Song hybridization events during revolutionary song change provide insights into cultural transmission in humpback whales.

abstract：:We have synthesized two sets of 15-base-long oligodeoxyribonucleotides corresponding to all possible coding sequences for a small portion of human beta 2-microglobulin. Labeled oligonucleotides were used as hybridization probes to screen bacterial clones containing cDNA sequences primed with oligo(dT) and inserted int...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suggs SV,Wallace RB,Hirose T,Kawashima EH,Itakura K

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins from quiescent and serum-stimulated Swiss 3T3 cells was compared by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Four new proteins of Mrs 26,000, 28,000, 45,000, and 47,000 designated N26, N28, N45, and N47, which were not detectable in quiescent cells, appeared 60 min afte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thomas G,Thomas G,Luther H

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the molecular basis of the voltage sensor that triggers excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, the four-domain pore subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) was cut in the cytoplasmic linker between domains II and III. cDNAs for the I-II domain (alpha1S 1-670) and the III-IV domain (alpha1S 701-187...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ahern CA,Arikkath J,Vallejo P,Gurnett CA,Powers PA,Campbell KP,Coronado R

更新日期：2001-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:We report a simplified method for culturing fetal central nervous system cells predominantly inducing neurons that grow, differentiate, and live in vitro for as long as 10 weeks. These central nervous system cells form a confluent cell culture in which about 80% of the cells are fully differentiated neurons producing ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sotelo J,Gibbs CJ Jr,Gajdusek DC,Toh BH,Wurth M

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA) typically contain four stems composed of Watson-Crick (W-C) base pairs and infrequent mispairs such as G-U and A-C. The latter mispairs are fundamental units of RNA secondary structure found in nearly every class of RNA and are nearly isomorphic to W-C pairs. Therefore, they often subs...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McClain WH

更新日期：2006-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:I describe the self-splicing of an RNA that consists of exon sequences flanked by group II intron sequences. I find that this RNA undergoes accurate splicing in vitro, yielding an excised exon circle. This splicing reaction involves the joining of the 5' splice site at the end of an exon to the 3' splice site at the b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jarrell KA

更新日期：1993-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection induces transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene directed by the long terminal repeat (LTR) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in both transiently and permanently transfected cells containing the HIV-LTR/CAT hybrid gene. To define the mechanism by wh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mosca JD,Bednarik DP,Raj NB,Rosen CA,Sodroski JG,Haseltine WA,Hayward GS,Pitha PM

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dendritic building blocks with a focal pyrene unit self-organize into vesicles in aqueous phase. The in situ inclusion of the focal pyrene units into the cavity of beta- or gamma-cyclodextrin (CD) induces self-assembled organic nanotubes with an average outer diameter of approximately 45 nm and inner diameter of 2...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park C,Lee IH,Lee S,Song Y,Rhue M,Kim C

更新日期：2006-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmental and anthropogenic factors often drive population declines in top predators, but how their influences may combine remains unclear. Albatrosses are particularly threatened. They breed in fast-changing environments, and their extensive foraging ranges expose them to incidental mortality (bycatch) in multipl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pardo D,Forcada J,Wood AG,Tuck GN,Ireland L,Pradel R,Croxall JP,Phillips RA

更新日期：2017-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbohydrate-based vaccines have shown therapeutic efficacy for infectious disease and cancer. The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) containing complex polysaccharides has been used as antitumor supplement, but the mechanism of immune response has rarely been studied. Here, we show that the mice immunized with a l-f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liao SF,Liang CH,Ho MY,Hsu TL,Tsai TI,Hsieh YS,Tsai CM,Li ST,Cheng YY,Tsao SM,Lin TY,Lin ZY,Yang WB,Ren CT,Lin KI,Khoo KH,Lin CH,Hsu HY,Wu CY,Wong CH

