurA functions as a global transcriptional regulator. Despite several analyses have focused on elucidating the FurA-regulatory network, the number of target genes described for this essential transcription factor is limited to a handf...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gku123
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alternative splicing and polyadenylation were observed pervasively in eukaryotic messenger RNAs. These alternative isoforms could either be consequences of physiological regulation or stochastic noise of RNA processing. To quantify the extent of stochastic noise in splicing and polyadenylation, we analyzed the alterna...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gks1271
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic recombination in meiosis plays an important role in generating diversity of genetic information. In yeast an Escherichia coli RecA-like gene, DMC1, is expressed in meiotic prophase and its product co-localizes with Rad51 protein on zygotene chromosomes. We have cloned the mouse and human homologs of the yeast ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/24.3.470
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to maintaining the GenBank(R) nucleic acid sequence database, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides analysis and retrieval resources for the data in GenBank and other biological data available through NCBI's web site. NCBI resources include Entrez, the Entrez Programming Utiliti...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkm1000
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) web portal (http://www.mousephenotype.org) provides the biomedical community with a unified point of access to mutant mice and rich collection of related emerging and existing mouse phenotype data. IMPC mouse clinics worldwide follow rigorous highly structured and ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkt977
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequencies of occurrence of four bases in the first, second and third codon positions and in the total coding sequences have been calculated by the codon usage table published in 1990 by Ikemura et al. The distribution of frequencies are further analysed in detail by a graphic technique presented recently by us. ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/19.22.6313
更新日期:1991-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::The products of many bacterial non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) are highly important secondary metabolites, including vancomycin and other antibiotics. The ability to predict substrate specificity of newly detected NRPS Adenylation (A-) domains by genome sequencing efforts is of great importance to identify an...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkr323
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Restriction fragments containing established curved regions, such as the pBR322 tn3 region, the phage lambda attP region and the SV40 T-antigen and terminus of replication regions, exhibit systematically retarded elution upon anion exchange based HPLC. Using this method, we were able to detect readily other SV40 curve...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/19.15.4181
更新日期:1991-08-11 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The PubMed® database of biomedical citations allows the retrieval of scientific articles studying the function of chemicals in biology and medicine. Mining millions of available citations to search reported associations between chemicals and topics of interest would require substantial human time. We have im...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gku432
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial DNA is a sensitive target of chemical carcinogens (Backer and Weinstein (1980) Science 209, 297-299), suggesting that mutations of the mitochondrial genome occur in tumor cells. We examined this point by comparing mitochondrial DNA sequences in four rat tumors with those of normal rat liver. Some novel m...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/11.6.1635
更新日期:1983-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Bcg I and Bcg I-like restriction endonucleases cleave double stranded DNA specifically on both sides of their asymmetric recognition sequences which are interrupted by several ambiguous base pairs. Their heterosubunit structure, bifunctionality and stimulation by AdoMet make them different from other classified restri...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/25.22.4444
更新日期:1997-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Many bacterial plasmids replicate by an asymmetric rolling-circle mechanism that requires sequence-specific recognition for initiation, nicking of one of the template DNA strands and unwinding of the duplex prior to subsequent leading strand DNA synthesis. Nicking is performed by a replication-initiation protein (Rep)...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkw689
更新日期:2016-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::The exact sites at which a number of drugs inhibit the nick translation of DNA by E.coli DNA polymerase-I have been pinpointed. In order to do this, a method has been developed for sequencing double-stranded plasmid DNA from the site of a specifically induced nick. The initial experiments have concentrated on analysis...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/10.22.7273
更新日期:1982-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::U1 snRNP plays a crucial role in the 5' splice site recognition during splicing. Here we report the first example of naturally occurring U1-independent U2-type splicing in humans. The U1 components were not included in the pre-spliceosomal E complex formed on the human F1gamma (hF1gamma) intron 9 in vitro. Moreover, h...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkp050
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The B-subunits associated with the replicative DNA polymerases are conserved from Archaea to humans, whereas the corresponding catalytic subunits are not related. The latter belong to the B and D DNA polymerase families in eukaryotes and archaea, respectively. Sequence analysis places the B-subunits within the calcine...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkh558
更新日期:2004-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::The detailed conformational features and dynamics of the naturally occurring deoxyribotrinucleoside diphosphates d-TpTpT and d-TpTpC have been investigated at 20 degrees C and 80 degrees C in aqueous solution by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The observed NMR parameters indicate that the conformational prope...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/5.11.4399
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-protein coding RNAs that direct the widespread phenomenon of post-transcriptional regulation of metazoan genes. The mature approximately 22-nt long RNA molecules are processed from genome-encoded stem-loop structured precursor genes. Hundreds of such genes have been experimentally val...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkn707
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pac1+ gene of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is essential for viability and its overexpression induces sterility and suppresses mutations in the pat1+ and snm1+ genes. The pac1+ gene encodes a protein that is structurally similar to RNase III from Escherichia coli, but its normal function is unknown. ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/24.12.2377
更新日期:1996-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::A long-range physical map of the centromeric region of human chromosome 7 has been constructed in order to define the region containing sequences with potential involvement in centromere function. The map is centered around alpha satellite DNA, a family of tandemly repeated DNA forming arrays of hundreds to thousands ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/19.9.2295
更新日期:1991-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::Upon infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage Qβ, the virus-encoded β-subunit recruits host translation elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-Ts and ribosomal protein S1 to form the Qβ replicase holoenzyme complex, which is responsible for amplifying the Qβ (+)-RNA genome. Here, we use X-ray crystallography, NMR spect...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1212
更新日期:2015-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::RJ2.2.5, a mutant derived from the human B-lymphoma cell, Raji, is unable to express the MHC class II genes because of a recessive transcriptional defect attributed to the lack of an activator function. We report the isolation of a RJ2.2.5 revertant, namely AR, in which the expression of the mRNAs encoded by these gen...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/21.3.381
更新日期:1993-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::Two of the tRNA's found in rabbit reticulocytes are substrates for a post-transcriptional modification leading to the incorporation of guanine into the polynucleotide chain. The major guanylated tRNA was previously identified as tRNA (His). In the present report we show that the minor guanylated tRNA is tRNA (Asn), an...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/3.10.2521
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that transcriptional regulation is affected by DNA methylation. Understanding the perturbation of DNA methylation-mediated regulation between transcriptional factors (TFs) and targets is crucial for human diseases. However, the global landscape of DNA methylation-mediated transcr...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa041
更新日期:2020-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::This is a study of the effect of total and partial deuteration of solvent on critical temperatures and profiles of all four reactions occurring in poly(A) x n poly(U) (n = 1 or 2) aqueous systems. The study was done at observational times not longer than hydrogen exchange times at base pairs in helically ordered struc...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/8.18.4283
更新日期:1980-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::The human transcription factor EF-1A binds to the purine-rich E1A core enhancer sequence in the adenovirus E1A and E4 and polyomavirus enhancer regions. The consensus binding site for EF-1A resembles that of members of the ets domain protein family. EF-1A activation of transcription requires a dimeric binding site. An...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/20.24.6555
更新日期:1992-12-25 00:00:00
abstract::The web software CHOP was developed to visualize the 'wobbling' in the third codon position of aligned DNA sequences. The simple features of this tool allow users to easily find regions suspected of containing coding sequences (CDSs). The program also allows visualization of the nucleotide diversity between two genomi...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkh448
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motif3D is a web-based protein structure viewer designed to allow sequence motifs, and in particular those contained in the fingerprints of the PRINTS database, to be visualised on three-dimensional (3D) structures. Additional functionality is provided for the rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, enabling finge...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkg534
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00