Abstract：
:Gut microbiota has a crucial role in the maintenance of health. Increasing evidence suggests that changes or disturbances in gut microbiota may be associated with various diseases. Therefore, preclinical and clinical studies related to gut microbiota are becoming increasingly important. Germ-free animal experimentation is one of the most important in vivo experimental models for preclinical studies on gut microbiota interactions. It represents a model to study effect of probiotic research and other experimental animal studies requiring careful control of outside contaminants that can affect the trial. Germ-free animals have defected immune systems, so they are used to model immune mediated metabolic, peripheral, and central diseases. In addition, gut-brain axis studies have recently increased. This minireview provides current information on this model and discusses the validity of its use in gut microbiota studies.
journal_name
Curr Opin Pharmacoljournal_title
Current opinion in pharmacologyauthors
Uzbay Tdoi
10.1016/j.coph.2019.03.016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-12-01 00:00:00pages
6-10eissn
1471-4892issn
1471-4973pii
S1471-4892(19)30021-9journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Dietary intake of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has beneficial effects in various cardiac disorders. Few studies have, however, investigated the therapeutic potential of n-3 PUFA in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Five heterogeneous randomized studies on n-3 PUFA for prevent...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2012.01.012
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in the management of gastric cancer, especially in the arena of chemotherapy, are paving the way for optimization of treatment that maximizes effectiveness while minimizing toxicity. The expansion of the chemotherapeutic armamentarium has led to multiple combinations of cytotoxic agents. Unfortunately,...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2006.05.002
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) has been proposed to contribute to pain transmission and inflammation and for these reasons to the mechanism of migraine. CGRP is, in fact, expressed in and released from a subset of polymodal primary sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion. Release of CGRP in the dorsal spina...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2008.12.007
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the past few years, a possible link between skeletal muscle contractile activity and immune changes has been established. This concept is based on the finding that exercise provokes an increase in a number of cytokines. We have suggested that cytokines and other peptides that are produced; expressed and release...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2008.02.005
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A complex network operates in the spinal dorsal horn to integrate peripheral nociceptive inputs with local and descending control mechanisms, and to cross-talk with higher brain areas. Injury to peripheral sensory nerves can trigger a cascade of events within this relay which, in some cases, may turn into abnormal res...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2011.10.021
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in the trophic effects of antidepressant drugs. Antidepressants stimulate the production and signaling of plasticity-related proteins such as neurotrophins and cAMP response element binding protein, and neurotrophin signaling appears to be both sufficient and necessary ...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2003.10.004
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been a few decades since Ca(2+) was identified as one of the important factors that can accelerate gastric wound repair as well as contribute to epithelial homeostasis and regulation of gastric secretions. The mechanistic basis has remained largely unexplored in vivo because it was not possible to track in real...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2014.07.012
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolving policies regarding the use of therapeutic Cannabis have steadily increased the public interest in its use as a complementary and alternative medicine in several disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Endocannabinoids represent both an appealing therapeutic strategy and a captivating scientific d...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.009
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past few years, several groups have used voltage-sensitive dyes or calcium-indicator dyes to optically monitor the activity of several enteric neurons simultaneously. Some of the initial practical problems have been solved and these studies have successfully shown the spread of electrical activation within th...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4892(01)00097-2
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of HIV protease inhibitors (HIV PIs) has been one of the most significant advances of the past two decades in controlling HIV infection. HIV PIs have been used successfully in highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV infection, which is currently the most effective treatment available. Inc...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2014.07.008
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In most situations, the angiotensin AT2-receptor (AT2R) mediates physiological actions opposing those mediated by the AT1-receptor (AT1R), including a vasorelaxant effect. Nevertheless, experimental evidence vastly supports that systemic application of AT2R-agonists is blood pressure neutral. However, stimulation of A...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2015.01.004
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone remodelling is an essential process for shaping and maintaining bone mass in the mature skeleton. During our lifetime bone is constantly being removed by osteoclasts and new bone is formed by osteoblasts. The activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts must be regulated under a strict balance to ensure that bone ho...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2016.02.003
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptin and adiponectin are the major adipokines secreted by fat cells. Leptin effects energy homeostasis by decreasing food intake and by acting on lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Elucidation of the mechanisms of action of adiponectin (Acrp30), a hormone considered to be a major insulin-sensitizing hormone, and ...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2006.08.002
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity is a chronic disease that increases susceptibility to various diseases, particularly cardiovascular dysfunction, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer. In this review, we highlighted recent evidence in mouse models that support a potential benefit of increasing adipose lipid utilization through stimulating...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2010.05.008