更新日期：2013-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:IFN-gamma is well known as the signature cytokine of CD4+ T helper 1, CD8+, and natural killer cells, but recent studies demonstrate that antigen-presenting cells, in particular dendritic cells (DCs), are another potent source for this proinflammatory cytokine. T-bet, a transcription factor that controls IFN-gamma exp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lugo-Villarino G,Maldonado-Lopez R,Possemato R,Penaranda C,Glimcher LH

更新日期：2003-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Direct reciprocity and conditional cooperation are important mechanisms to prevent free riding in social dilemmas. However, in large groups, these mechanisms may become ineffective because they require single individuals to have a substantial influence on their peers. However, the recent discovery of zero-determinant ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hilbe C,Wu B,Traulsen A,Nowak MA

更新日期：2014-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally accepted that healthy cells degrade their own mitochondria. Here, we report that retinal ganglion cell axons of WT mice shed mitochondria at the optic nerve head (ONH), and that these mitochondria are internalized and degraded by adjacent astrocytes. EM demonstrates that mitochondria are shed through f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Davis CH,Kim KY,Bushong EA,Mills EA,Boassa D,Shih T,Kinebuchi M,Phan S,Zhou Y,Bihlmeyer NA,Nguyen JV,Jin Y,Ellisman MH,Marsh-Armstrong N

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein O-mannosylation represents an evolutionarily conserved, essential posttranslational modification with immense impact on a variety of cellular processes. In humans, O-mannosylation defects result in Walker-Warburg syndrome, a severe recessive congenital muscular dystrophy associated with defects in neuronal mig...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hutzler J,Schmid M,Bernard T,Henrissat B,Strahl S

更新日期：2007-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:In nonneuronal cells, several plasma membrane proteins such as exofacial enzymes, receptors, and ion channels recycle between their intracellular compartment(s) and the cell surface via an endosomal pathway. In neurons, however, this pathway has not been extensively characterized. In particular, it remains unclear whe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thoidis G,Chen P,Pushkin AV,Vallega G,Leeman SE,Fine RE,Kandror KV

更新日期：1998-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:In contrast to observations in bacteria and fungi, frameshift mutations in bacteriophage T4 do not arise during genetic recombination. Nascent mutants, captured in the heterozygous condition, exhibit properties which indicate that the new lesions are located at the extreme tips of the chromosomes, and are segregated b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lindstrom DM,Drake JW

更新日期：1970-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the defining trends of the Holocene has been the emergence of complex societies. Two essential features of complex societies are intensive resource use and sociopolitical hierarchy. Although it is widely agreed that these two phenomena are associated cross-culturally and have both contributed to the rise of com...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sheehan O,Watts J,Gray RD,Atkinson QD

更新日期：2018-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Selective therapeutics for nuclear receptors would revolutionize treatment for endocrine disease. Specific control of nuclear receptor activity is challenging because the internal cavities that bind hormones can be virtually identical. Only one highly selective hormone analog is known for the thyroid receptor, GC-24, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Borngraeber S,Budny MJ,Chiellini G,Cunha-Lima ST,Togashi M,Webb P,Baxter JD,Scanlan TS,Fletterick RJ

更新日期：2003-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1), the trypanolytic factor of human serum, can lyse several African trypanosome species including Trypanosoma brucei brucei, but not the human-infective pathogens T. brucei rhodesiense and T. brucei gambiense, which are resistant to lysis by human serum. Lysis follows the uptake of APOL1 into ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thomson R,Finkelstein A

更新日期：2015-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The organization and allelic recombination of the merozoite surface protein-1 gene of Plasmodium vivax (PvMsp-1), the most widely prevalent human malaria parasite, were evaluated in complete nucleotide sequences of 40 isolates from various geographic areas. Alignment of 31 distinct alleles revealed the mosaic organiza...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Putaporntip C,Jongwutiwes S,Sakihama N,Ferreira MU,Kho WG,Kaneko A,Kanbara H,Hattori T,Tanabe K

