Abstract：
:The most consistent sex differences in cognition are found for spatial ability, in which males, on average, outperform females. Utilizing a twin design, two studies have shown that females with male co-twins perform better than females with female co-twins on a mental rotation task. According to the Twin Testosterone Transfer hypothesis (TTT) this advantage is due to in-uterine transmission of testosterone from males to females. The present study tested the TTT across 14 different spatial ability measures, including mental rotation tasks, in a large sample of 19-21-year-old twins. Males performed significantly better than females on all spatial tasks, with effect sizes ranging from η2 = 0.02 to η2 = 0.16. Females with a male co-twin outperformed females with a female co-twin in two of the tasks. The effect sizes for both differences were negligible (η2 < 0.02). Contrary to the previous studies, our results gave no indication that prenatally transferred testosterone, from a male to a female twin, influences sex differences in spatial ability.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Toivainen T,Pannini G,Papageorgiou KA,Malanchini M,Rimfeld K,Shakeshaft N,Kovas Ydoi
10.1038/s41598-018-31704-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-09-12 00:00:00pages
13653issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-018-31704-yjournal_volume
8pub_type
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