Abstract:
:Human co-infection by helminth species is frequent, but their consequences are mostly unknown. Here, we investigate the impact of Strongyloides venezuelensis co-infection on the immune response, schistosome burden, and the associated pathology of schistosomiasis in mice. Co-infection did not alter the schistosome parasite burden, but reduced the IL-4/IL-10 ratio during acute schistosomiasis, indicating induction of modulatory mechanisms. Simultaneous infection with S. venezuelensis and S. mansoni increased the liver concentration of IFN-γ and altered the Th2/Th1 balance, leading to great infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, which resulted in larger liver inflammation and increased serum transaminase activity in comparison with mono-infected mice. Mice infected with S. venezuelensis at two and four weeks after S. mansoni infection showed significant increase of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cytokines and strong cellular infiltration in the liver in comparison with mono-infected mice. However, only in mice co-infected after two weeks of schistosomiasis, the liver immune response leads to more intense Th2 polarization, increased liver inflammation, and transaminase serum activity. S. venezuelensis co-infection during chronic schistosomiasis did not significantly alter liver inflammation. Therefore, S. venezuelensis co-infection affects the host immune responses and morbidity of schistosomiasis, but the effects largely depend on the stage of the S. mansoni infection.
journal_name
Cytokinejournal_title
Cytokineauthors
de Rezende MC,Moreira JMP,Fernandes LLM,Rodrigues VF,Negrão-Corrêa Ddoi
10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154931subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-03-01 00:00:00pages
154931eissn
1043-4666issn
1096-0023pii
S1043-4666(19)30360-6journal_volume
127pub_type
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