Current guidelines for the preclinical safety assessment of therapeutic proteins.

abstract：:Environmental toxicants such as methylmercury play a critical role in the pathogenesis of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Environmental exposure to methylmercury frequently occurs at low doses, most frequently through fish consumption. Although the general population is at risk for exposure, pregnant women and youn...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Patel E,Reynolds M

更新日期：2013-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:288 BALB/c male mice were allocated to: Group 1-control; Group 2-500 ppm of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in the food, with control water; Group 4-500 ppm of 2-AAF in the food and 250 mg/100 ml of vitamin C in the water; and Group 3-control food and 250 mg% of vitamin C in the water. Major histopathologic changes at t...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Frith CH,Rule J,Kodell RL

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzodiazepines have wide-spread used in pharmacotherapy for their anxiolytic, myorelaxant, hypnotic, amnesic and anticonvulsive properties. Despite benzodiazepines are used in clinics over 50 years, they have not been surprisingly tested for capability to induce major drug-metabolizing cytochromes P450. In the curren...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Vrzal R,Kubesova K,Pavek P,Dvorak Z

更新日期：2010-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxicity of an aqueous extract prepared from Echinodorus macrophyllus dried leaves, a plant used in folk medicine to treat inflammation and kidney malfunctions, was estimated by different bioassays. Mutagenicity of the aqueous extract was evaluated in the Salmonella/microsome assay (TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 strain...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： da Costa Lopes L,Albano F,Augusto Travassos Laranja G,Marques Alves L,Fernando Martins e Silva L,Poubel de Souza G,de Magalhães Araujo I,Firmino Nogueira-Neto J,Felzenszwalb I,Kovary K

更新日期：2000-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Intraperitoneal injection of the iron-complex, ferric-nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), induces renal proximal tubular damage associated with oxidative damage in vivo. Fe-NTA induced a time-dependent decrease of several polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), together with increased conjugated diene values and decreased cellula...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Deiana M,Aruoma OI,Rosa A,Crobu V,Casu V,Piga R,Dessi MA

更新日期：2001-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditional gold mining, using metallic mercury (Hg(0)) to form gold amalgam, followed by burning to remove the Hg(0), is widely used in South America, Africa and Asia. The gold is sold to merchants who burn it again to eliminate remaining Hg(0). In Ecuador, 200 gold miners, 37 gold merchants and 72 referents were stu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Harari R,Harari F,Gerhardsson L,Lundh T,Skerfving S,Strömberg U,Broberg K

更新日期：2012-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The mutagenic potential of fluphenazine hydrochloride was tested on male germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster. The criterion used was sex-linked recessive lethal mutations. Oregon-K males of D. melanogaster, reared on a medium containing 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 mg/ml of the drug, were screened for sex-linked recessive le...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Rao KP,Rao MS

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male painters are commonly exposed to ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGE), a well known reproductive toxic agent causing testicular atrophy, in the form of solvent mixture containing toluene (TOL) and xylene (XYL). This study was carried out to determine the effect of exposing male rats to solvent mixture containing...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chung WG,Yu IJ,Park CS,Lee KH,Roh HK,Cha YN

更新日期：1999-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Although high or repeated exposure to different forms of Hg can have serious health consequences, the most important toxicity risk for humans is as methylmercury (MeHg) which exposure is mainly through consumption of fish. Generally, more than the 80% of Hg in hair is as MeHg, which is taken up by hair follicles as Me...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Pino A,Bocca B,Forte G,Majorani C,Petrucci F,Senofonte O,Alimonti A

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicity of methylmercury is sufficiently high to justify an evaluation of the risk from the consumption of contaminated food. In the method of risk assessment proposed here, distribution frequencies are assigned to the parameters in question, rather than mean values. Total body burden is estimated by numerical si...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Magnaval R,Batti R,Bouville A,Magnaval JP,Spear RC

