Abstract：
:As Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) transcends its cultural boundaries and becomes widely used in many countries around the world, one of the major risks to the growing use of TCM internationally is the damage caused to its reputation and to community safety when TCM practitioners are not adequately trained. Ensuring the quality and competency of TCM practitioners is a fundamental requirement. This paper covers (1) the current level of regulation of education and training of TCM practitioners particularly in countries with well developed health systems; (2) the progress of self regulatory standards for education and training developed by international organizations and (3) the potential role of ISO/TC 249 in assisting these initiatives.
journal_name
Pharmacol Resjournal_title
Pharmacological researchauthors
Li J,Graham Ddoi
10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105217subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-01 00:00:00pages
105217eissn
1043-6618issn
1096-1186pii
S1043-6618(20)31525-5journal_volume
161pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Results presented in this study demonstrate an association between the L-Histidine-mediated enhancement of H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and the formation of DNA double strand breakage (DSB), whereas no relationship exists between the increased cytotoxic response and DNA single strand breakage (SSB). Indeed, the higher le...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/1043-6618(94)80041-3
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the field of kinase inhibitors for applications in cancer research, tubulin is emerging as a targeted cellular protein that can significantly contribute to their activities. However, investigation of kinase inhibitors beyond the kinome is an area often neglected. Herein, we describe the results of pharmacological s...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.023
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We aimed to examine the effects of KTO-7924 (beta3-adrenoceptor agonist) on lipid metabolism and mRNA expressions in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RP WAT) in obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats using DNA microarray. Oral KTO-7924 for 28 days significantly decreased RP WAT weight, plasma triglyceride, free fatty acid, an...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2005.05.014
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we have investigated the vasodilator response to acetylcholine under diabetic conditions in isolated renal arteries of Wistar rats. The effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on acetylcholine-induced vasodilator response was investigated. We have also examined the effects of two endothelium-de...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1043-6618(03)00109-9
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was performed in order to investigate the cholinomimetic response of seminal vesicles isolated from rats treated with hydrocortisone acetate during perinatal life. At the adult phase, the body weight and the wet weight of the seminal vesicle of these animals were unchanged. However, these male rats exhibite...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy has dramatically increased survival rates and substantially modified the course of HIV infection, which has now become a chronic disease both in adults and in children. Treatment strategies in paediatric patients have to face with specific challenges associated with...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 社论,评审
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2011.01.007
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic autosomal dominant disorder caused by an impaired receptor-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) removal from the circulation, mainly due to disruptive autosomal co-dominant mutations in the LDL receptor (LDLr) gene, but also less frequently in the apolipoprotein B100 (...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.016
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When chemerin was discovered in 1997, it was relegated to being a protein associated with the normal skin function contrasting the setting of psoriasis. However, with the discovery of multiple receptors for the chemerin protein and a vast collection of associations with various pathologies, chemerin has global influen...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.018
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This survey is a compendium of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity information of analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs and antipyretics. Data from 120 drugs were collected; 109 of them are still in the market. Of these 120 drugs, 58 (48.3%) do not have retrievable genotoxicity or carcinogenicity data. The remaining 62 (51...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2009.03.007
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flibanserin has been reported to be an agonist at 5-HT1A-receptors and an antagonist at 5-HT2A receptors, with higher affinity for 5-HT1A receptors. Despite the fact that less receptor occupation is required by full agonists than by antagonists to exert their effects, flibanserin was shown to exert 5-HT2A antagonism a...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/phrs.2000.0762
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are mitochondrial enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines in multiple tissues, including the brain. Elevated MAO activity has long been implicated in the etiology of depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative disease, fuelling the search for inhibitors in the prevention and treatment...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2009.01.014
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extrasynaptically located γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors type A are often characterized by the presence of a δ subunit in the receptor complex. δ-Containing receptors respond to low ambient concentrations of GABA, or respond to spillover of GABA from the synapse, and give rise to tonic inhibitory currents. In ce...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.014
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male weanling Wistar rats were fed a 4% cholestyramine diet and used as a model to demonstrate that a reduction in serum low density lipoproteins stimulates de novo cholesterogenesis leading to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Feeding this diet resulted in a decrease in serum very low density lipoproteins and low...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/1043-6618(89)90195-3
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biotechnologicals are an invaluable resource in the treatment of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) non-responsive or intolerant to conventional therapies. However, they are the main driver for increase in direct costs and represent a significant economic burden to healthcare systems worldwide. Since ...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104467
