Abstract:
:The activation of the majority of AGC kinases is regulated by two phosphorylation events on two conserved serine/threonine residues located on the activation loop and on the hydrophobic motif, respectively. In AGC kinase family, phosphomimetic substitutions with aspartate or glutamate, leading to constitutive activation, have frequently occurred at the hydrophobic motif site. On the contrary, phosphomimetic substitutions in the activation loop are absent across the evolution of AGC kinases. This observation is explained by the failure of aspartate and glutamate to mimic phosphorylatable serine/threonine in this regulatory site. By detailed 3D structural simulations of RSK2 and further biochemical evaluation in cells, we show that the phosphomimetic residue on the activation loop fails to form a critical salt bridge with R114, necessary to reorient the αC-helix and to activate the protein. By a phylogenetic analysis, we point at a possible coevolution of a phosphorylatable activation loop and the presence of a conserved positively charged amino acid on the αC-helix. In sum, our analysis leads to the unfeasibility of phosphomimetic substitution in the activation loop of RSK and, at the same time, highlights the peculiar structural role of activation loop phosphorylation.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Somale D,Di Nardo G,di Blasio L,Puliafito A,Vara-Messler M,Chiaverina G,Palmiero M,Monica V,Gilardi G,Primo L,Gagliardi PAdoi
10.1038/s41598-019-56937-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-17 00:00:00pages
591issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-019-56937-3journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Recent studies showed that anomalous dry conditions and limited moisture supply roughly between 1998 and 2008, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, led to reduced vegetation productivity and ceased growth in land evapotranspiration (ET). However, natural variability of Earth's climate system can degrade capabilities...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep15956
更新日期:2015-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Detecting communities or clusters in a real-world, networked system is of considerable interest in various fields such as sociology, biology, physics, engineering science, and interdisciplinary subjects, with significant efforts devoted in recent years. Many existing algorithms are only designed to identify the compos...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep24017
更新日期:2016-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at higher risk of developing lung cancer and its metastasis, but no suitable biomarker has been reported for differential diagnosis of these patients. Levels of serum biomarkers (VEGF, IL-8, MMP-9 and MMP-2) were analyzed in these patients, which were compared ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep36065
更新日期:2016-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial genomes exhibit diverse features among eukaryotes in the aspect of gene content, genome structure, and the mobile genetic elements such as introns and plasmids. Although the number of published mitochondrial genomes is increasing at tremendous speed, those of several lineages remain unexplored. Here, we ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41238-6
更新日期:2019-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep problems are considered a core symptom of depression. However, there is little information about the comorbidity of sleep problems and depression in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and whether sleep problems with depression confer additional risk for decrements in health compared to sleep problems alon...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48334-7
更新日期:2019-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::Hand size perceptual distortions characterize adult human cognition. Notwithstanding the importance of uncovering how hand size representation develops in humans, studies in this field are still at a preliminary stage. Indeed, it is yet to be understood whether hand size distortions are present and reliable in early c...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62206-5
更新日期:2020-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Current deep tissue microscopy techniques are mostly restricted to intensity mapping of fluorophores, which significantly limit their applications in investigating biochemical processes in vivo. We present a deep tissue multiplexed functional imaging method that probes multiple Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep13991
更新日期:2015-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::A relevant part of embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS) is assumed to be cardiogenic. As shown previously, certain biomarkers of endothelial pathology are related to atrial fibrillation (AF). In this long-term follow-up study, we aimed to investigate whether these biomarkers are associated with subsequently d...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55943-9
更新日期:2019-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::With aging, less blue light reaches the retina due to gradual yellowing of the lens. This could result in reduced activation of blue light-sensitive melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells, which mediate non-visual light responses (e.g., the pupillary light reflex, melatonin suppression, and circadian resetting)....