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent decades there has been an upsurge of interest in mechanisms of cell death in the central nervous system. Much attention has been focused on two cell death processes - excitotoxicity and apoptosis - and much confusion has arisen regarding how one relates to the other, and how either relates to neurological di...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The CD28 and B7 protein families are critical regulators of immune responses and, in the past few years, several new family members have been identified. Preclinical studies exploring the role of members of the CD28 and B7 families support the targeting of these pathways for new therapeutic approaches. Indeed, recent ...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2005.02.003
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biomarker profiling is utilized to identify diagnostic and prognostic candidates for stroke. Clinical and preclinical biomarker data suggest altered circulating immune responses may illuminate the mechanisms of stroke recovery. However, the relationship between peripheral blood biomarker profile(s) and brain profiles ...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2015.10.004
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple myeloma is a tumour with a remarkably destructive effect on its host organ, the bone marrow. Through expression or secretion of adhesion molecules, growth factors, exosomes, miRNAs, chemokines and inhibitors, the tumour substantially alters its microenvironment, promoting both tumour survival and osteolytic b...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2016.02.013
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRs) have recently emerged as a novel class of gene expression regulators. The number of studies documenting an altered miR expression pattern in cancer continues to expand rapidly. Critical information is continuously gained regarding how aberrantly expressed miRs contribute to carcinogenesis. Current stu...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2011.09.006
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gasotransmitters fulfill important roles in cellular homeostasis having been linked to various pathologies, including inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the known pathways mediating the actions of gasotransmitters, their effects in regulating mitochondrial function are emerging. Given that mitoch...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2019.07.001
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Introduction of biological agents for the treatment of the chronic inflammatory joint disease rheumatoid arthritis has reinvigorated research into this debilitating disease. These agents have been shown to both act on the signs and symptoms of disease, as well as retard the progression of joint destruction. However, t...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2004.04.001
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several mechanisms of resistance have been identified, underscoring the complex nature of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling and the many connections between this pathway and other essential signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. Many therapeutic targets of cell signaling and cell cycle pathways have met success wit...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2018.04.009
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 5th most common cancer, but the 3rd leading cause of cancer death globally with approximately 700,000 fatalities annually. The severity of this cancer arises from its difficulty to detect and treat. The major etiologies of HCC are liver fibrosis or cirrhosis from chronic viral inf...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2018.04.002
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viral and non-viral gene transfer technologies have been used to efficiently generate therapeutic T cells with desired cancer-specificity. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) redirect T cell specificity toward antibody-recognized antigens expressed on the surface of cancer cells, while T cell receptors (TCRs) extend the...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2015.08.006
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA-targeted chemotherapies remain fundamental in clinical management of both common solid tumours and hematologic malignancies. Recent studies indicate that novel combinations of cytotoxic chemotherapy may have significant activity even in tumours regarded as being resistant to conventional chemotherapy. In addition,...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2012.03.008
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The advent of near physiological organoid technology has produced a step change in our understanding of stem cells and has provided the research community with a powerful new cell based tool to model human physiology and disease. We review the pros and cons of intestinal organoid culture systems. The molecular and gen...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2017.09.003
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder with the potential to cause serious neurological complications. Conventional therapies for hyponatremia have been found to be inconsistently effective. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is etiologically critical for hyponatremia, and it has been proven that AVP receptor (AVP-R) a...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2006.09.009
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), in recent years, have been shown to signal via multiple distinct pathways. Furthermore, biased ligands for some receptors can differentially stimulate or inhibit these pathways versus unbiased endogenous ligands or drugs. Biased ligands can be used to gain a deeper understanding of...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2014.04.002
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro surveillance data, which provide key information to interpret the results of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) target attainment studies, are used to support dose selection decisions and recommendations for in vitro susceptibility testing criteria for antibacterial agents during drug development. Consi...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2017.10.009
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clostridium difficile disease is the major, known cause of nosocomial diarrhea and is an emerging cause of community-associated diarrhea. Recent outbreaks due to a strain of apparent increased virulence, BI/NAP1, and recognition of increasing metronidazole treatment failures as well as the morbidity associated with re...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2007.05.007
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