更新日期：2002-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) activity has been attributed to the highly labile nitric oxide radical (NO). In view of the fact that the plasma and cellular milieux contain reactive species that can rapidly inactivate NO, it has been postulated that NO is stabilized by a carrier molecule that preserves its...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stamler JS,Simon DI,Osborne JA,Mullins ME,Jaraki O,Michel T,Singel DJ,Loscalzo J

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Arabidopsis DEMETER (DME) DNA glycosylase demethylates the maternal genome in the central cell prior to fertilization and is essential for seed viability. DME preferentially targets small transposons that flank coding genes, influencing their expression and initiating plant gene imprinting. DME also targets interg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang C,Hung YH,Rim HJ,Zhang D,Frost JM,Shin H,Jang H,Liu F,Xiao W,Iyer LM,Aravind L,Zhang XQ,Fischer RL,Huh JH,Hsieh TF

更新日期：2019-08-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic inflammation occurring around the course of tumor progression and treatment are often correlated with adverse oncological outcomes. As such, it is suspected that neutrophils, the first line of defense against infection, may play important roles in linking inflammation and metastatic seeding. To decipher the d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen MB,Hajal C,Benjamin DC,Yu C,Azizgolshani H,Hynes RO,Kamm RD

更新日期：2018-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogenetic processes that facilitate the entry, replication, and persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the mammalian host likely include the regulated expression of specific sets of genes at different stages of infection. Identification of genes that are differentially expressed in vivo would provide in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Timm J,Post FA,Bekker LG,Walther GB,Wainwright HC,Manganelli R,Chan WT,Tsenova L,Gold B,Smith I,Kaplan G,McKinney JD

更新日期：2003-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular morphogenesis relies partly on cell polarization by the cytoskeleton. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, it is well established that microtubules (MTs) deliver the spatial cue Tea1, a kelch repeat protein, to the tip regions to direct the growth machinery at the cell tips driving the linear exten...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scheffler K,Recouvreux P,Paoletti A,Tran PT

更新日期：2014-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a neurosteroid with potential effects on neurogenesis and neuronal survival in humans. However, most studies on DHEA have been performed in rodents, and there is little direct evidence for biological effects on the human nervous system. Furthermore, the mechanism of its action is unkno...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suzuki M,Wright LS,Marwah P,Lardy HA,Svendsen CN

更新日期：2004-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The Xlim-1 gene is activated in the late blastula stage of Xenopus embryogenesis in the mesoderm, and its RNA product becomes concentrated in the Spemann organizer at early gastrula stage. A major regulator of early expression of Xlim-1 is activin or an activin-like signal. We report experiments aiming to identify the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rebbert ML,Dawid IB

更新日期：1997-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Respiratory cytochrome c has been found to be phosphorylated at tyrosine 97 in the postischemic brain upon neuroprotective insulin treatment, but how such posttranslational modification affects mitochondrial metabolism is unclear. Here, we report the structural features and functional behavior of a phosphomimetic cyto...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guerra-Castellano A,Díaz-Quintana A,Pérez-Mejías G,Elena-Real CA,González-Arzola K,García-Mauriño SM,De la Rosa MA,Díaz-Moreno I

更新日期：2018-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Maximum likelihood estimators and other direct optimization-based estimators dominated statistical estimation and prediction for decades. Yet, the principled foundations supporting their dominance do not apply to the discrete high-dimensional inference problems of the 21st century. As it is well known, statistical dec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carvalho LE,Lawrence CE

更新日期：2008-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecules of keystone significance are relatively rare, yet mediate a variety of interactions between organisms. They influence the distribution and abundance of species, the transfer of energy across multiple trophic levels, and thus they play significant roles in structuring ecosystems. Despite their potential impor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kicklighter CE,Kamio M,Nguyen L,Germann MW,Derby CD

更新日期：2011-07-12 00:00:00