Tuning T helper cell differentiation by ITK.

abstract：:Most of the effects of the signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) are mediated by the stimulation of the NO-sensitive GC (guanylate cyclase) and the subsequent increase in cGMP formation. The enzyme contains a prosthetic haem group, which mediates NO stimulation. In addition to the physiological activator NO, NO-sensit...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Koesling D,Mullershausen F,Lange A,Friebe A,Mergia E,Wagner C,Russwurm M

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synapses, points of contact between axons and dendrites, are conduits for the flow of information in the circuitry of the central nervous system. The strength of synaptic transmission reflects the interconnectedness of the axons and dendrites at synapses; synaptic strength in turn is modified by the frequency with whi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Richter JD

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isolation and purification of the [NiFe] hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F under aerobic conditions leads to a mixture of two states, Ni-A (unready) and Ni-B (ready). The two states are distinguished by different activation times and different EPR spectra. HYSCORE and ENDOR data and DFT calculations sho...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： van Gastel M,Fichtner C,Neese F,Lubitz W

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is clear evidence implicating oxidative stress in the pathology of many different neurodegenerative diseases. ROS (reactive oxygen species) are the primary mediators of oxidative stress and many of the aggregating proteins and peptides associated with neurodegenerative disease can generate hydrogen peroxide, a k...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Tabner BJ,El-Agnaf OM,German MJ,Fullwood NJ,Allsop D

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microscopes are used to characterize small objects with the help of probes that interact with the specimen, such as photons and electrons in optical and electron microscopies, respectively. In atomic force microscopy (AFM), the probe is a nanometric tip located at the end of a microcantilever which palpates the specim...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Moreno-Madrid F,Martín-González N,Llauró A,Ortega-Esteban A,Hernando-Pérez M,Douglas T,Schaap IA,de Pablo PJ

更新日期：2017-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) are a large family of structurally related proteins, which mediate their effects by coupling with G-proteins. Despite responding to a range of very diverse stimuli, these receptors exhibit a conserved tertiary structure comprising a bundle of seven TM (transmembrane) helices linked ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lawson Z,Wheatley M

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malaria during pregnancy is caused when parasite-infected erythrocytes accumulate within the placenta through interactions between the VAR2CSA protein on the infected erythrocyte surface and placental CSPGs (chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans). This interaction is the major target for therapeutics to treat or prevent p...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Khunrae P,Higgins MK

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Smoking is the main risk factor for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) but genetic factors are of importance, since only a subset of smokers develops the disease. Sex differences have been suggested both in disease prevalence and response to environmental exposures. Furthermore, it has been shown that acquis...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Svartengren M,Engström G,Anderson M,Hallberg J,Edula G,de Verdier MG,Dahlbäck M,Lindberg CM,Forsman-Semb K,Nihlén U,Fehniger TE

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data from experimental studies in animals and from epidemiological studies in humans suggest a link between insulin and cognitive performance. Do these results translate into clinical and therapeutic benefit for people with cognitive impairment? Insulin injected peripherally can readily cross the blood-brain barrier. ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Strachan MW

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The statins, simvastatin and atorvastatin are the most widely prescribed drugs. Statins lower cholesterol levels through their action on HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA) reductase, an essential enzyme for the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Fungal HMG-CoA reductases are also inhibited by statins, resulting in red...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wikhe K,Westermeyer C,Macreadie IG

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spliceosome is a macromolecular machine that carries out the excision of introns from eukaryotic pre-mRNAs and splicing together of exons. Four large RNA-protein complexes, called the U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs), and some non-snRNP proteins assemble around three short co...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Nagai K,Muto Y,Pomeranz Krummel DA,Kambach C,Ignjatovic T,Walke S,Kuglstatter A

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To maintain genomic stability, despite constant exposure to agents that damage DNA, eukaryotic cells have developed elaborate and highly conserved pathways of DNA damage sensing, signalling and repair. In this review, we concentrate mainly on what we know about DNA damage sensing with particular reference to Lcd1p, a ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bradbury JM,Jackson SP

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is clear that considerable conformational distortions may occur in peripheral proteins on interaction with anionic lipid bilayers. Specific lipid interactions do occur at least in the case of cytochrome c, and each perturbation and interaction may well take place before insertion into, or translocation across, a bi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Watts A

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria are able to conduct electrons from their cytoplasmic membrane across the periplasm and the outer membrane to redox proteins located on the surface of their cells. The Mtr respiratory pathway in Shewanella is the best-understood metal-reducing pathway to date. The core components o...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gralnick JA

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autophagosomes form in eukaryotic cells in response to starvation or to other stress conditions brought about by the unwanted presence in the cytosol of pathogens, damaged organelles or aggregated protein assemblies. The uniqueness of autophagosomes is that they form de novo and that they are the only double-membraned...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ktistakis NT,Karanasios E,Manifava M