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells continuously turn over proteins through cycles of synthesis and degradation in order to maintain a functional proteome and to exert a tight control in the levels of regulatory proteins. Selective degradation of proteins was initially thought to be an exclusive function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, however...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.002
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested the efficacy of novel cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors in counteracting glia-driven neuroinflammation induced by the amyloidogenic prion protein fragment PrP90-231 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In search for molecules with higher efficacy than celecoxib, we focused our study on its 2,3-diaryl-1,3-thiazolid...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.010
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorative potential of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonist, in tibial and sural nerve transection-induced neuropathic pain in rats. The pinprick, cold immersion, hot plate and hot immersion tests were performed to a...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2009.02.001
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have suggested additional beneficial effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors including the lipid-lowering effect; however, results on lipid profile are controversial. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors treatment on lipid levels in patients ...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105068
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some antihistamines (mainly terfenadine and astemizole) have been demonstrated to cause QT interval prolongation and, in some cases, torsade-de-pointes. We investigated the cardiac electrophysiological effects of brompheniramine, a conventional antihistamine. Brompheniramine was reported to prolong QT interval in isol...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2006.08.004
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common and serious complication of diabetes and causes kidney failure. Ginsenoside Rg5 (Rg5) is an important monomer in the main protopanaxadiol component of black ginseng. Rg5 has exhibited some beneficial biological effects, such as anti-cancer, neuroprotection, and anti-depression, bu...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104746
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids depends, at least in part, on the induction of two regulatory proteins, lipocortin and vasocortin, both preventing the release of inflammatory mediators. Lipocortin inhibits phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and therefore reduces arachidonic acid metabolites formation. Vasocortin ...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1043-6618(05)80058-1
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacological profile of PF-00885706, a selective 5-HT(4) receptor partial agonist, was investigated. PF-00885706 displayed a high binding affinity for the human 5-HT(4d) receptor with a K(i) of 3.7 nM that translates to functional agonist activity in vitro with EC(50) values of 4.0 nM and 6.6 nM in cell-based a...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2009.03.013
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Expression of abnormally long polyglutamine (polyQ) tracks is the source of a range of dominant neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington disease. Currently, there is no treatment for this devastating disease, although some chemicals, e.g., metformin, have been proposed as therapeutic solutions. In this work, we ...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105105
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adaptive responses to stress are critical to enhance physical and mental well-being, but excessive or prolonged stress may cause inadaptability and increase the risks of psychiatric disorders, such as depression. GABABR signaling is fundamental to brain function and has been identified in neuropsychiatric disorders. K...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105355
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer immunotherapies are dramatically reshaping the clinical management of oncologic patients. For many of these therapies, the guidelines for administration, monitoring, and management of associated toxicities are still being established. This is especially relevant for adoptively transferred, genetically-modified ...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.035
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of flumazenil (FLU) on plasma protein binding of diazepam (DZ), nordiazepam (ND) and oxazepam (OX) was determined in plasma from drug-naive dogs to which graded concentrations of tested drugs alone and in combination were added. The results revealed that as the concentration of FLU added to plasma alone was...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1043-6618(05)80018-0
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asthma and COPD make up the majority of obstructive airways diseases (OADs), which affects ∼11 % of the population. The main drugs used to treat OADs have not changed in the past five decades, with advancements mainly comprising variations on existing treatments. The recent biologics are beneficial to only specific su...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105029
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic condition characterized by progressive scarring of lung parenchyma. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an ultramicronized preparation of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-um(®)), an endogenous fatty acid amide, in mice subjected to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Idiopathic pul...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.010
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The understanding of signaling cascades involved in the induction, promotion, and progression of cancer, although advanced in recent years, is still incomplete. Tracing the imbalance of the impaired, physiologically-essential cellular signaling that drives the neoplastic process is a complex issue. This review discuss...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2012.03.014
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paradoxical sleep deprivation in rats is considered as an experimental animal model of mania endowed with face, construct, and pharmacological validity. We induced paradoxical sleep deprivation by placing rats onto a small platform surrounded by water. This procedure caused the animal to fall in the water at the onset...
journal_title：Pharmacological research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.029
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
