Abstract：
:Behavioral endpoints offer special challenges to toxicology. One arises from the sometimes conflicting ways in which adverse effects may be expressed. For example, both increases and decreases in response rates of schedule-controlled performance may be produced by a specific agent, depending on the specific schedule. Interpretations of such an outcome depend upon a close analysis of the experimental circumstances and the behavioral findings. Another arises from the many disparate variables that can influence a particular outcome. Accurate measures of sensory thresholds, for instance, depend upon precise means for delivering stimuli and upon appropriate psychophysical procedures. Such examples emphasize that quantification in behavioral toxicology is more than a matter of attaching numbers to some arbitrarily selected measure. Instead, meaningful quantification first requires that the investigator understand in principle the sources of the measures to which the numbers are being attached. This is especially critical when the measures are being used not for the relatively straightforward purpose of hazard identification, but for the more subtle aim of risk assessment and dose-response (effect) extrapolation. For these aims, behavioral microanalyses, based on the coordination of multiple measures in individual subjects, usually provide the most robust guides.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Weiss Bdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(88)90034-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-10-01 00:00:00pages
285-93issue
1-3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(88)90034-3journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Ambient and biological monitoring was undertaken among tobacco processors who are chronically exposed to tobacco particulates via nasopharyngeal and cutaneous routes. Ambient monitoring revealed that the inspirable dust concentration was 150-fold higher in the tobacco factory than in the control environment, and was a...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00097-1
更新日期：1999-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were exposed to various concentrations of L-asparaginase derived from Escherichia Coli. Protein synthesis was inhibited by about 33% and cellular glutamine was reduced proportionally to the enzyme concentration. However, protein synthesis was inhibited only by amounts of enzyme able...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(86)90113-x
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Iron plays a critical role in a mammal's physiological processes. However, iron tissue deposits have been shown to act as endocrine disrupters. Studies that evaluate the effect of acute iron overload on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis health are particularly sparse. This study demonstrates that acute iron ov...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.027
更新日期：2016-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:After toxicological studies with nitrate/nitrite in rats it was observed with nuclear magnetic resonance that N-methylnicotinamide (NMN), a metabolite of tryptophan was increased. The use of NMN as a biomarker for nitrate/nitrite exposure was investigated further in additional experiments with rats and in a human stud...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03306-8
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fluorocarbons containing chlorine or bromine have been associated with stratospheric ozone depletion and the search for suitable alternatives is progressing at an accelerated pace. The Program for Alternative Fluorocarbon Toxicity Testing (PAFT), an international group representing most of the world's CFC producers, h...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(93)90115-e
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 2001 the SCOOP (SCOOP: Scientific Co-operation on Questions relating to Food) task 3.2.10 "Collection of occurrence data of Fusarium toxins in food and assessment of dietary intake by the population of EU Member States" was established. The task was divided in three subtasks (zearalenone, fumonisins and trichothece...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.04.045
更新日期：2004-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effect of copper on cadmium-induced cytotoxicity on vascular endothelial cells from bovine aorta in a culture system. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the [3H]adenine release assay and the histological observation. After a 24-h incubation, cadmium exhibited a significant cytotoxicity on confluent cult...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90103-q
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oltipraz (OPZ) is a known inducer of glutathione S-transferases and a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A2. Given the detoxification characteristics of this compound, the transcriptional effects of OPZ, along with the related naturally occurring compounds 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) and sulforaphane (SF...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.06.006
更新日期：2004-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The intestinal epithelium is the first barrier against food contaminants and is highly sensitive to Fusarium toxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA). Here, we explored the effects of low doses of DON and/or ZEA in naturally moldy diets on intestinal functions in piglets, including inflammatory re...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.032
更新日期：2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We reported earlier that the activation of free-radical-mediated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) cascade is the major pathway in the inflammatory lung disease induced by 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a mustard gas analog. TNF-alpha induces activating protein 1 (AP-1) activation via phosphorylation of mit...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.07.005
更新日期：2008-09-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Adrenal weight and the concentration of corticosterone and glucose in plasma of male Wistar rats, dosed orally with fenitrothion (7.25 or 14.5 mg/kg/day) for 28 days were investigated. A significant increase in the relative weight of adrenals was observed 2 weeks after treatment commenced, but was preceded by an incre...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90126-6
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dimethocaine (DMC), a synthetic derivative of cocaine, is distributed and consumed as "new psychoactive substance" (NPS) without any safety testing at the forefront. It is mainly metabolized by N-acetylation, N-deethylation or hydroxylation. Therefore, the aim of the presented study was to determine the human NAT and ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.033
更新日期：2014-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Methylglyoxal (MG) is a metabolite of glucose. The serum MG level is increased in diabetic patients, and MG is implicated in diabetic complications related to embryonic development injury. We previously reported cytotoxic effects of MG on mouse embryonic stem cells and blastocysts, and a further association with defec...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.01.007