更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic and renal microsomal electron transport components and erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase were investigated in adult male rats exposed to 0, 50, 200 and 600 ppm tetrachloroethylene for 4 weeks. Body weight and liver weight showed a significant decrease only in the 600 ppm group. A dose-dependent dec...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Soni M,Nomiyama H,Nomiyama K

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Xenobiotic exposure is a risk factor in the etiology of neurodegenerative disease. It was recently hypothesized that restricted exposure during brain development could predispose for a neurodegenerative disease later in life. As neuroinflammation contributes to progressive neurodegeneration, it is suspected that neuro...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sandström von Tobel J,Zoia D,Althaus J,Antinori P,Mermoud J,Pak HS,Scherl A,Monnet-Tschudi F

更新日期：2014-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Dysregulated cell proliferation and tumorigenesis is frequently encountered in several cancers including hepatocellular carcinogenesis (HCC). Thus, agents that inhibit cell proliferation and restrain hepatic tumorigenesis through cell cycle regulation have a beneficial effect in the treatment of hepatocellular carcino...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Raghunandhakumar S,Paramasivam A,Senthilraja S,Naveenkumar C,Asokkumar S,Binuclara J,Jagan S,Anandakumar P,Devaki T

更新日期：2013-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian xenobiotic-metabolizing sulfotransferases are cytosolic enzymes, which form a gene superfamily (SULT). Ten distinct human SULT forms are known. Two SULT forms represent splice variants, the other forms are encoded by separate genes. Common functional polymorphisms of the transcribed region are known for ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Glatt H,Engelke CE,Pabel U,Teubner W,Jones AL,Coughtrie MW,Andrae U,Falany CN,Meinl W

更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The grazing trial at Kidston Gold Mine, North Queensland, was aimed specifically to assess the uptake of metals from the tailing and the potential for unacceptable contamination of saleable meat. Further aims included estimating metal dose rates and identifying potential exposure pathways including plant uptake of hea...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Bruce SL,Noller BN,Grigg AH,Mullen BF,Mulligan DR,Ritchie PJ,Currey N,Ng JC

更新日期：2003-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The utility of HepaRG cells as an in vitro cell-based assay system for assessing drug-induced liver injury (DILI) risk was investigated. Seventeen DILI-positive and 15 DILI-negative drugs were selected for the assay. HepaRG cells were treated with each drug for 24h at concentrations that were 1.6-, 6.3-, 25-, and 100-...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Tomida T,Okamura H,Satsukawa M,Yokoi T,Konno Y

更新日期：2015-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:P-glycoprotein (Pgp) participates in the export of numerous toxins, drugs, and physiological compounds. To examine the involvement of Pgp in smoke-induced oral cell insult, the effects of extracts of the mainstream tobacco smoke (TS) on Pgp were studied in an oral epidermal carcinoma cell line, OECM-1. TS was first ex...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Pan WC,Chen RM,Shen YC,Chen CC,Ueng YF

更新日期：2009-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), are ubiquitous environmental pollutants found in tobacco smoke, air pollution, and grilled foods. Reactive metabolites and reactive oxygen species generated during PAH metabolism are detoxified by reactions involving glutathione (GSH). Early life...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ortiz L,Nakamura B,Li X,Blumberg B,Luderer U

更新日期：2014-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadmium (Cd) has been reported to induce hypertension in both humans and animals; however, its mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. Vascular tone is one of the factors contributing to hypertension. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Cd exposure on vascular muscarinic receptor responses to ace...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Yoopan N,Watcharasit P,Wongsawatkul O,Piyachaturawat P,Satayavivad J

更新日期：2008-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We have found that a single dose of amitraz, a formamidine pesticide, produces death in mice 2-5 days after dosing. To further examine this phenomenon, adult albino mice of both sexes were treated with either yohimbine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or deionized water (6 ml/kg, i.p.), immediately before an injection of amitraz (600...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Moser VC,MacPhail RC