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) has been successfully used to modify seed lipids in oilseed crops like soybean, canola and sunflower. Conventionally, PTGS has been induced by transforming the plants with either antisense or co-suppression constructs targeted against key seed lipid biosynthesis genes. A majo...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Singh S,Green A,Stoutjesdijk P,Liu Q

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional cardiomyocytes can now be derived routinely from hPSCs (human pluripotent stem cells), which collectively include embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. This technology presents new opportunities to develop pharmacologically relevant in vitro screens to detect cardiotoxicity, with a view to improving...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dick E,Rajamohan D,Ronksley J,Denning C

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TRP (transient receptor potential) channels comprise a superfamily of non-selective cation channels with at least seven subfamilies. The variety of subfamilies corresponds to the differences in the activation mechanisms and functions. TRPM3 (TRP melastatin 3) and TRPV4 (TRP vanilloid 3) have been characterized as cati...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Harteneck C,Reiter B

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a cobalt-containing modified tetrapyrrole that is an essential nutrient for higher animals. Its biosynthesis is restricted to certain bacteria and requires approximately 30 enzymatic steps for its complete de novo construction. Remarkably, two distinct biosynthetic pathways exist, which are ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Moore SJ,Warren MJ

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene are the primary cause of the severe autism spectrum disorder RTT (Rett syndrome). Deletion of Mecp2 in mice recapitulates many of the overt neurological features seen in humans, and the delayed onset of symptoms is accompanied by deficits in neuronal morphology and synaptic physiol...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cobb S,Guy J,Bird A

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GRIF-1 [GABA(A) (gamma-aminobutyric acid(A)) receptor interacting factor-1] is a member of a coiled-coil family of proteins thought to function as adaptors in the anterograde trafficking of organelles utilizing the kinesin-1 motor proteins to synapses. To study in more detail the molecular interaction between GRIF-1 a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pozo K,Stephenson FA

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is an indispensable tool for elucidating the structure and dynamics of insoluble and non-crystalline biomolecules. The recent advances in the sensitivity-enhancing technique magic-angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization (MAS-DNP) have substantially expanded the territ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Chakraborty A,Deligey F,Quach J,Mentink-Vigier F,Wang P,Wang T

更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Nicotinic ACh (acetylcholine) and 5-HT3 (5-hydroxytryptamine type-3) receptors are cation-selective ion channels of the Cys-loop transmitter-gated ion channel superfamily. Numerous lines of evidence indicate that the channel lining domain of such receptors is formed by the alpha-helical M2 domain (second transmembrane...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Peters JA,Carland JE,Cooper MA,Livesey MR,Deeb TZ,Hales TG,Lambert JJ

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the last 10 years, during the lifetime of the nitrogen cycle meetings, structural biology, coupled with spectroscopy, has had a major impact of our understanding enzymology of the nitrogen cycle. The three-dimensional structures for many of the key enzymes have now been resolved and have provided a wealth of info...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Butler CS,Richardson DJ

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oral and maxillofacial surgery is often challenging due to defective bone healing owing to the microbial environment of the oral cavity, the additional involvement of teeth and esthetic concerns. Insufficient bone volume as a consequence of aging and some oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, such as tumor resec...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Liu L,Chen Y,Song D,Huang D

更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The collagens of vertebrates may be divided into three groups according to chain size and whether or not the helical domains are continuous. Present evidence suggests that, at least within one of these groups, similarity between collagens is reflected in the organization of the genes that encode them. Early evidence s...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dalgleish R

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial hydrogenases have been harnessed to the removal of heavy metals from solution by reduction to less soluble metal species. For Pd(II), its bioreduction results in the deposition of cell-bound Pd(0)-nanoparticles that are ferromagnetic and have a high catalytic activity. Hydrogenases can also be used synthetic...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Macaskie LE,Baxter-Plant VS,Creamer NJ,Humphries AC,Mikheenko IP,Mikheenko PM,Penfold DW,Yong P

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous bacterial proteins involved in the nitrogen cycle, and other processes, require c-type haem as a cofactor. c-type cytochromes are formed by covalent attachment of haem to the conserved CXXCH motif. Here, we briefly review what is presently known about cytochrome c maturation in Bacillus subtilis with particul...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Crow A,Le Brun NE,Oubrie A

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among the several signalling pathways regulated by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins, the one activating NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB) is certainly one of the best characterized. The regulation of the activity of this transcription factor by members of the ubiquitin family occurs at various levels, imposing ov...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lang V,Rodríguez MS

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:UBDs [Ub (ubiquitin)-binding domains], which are typically small protein motifs of <50 residues, are used by receptor proteins to transduce post-translational Ub modifications in a wide range of biological processes, including NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) signalling and proteasomal degradation pathways. More than 20 fami...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Searle MS,Garner TP,Strachan J,Long J,Adlington J,Cavey JR,Shaw B,Layfield R

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00