Abstract:
:We report a simplified method for culturing fetal central nervous system cells predominantly inducing neurons that grow, differentiate, and live in vitro for as long as 10 weeks. These central nervous system cells form a confluent cell culture in which about 80% of the cells are fully differentiated neurons producing interconnecting axons and dendrite processes and live upon a sparse underlying population of fibrillary and protoplasmic astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and fibroblasts. Morphological and cytochemical characteristics of these cell types, based on immunofluorescent cell specific markers and silver staining of neurons, are presented.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Sotelo J,Gibbs CJ Jr,Gajdusek DC,Toh BH,Wurth Mdoi
10.1073/pnas.77.1.653subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-01-01 00:00:00pages
653-7issue
1eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cell fusion was induced by brain extracts containing the scrapie virus and the virus of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The assay involved quantitation of colony-forming ability in a double selection system, strandardized against fusion induced by Sendai virus. Correlation between the logarithm of virus dilution and the hy...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.6.2969
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Focally evoked calcium waves in astrocyte cultures have been thought to propagate by gap-junction-mediated intercellular passage of chemical signal(s). In contrast to this mechanism we observed isolated astrocytes, which had no physical contact with other astrocytes in the culture, participating in a calcium wave. Thi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.23.13268
更新日期:1996-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::The stoichiometry of J chain in pentamer IgM has been determined by measuring the radiolabeled thiols in the constituent chains after complete reduction and alkylation of the polymer. One mole of J was found to be disulfide bonded to 1 mol of pentamer. The linkage of J chain in IgM has been determined by correlating t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.3.657
更新日期:1974-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::New advances in polarized light microscopy were used to image Congo red-stained cerebral amyloidosis in sharp relief. The rotating-polarizer method was used to separate the optical effects of transmission, linear birefringence, extinction, linear dichroism, and orientation of the electric dipole transition moments and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2534647100
更新日期:2003-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Ubiquitination, the crucial posttranslational modification that regulates the eukaryotic proteome, is carried out by a trio of enzymes, known as E1 [ubiquitin (Ub)-activating enzyme], E2 (Ub-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (Ub ligase). Although most E2s can work with any of the three mechanistically distinct classes of E3...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1705060114
更新日期:2017-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::Viruses are the most common biological entities in the oceans by an order of magnitude. However, very little is known about their diversity. Here we report a genomic analysis of two uncultured marine viral communities. Over 65% of the sequences were not significantly similar to previously reported sequences, suggestin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.202488399
更新日期:2002-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Tomato plants overexpressing a prosystemin gene that encodes the precursor of a mobile wound signal called systemin have been shown previously to constitutively synthesize extraordinarily high levels of two defensive proteinase inhibitor proteins in leaves in the absence of wounding. We herein report that leaves of th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.2.407
更新日期:1995-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperphosphorylated α-synuclein in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is a characteristic neuropathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The catalytic subunit of the specific phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) that dephosphorylates α-synuclein, is hypomethylated in these ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1813365115
更新日期:2018-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Small GTP-binding proteins play a critical role in the regulation of a range of cellular processes--including growth, differentiation, and intracellular transportation. Previously, we isolated a gene, rgp1, encoding a small GTP-binding protein, by differential screening of a rice cDNA library with probe DNAs from rice...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.10.4138
更新日期:1995-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp) family transporters catalyze uptake of essential divalent transition metals like iron and manganese. To discriminate against abundant competitors, the Nramp metal-binding site should favor softer transition metals, which interact either covalently or ionically w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1607734113
更新日期:2016-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::The statistics of extrasolar planetary systems indicate that the default mode of planet formation generates planets with orbital periods shorter than 100 days and masses substantially exceeding that of the Earth. When viewed in this context, the Solar System is unusual. Here, we present simulations which show that a p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1423252112
更新日期:2015-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::In the developing cerebellum, switching of the subunit composition of NMDA receptors occurs in granule cells from NR2B-containing receptors to NR2C-containing ones. We investigated the mechanisms underlying switching of NR2B and NR2C subunit composition in primary cultures of mouse granule cells at the physiological K...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0805574105
更新日期:2008-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::The stereospecificity of the beta-adrenergic receptor of turkey erythrocyte ghosts was studied. Binding of the specific beta-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol, was found to occur exclusively with the l-stereoisomer. The stereospecificity of catecholamine binding was determined by assaying the ability of the catechola...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.10.4246
更新日期:1974-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To relate transients of force by single kinesin molecules with the elementary steps of the ATPase cycle, we measured the time to force generation by kinesin after photorelease of ATP from caged ATP. Kinesin-coated beads were trapped by an infrared laser and brought onto microtubules fixed to a coverslip. Tension was a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4395