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rat and canine hepatocyte suspensions were exposed to toxic concentrations of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and ionophore A-23187 in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium (Ca2+) and alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TS). The exogenous administration of alpha-TS (25 microM) completely protected hepatocytes f...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Fariss MW,Merson MH,O'Hara TM

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several studies have demonstrated that bisphenol A (BPA) exhibited weak estrogenic activity in the 3-day uterotrophic assay using ovariectomized (OVX) and immature rats (Toxicol. Lett. 115 (2000) 231; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 32 (2000) 118; J. Toxicol. Sci. 26 (2001) 111) and BPA also possessed anti-androgenic activ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kim HS,Han SY,Kim TS,Kwack SJ,Lee RD,Kim IY,Seok JH,Lee BM,Yoo SD,Park KL

更新日期：2002-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the cytotoxic effects of formaldehyde (FA) on lymphocytes. FA-exposed mice showed a profound reduction not only in the number of natural killer (NK) cells but also in the expression of NK cell-specific receptors, but these mice did not exhibit decreases in the numbers of T or B lymphocytes. FA exposure...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kim EM,Lee HY,Lee EH,Lee KM,Park M,Ji KY,Jang JH,Jeong YH,Lee KH,Yoon IJ,Kim SM,Jeong MJ,Kim KD,Kang HS

更新日期：2013-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Many studies have linked ambient fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm, PM₂.₅) air pollution to increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in the general population, but the biologic mechanisms of these associations are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to evalua...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Xu X,Deng F,Guo X,Lv P,Zhong M,Liu C,Wang A,Tzan K,Jiang SY,Lippmann M,Rajagopalan S,Qu Q,Chen LC,Sun Q

更新日期：2012-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were exposed to various concentrations of L-asparaginase derived from Escherichia Coli. Protein synthesis was inhibited by about 33% and cellular glutamine was reduced proportionally to the enzyme concentration. However, protein synthesis was inhibited only by amounts of enzyme able...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Villa P,Corada M,Bartosek I

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The people studied were male volunteers without occupational and dietary exposure to PAH: 27 smokers (10 cigarettes or more) and 27 non-smokers matched for age and socio-professional category. For each person, all the 24h voided urine samples were reassembled in a single sample. 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHPy) and 3-hydroxyb...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lafontaine M,Champmartin C,Simon P,Delsaut P,Funck-Brentano C

更新日期：2006-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:This study attempted the liposomalization of coproporphyrin I (CPI) with hydrophobic properties. Liposomalization of CPI was not successful at any pH when using lactate buffer. In contrast, when using 9% sucrose/10mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.8), CPI liposomes (Lipo-CPI) and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) modified liposomes (P...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sadzuka Y,Iwasaki F,Sugiyama I,Horiuchi K,Hirano T,Ozawa H,Kanayama N,Oku N

更新日期：2008-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Lead is a toxic heavy metal with many recognized adverse health side effects. The central nervous system is the main target of lead toxicity. Although many studies on lead toxicity were conducted, the mechanism of lead toxicity remains uncertain. One possible attribution is the immature blood-brain barrier that causes...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Yang Y,Zhang X,Fu Y,Yang H

更新日期：2014-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological investigations indicate that effects related to prenatal adverse environments on the organs of the offspring could continue to adulthood. This study intends to confirm that prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) increases the susceptibility of osteoarthritis (OA) in the male offspring, and to explore the pot...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chen B,Lu KH,Ni QB,Li QX,Gao H,Wang H,Chen LB

更新日期：2019-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Breathing pattern and lung mechanical parameters were measured in 7 female Wistar rats (ca. 200 g) during exposure to 1.0 (n = 5) or 1.3 (n = 2) ppm ozone in air for 2 h and during a 2-h post-exposure observation period. Changes in breathing pattern showed a gradual decrease from 3 to 2 Hz at constant minute ventilati...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Zwart A,Arts JH

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00