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep43832
更新日期:2017-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::Biocompatible surfaces hold key to a variety of biomedical problems that are directly related to the competition between host-tissue cell integration and bacterial colonisation. A saving solution to this is seen in the ability of cells to uniquely respond to physical cues on such surfaces thus prompting the search for...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep07122
更新日期:2014-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::(R-)miniCHOP therapy, which delivers approximately half-doses of the (R-)CHOP regimen, has shown efficacy and safety in patients who are more than 80 years old. This study aimed to compare the area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUCs) of vincristine (VCR), doxorubicin (DXR), and cyclophosphamide (CPA) bet...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80706-2
更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::We investigate the role of the spatial evolution of the acoustic field in stimulated Brillouin scattering processes in short high-gain structures. When the gain is strong enough that the gain length becomes comparable to the acoustic wave decay length of order 100 microns, standard approximations treating the acoustic...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep13656
更新日期:2015-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional cytokine that controls liver glycerolipid metabolism, is involved in activation and proliferation of several liver cell types during regeneration, a condition of high metabolic demands. Here we investigated the role of OPN in modulating the liver lipidome during regeneration after ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32919-9
更新日期:2018-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and platelet count (PC) were shown to be prognostic in several solid malignancies. We analysed 603 R0 resected patients to assess whether NLR, PLR and PC correlate with other well-known prognostic factors and survival of patients with colorectal ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01652-0
更新日期:2017-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::Solar conversion to fuels or to electricity in semiconductors using far red-to-near infrared (NIR) light, which accounts for about 40% of solar energy, is highly significant. One main challenge is the development of novel strategies for activity promotion and new basic mechanisms for NIR response. Mother Nature has ev...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep20001
更新日期:2016-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::An effective metal oxide coating with solution processes by the metal organic decomposition method as deposited at room temperature (RT) poses great challenge. In this study, we report the characterization and evaluation of the semiconductor properties of a zinc hydroxide thin film with RT just as deposition by soluti...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27953-6
更新日期:2018-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cell (DC)-derived exosomes (Dexo) contain the machinery necessary to activate potent antigen-specific immune responses. As promising cell-free immunogens, Dexo have been tested in previous clinical trials for cancer vaccine immunotherapy, yet resulted in limited therapeutic benefit. Here, we explore a novel ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep17622
更新日期:2015-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are at high risk of developing progressive liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). How HCV infection causes liver destruction has been of significant interest for many years, and apoptosis has been proposed as one operative mechanism. In ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep37433
更新日期:2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The process, how lipids are removed from the circulation and transferred from high density lipoprotein (HDL) - a main carrier of cholesterol in the blood stream - to cells, is highly complex. HDL particles are captured from the blood stream by the scavenger receptor, class B, type I (SR-BI), the so-called HDL receptor...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15949-7
更新日期:2017-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::Age-specific genetic and antigenic variations of influenza viruses have not been documented in tropical and subtropical regions. We implemented a systematic surveillance program in two tertiary hospitals in Hong Kong Island, to collect 112 A(H1N1)pdm09 and 254 A(H3N2) positive specimens from 2013 to 2014. Of these, 56...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep30260
更新日期:2016-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known on the causes and pathogenesis of the adipose tissue disorder (familial) Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (MSL). In a four-generation MSL-family, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in 3 affected individuals and 1 obligate carrier and identified Calcyphosine-like (CAPSL) as the most promising candi...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44382-1
更新日期:2019-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::The barnase-barstar complex is one of the most stable protein-protein complexes and has a very wide range of possible applications. Here we report the use of top-down mass spectrometry for the investigation of the structure of this complex, its ionization via ESI, isolation and fragmentation. It was found that the asy...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06507-2
更新日期:2017-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::We present a formulation of electromagnetic spin-orbit coupling in magneto-optic media, and propose an alternative source of spin-orbit coupling to non-paraxial optics vortices. Our treatment puts forth a formulation of nonreciprocal transverse-spin angular-momentum-density shifts for evanescent waves in magneto-optic...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep39972
更新日期:2017-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Granule cells at the input layer of the cerebellum comprise over half the neurons in the human brain and are thought to be critical for learning. However, little is known about granule neuron signaling at the population scale during behavior. We used calcium imaging in awake zebrafish during optokinetic behavior to re...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15938-w
更新日期:2017-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::Nettles are commonly consumed in South Africa, Europe and Asia and are used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments. In this study, the nutritional value of the leaves of nettles (Laportea alatipes and Obetia tenax) was evaluated and compared, when cooked and uncooked. The results showed a decrease in t...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67055-w
更新日期:2020-06-17 00:00:00
abstract::Globally breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women. The breast consists of epithelium, stroma and a mucosal immune system that make up a complex microenvironment. Growing awareness of the role of microbes in the microenvironment recently has led to a series of findings important for human health. ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep30751
更新日期:2016-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::Bark beetles often serve as forest damaging agents, causing landscape-level mortality. Understanding the biology and ecology of beetles are important for both, gathering knowledge about important forest insects and forest protection. Knowledge about the bark beetle gut-associated bacteria is one of the crucial yet sur...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75203-5
更新日期:2020-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) contain the structurally similar enzymes tyrosinases (TYRs) and catechol oxidases (COs). Two cDNAs encoding pro-PPOs from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The two pro-PPOs (SlPPO1-2) differ remarkably in their activity as SlPPO1 reac...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39687-0
更新日期:2019-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::Passive immunotherapy may have particular benefits for the treatment of severe influenza infection in at-risk populations, however little is known of the impact of passive immunotherapy on the formation of memory responses to the virus. Ideally, passive immunotherapy should attenuate the severity of infection while st...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep29154
更新日期:2016-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::Acquired cholesteatoma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by both hyperkeratinized squamous epithelial overgrowth and bone destruction. Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and subsequent inflammatory cytokine production are closely associated with inflammatory bone disease. However, the expression and fun...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep16683
更新日期:2015-12-07 00:00:00