更新日期:1997-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae initiates polarized growth or budding once per cell cycle at a specific time of the cell cycle and at a specific location on the cell surface. Little is known about the molecular nature of the temporal and spatial regulatory mechanisms. It is also unclear what factors, if any...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.182370299
更新日期:2002-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::Using a HeLa cell line stably transfected with the tat gene from human immunodeficiency virus type 1, we have found that the expression of the regulatory Tat protein suppresses the expression of cellular Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). This enzyme is one of the cell's primary defenses against oxygen-deriv...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.16.7632
更新日期:1993-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Paraspeckles are subnuclear structures that form around nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Recently, paraspeckles were shown to be functional nuclear bodies involved in stress responses and the development of specific organs. Paraspeckle formation is initiated by transcripti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1423819112
更新日期:2015-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::The signals required for rapid internalization of the bovine cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor have been localized to two distinct regions of the 67-amino acid cytoplasmic domain. One signal includes phenylalanine 13 and phenylalanine 18, while the other involves tyrosine 45. The former signal is more pote...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.10010
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool for physical mapping in human and other mammalian species. However, application of the FISH technique has been limited in plant species, especially for mapping single- or low-copy DNA sequences, due to inconsistent signal production in plant chromosome prepa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.10.4487
更新日期:1995-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Ascorbic acid metabolism is associated with a number of mechanisms known to be involved in host resistance to malignant disease. Cancer patients are significantly depleted of ascorbic acid, and in our opinion this demonstrable biochemical characteristic indicates a substantially increased requirement and utilization o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.10.3685
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This communication reports an analysis of Tn5/IS50 target site selection by using an extensive collection of Tn5 and IS50 insertions in two relatively small regions of DNA (less than 1 kb each). For both regions data were collected resulting from in vitro and in vivo transposition events. Since the data sets are consi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.18.10716
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xenopus laevis tadpole tails contain fast muscle fibers oriented in chevrons and two pairs of slow muscle "cords" along the length of the tail. When tail resorption is inhibited by a number of different treatments, fast muscle but not the slow cord muscle still is lost, demonstrating that the fast tail muscle is a dir...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.182430599
更新日期:2002-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::There is pronounced seasonal plasticity in the morphology of the neural circuits that regulate song behavior in adult songbirds, primarily in response to changes in plasma testosterone (T) levels. Most song nuclei have androgen receptors. Afferent input from the telencephalic nucleus HVc (also known as the "high vocal...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.192308799
更新日期:2002-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::Replication of plasmid DNA molecules containing the simian virus 40 (SV40) origin of DNA replication has been reconstituted with seven highly purified cellular proteins plus the SV40 large tumor (T) antigen. Initiation of DNA synthesis is absolutely dependent upon T antigen, replication protein A, and the DNA polymera...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.22.8692
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal studies have shown that the brain is an insulin-responsive organ and that central nervous insulin resistance induces obesity and disturbances in glucose metabolism. In humans, insulin effects in the brain are poorly characterized. We used a magnetoencephalography approach during a two-step hyperinsulinemic eugl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0604404103
更新日期:2006-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::Fluid mixing in active suspensions of microorganisms is important to ecological phenomena and presents a fascinating stochastic process. We investigate the mixing produced by swimming unicellular algal cells (Chlamydomonas) in quasi-two-dimensional liquid films by simultaneously tracking the motion of the cells and th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1107046108
更新日期:2011-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::Many Drosophila non-long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons actively transpose into internal, gene-rich regions of chromosomes but do not transpose onto chromosome ends. HeT-A and TART are remarkable exceptions; they form telomeres of Drosophila by repeated transpositions onto the ends of chromosomes and never tra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.032071999
更新日期:2002-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::Bitemporal injections of puromycin that primarily affect the hippocampal-entorhinal area induce amnesia of aversive maze-learning in mice for 3 days after training but are ineffective 6 or more days after training. At these later times, additional puromycin sites covering widespread forebrain areas are necessary to in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.21.7458
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unintended block of HERG K+ channels is a side effect of many common medications and is the most common cause of acquired long QT syndrome associated with increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. The molecular mechanism of high-affinity HERG block by structurally diverse compounds has been attributed to pi-stac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.192367299
更新日期:2002-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::A method is presented for starting from a very-low-energy high-dimensional conformation and obtaining a low-energy three-dimensional structure by gradual contraction of the dimensionality. The contraction in dimensionality is achieved by use of Cayley-Menger determinants, of which a simplified form is derived here. Pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.9.2782
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00