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Guidelines concerning the preclinical safety assessment of therapeutic proteins are available, e.g. in the European Community (EC Notes for Guidance). Unlike rather rigidly prescribing test systems such as those known for chemical substances, it is agreed that for biotechnologically-produced products, testing may be q...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90206-y
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) both require dimerization with AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) to initiate transcription of their respective target genes. It has been proposed that competition for ARNT results in decreased targeting of AhR to cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.09.006
更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To understand the underlying mechanism for apoptosis induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNP), human airway epithelial cell line was cultured to investigate the relevant apoptosis pathways. Our results showed that the levels of reactive oxygen species and morphological apoptosis increased in a dose-dependent ma...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.014
更新日期：2010-06-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondrial enzymes are targets of newly synthesized drugs being tested for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10) is a multifunctional mitochondrial protein that is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of A...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.12.012
更新日期：2021-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain is a defining pathological feature of neurodegenerative disorders classified as synucleinopathies. They include Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Occupational and environmental exposure to manganese (Mn) is asso...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.006
更新日期：2013-03-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The hepatotoxic effects of the oral administration of a single dose of 50 mg dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)/kg and daily doses of 5 mg and 1 mg/kg, respectively, to cats and lizards were studied by light microscopy. Centrilobular necrosis was the main alteration detected in the liver of cats as in other animal species stud...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(81)90172-7
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We observed transient excretion of dark-brown urine after acute exposure to cobalt in rats and investigated the mechanism of it. We injected cobalt into rats s.c. at a dose of 15 mg/kg and collected urine, peripheral blood, and organ samples at the indicated times after injection. Biochemical and histopathological exa...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.03.018
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of intra- and extracellular calcium in the activation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) to produce reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) were studied by using soluble, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or particulate stimuli, quartz or chrysotile. A calciu...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03255-j
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Untargeted metabolomic approaches offer new opportunities for a deeper understanding of the molecular events related to toxic exposure. This study proposes a metabolomic investigation of biochemical alterations occurring in urine as a result of dioxin toxicity. Urine samples were collected from Czech chemical workers ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.031
更新日期：2014-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Amiodarone (AM) is an efficacious antidysrhythmic agent that is limited clinically by numerous adverse effects. Of greatest concern is AM-induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT) due to the potential for mortality. Mitochondrial alterations and free radicals have been implicated in the etiology of AM-induced toxicities, incl...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00097-6
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well known that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is used as an insecticide and prevents many people in the tropical zone from devastating malaria. On the other hand, a number of reports have indicated that it may act as an endocrine disruptor and also has possible carcinogenic effects. However, the effects ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00401-0
更新日期：2003-02-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous and often carcinogenic contaminants released into the environment during natural and anthropogenic combustion processes. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is the prototypical carcinogenic PAH, and dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC) is a less prevalent, but highly potent transplace...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.04.004
更新日期：2014-07-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The main aim of the study was to identify the critical periods of susceptibility for itraconazole-mediated teratogenesis in the mouse. Pregnant ICR (CD-1) mice received a single oral administration of itraconazole at 50 mg/kg b.w., 150 mg/kg b.w. or 250 mg/kg b.w. on gestation day 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12. Control animals w...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.08.004
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Troglitazone (TGZ) is an orally active hypoglycemic agent which is used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It had been associated with severe drug-induced liver failure which resulted in its withdrawal from the market in 2000. While the exact mechanism of its toxicity remains unknown, it has...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.10.014
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mercury, one of the widespread pollutants in the world, induces oxidative stress and dysfunction in many cell types. Alveolar type II epithelial cells are known to be vulnerable to oxidative stress. Alveolar type II epithelial cells produce and secrete surfactants to maintain morphological organization, biophysical fu...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.02.003
更新日期：2010-05-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The transition metal cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant which damages the kidneys. Chronic Cd exposure may induce renal fibrosis and/or cancer, but the signaling pathways involved are not understood. The Wnt pathway is a key signaling cascade responsible for renal development, fibrosis and cancer. Hence the ef...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.05.007
更新日期：2010-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was administered to mice, from 5 weeks of age of the F0 generation to the weaning of the F2 generation, in the diet at levels of 0 (control), 0.015, 0.045, 0.135, and 0.405%, and some reproductive and neurobehavioural parameters were measured. There was no consistent significant effect o...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(93)90011-l
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
