Abstract:
:I describe the self-splicing of an RNA that consists of exon sequences flanked by group II intron sequences. I find that this RNA undergoes accurate splicing in vitro, yielding an excised exon circle. This splicing reaction involves the joining of the 5' splice site at the end of an exon to the 3' splice site at the beginning of the same exon; thus, I term it inverse splicing. Inverse splicing provides a potential mechanism for exon scrambling, for exon deletion in alternative splicing pathways, and for exon shuffling in gene evolution.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Jarrell KAdoi
10.1073/pnas.90.18.8624subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-09-15 00:00:00pages
8624-7issue
18eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
90pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We have tried to find out why Ascaris hemoglobin has such an exceptionally high oxygen affinity (P50 approximately 0.004 mmHg; 1 mmHg = 133 Pa). Following Kloek et al., we have synthesized the N-terminal globin domain of Ascaris hemoglobin in Escherichia coli [Kloek, A. P., Yang, J., Mathews, F. S. & Goldberg, D. (199...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.4.1594
更新日期:1994-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::DNA polymerases from Xenopus laevis oocytes, unfertilized eggs, and kidney cells grown in culture have been characterized. The same three major DNA polymerase activities are present in all cell types examined. We attempt to relate the characteristics of amphibian enzymes to those of mammalian polymerases. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.9.3706
更新日期:1974-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many first-line cancer drugs are natural products or are derived from them by chemical modification. The trioxacarcins are an emerging class of molecules of microbial origin with potent antiproliferative effects, which may derive from their ability to covalently modify duplex DNA. All trioxacarcins appear to be deriva...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1015257108
更新日期:2011-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubules are polarized polymers that exhibit dynamic instability, with alternating phases of elongation and shortening, particularly at the more dynamic plus-end. Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) localize to and track with growing microtubule plus-ends in the cell. +TIPs regulate microtubule dynamics...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0807614106
更新日期:2009-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::For centuries ecologists have studied how the diversity and functional traits of plant and animal communities vary across biomes. In contrast, we have only just begun exploring similar questions for soil microbial communities despite soil microbes being the dominant engines of biogeochemical cycles and a major pool of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1215210110
更新日期:2012-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase (MAP kinase), which exists in several forms, is a protein serine/threonine kinase that participates in a growth factor-activated protein kinase cascade in which it activates a ribosomal protein S6 kinase (pp90rsk) while being regulated itself by a cytoplasmic factor (MAP kinase ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.14.6142
更新日期:1991-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Enzyme rates are usually considered to be dependent on local properties of the molecules involved in reactions. However, for large molecules, distant constraints might affect reaction rates by affecting dynamics leading to transition states. In single-molecule experiments we have found that enzymes that relax DNA tors...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1203118109
更新日期:2012-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian nervous system function involves billions of neurons which are interconnected in a multitude of neural circuits. Here we describe a genetic approach to chart neural circuits. By using an olfactory-specific promoter, we selectively expressed barley lectin in sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium and vom...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.6.3194
更新日期:1999-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has reservoirs in fresh and brackish water where it interacts with virulent bacteriophages. Phages are the most abundant biological entity on earth and coevolve with bacteria. It was reported that concentrations of phage and V. cholerae inversely correlate in aquatic re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1810138116
更新日期:2019-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Without sufficient greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the early Earth would have become a permanently frozen planet because the young Sun was less luminous than it is today. Several resolutions to this faint young Sun-frozen Earth paradox have been proposed, with an atmosphere rich in CO2 being the one generally favo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.4.1248
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A molecular dynamics simulation of the gramicidin A channel in an explicit dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine bilayer was generated to study the details of lipid-protein interactions at the microscopic level. Solid-state NMR properties of the channel averaged over the 500-psec trajectory are in excellent agreement with a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.24.11631
更新日期:1994-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::Cytokines often deliver simultaneous, yet distinct, cell growth and cell survival signals. The 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) is known to regulate cell growth by inducing protein synthesis components. We purified membrane-based p70S6K as a kinase responsible for site-specific phosphorylation of BAD, which...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.171301998
更新日期:2001-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::We model experience-dependent plasticity in the cortical representation of whiskers (the barrel cortex) in normal adult rats, and in adult rats that were prenatally exposed to alcohol. Prenatal exposure to alcohol (PAE) caused marked deficits in experience-dependent plasticity in a cortical barrel-column. Cortical pla...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.051346398
更新日期:2001-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Whether and how human populations exposed to the agricultural revolution are still affected by Darwinian selection remains controversial among social scientists, biologists, and the general public. Although methods of studying selection in natural populations are well established, our understanding of selection in hum...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1118174109
更新日期:2012-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::The D1 reaction center protein of photosystem II (PSII) is subject to light-induced damage. Degradation of damaged D1 and its replacement by nascent D1 are at the heart of a PSII repair cycle, without which photosynthesis is inhibited. In mature plant chloroplasts, light stimulates the recruitment of ribosomes specifi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2007833117
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developmental genetic studies of evolved differences in morphology have led to the hypothesis that cis-regulatory changes often underlie morphological evolution. However, because most of these studies focus on evolved loss of traits, the genetic architecture and possible association with cis-regulatory changes of gain...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1407567111
更新日期:2014-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::Specific low-affinity receptors for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM; gp130), and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF; receptor alpha, CNTFR alpha) may be utilized in various combinations to generate high-affinity binding sites and signal transduction. We have tested the ability of combinations of the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.3.1119
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purified inside-out vesicles from human erythrocytes were used to investigate the active transport of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Incubation of vesicles and GSSG in the presence of ATP resulted in the transport of GSSG into the vesicles. When vesicles were incubated with reduced glutathione (GSH), no transport was ob...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.11.6359
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biological diversity reflects an underlying molecular diversity. The molecules found in nature may be regarded as solutions to challenges that have been confronted and overcome during molecular evolution. As our understanding of these solutions deepens, the efficiency with which we can discover and/or design new treat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.1.75
更新日期:1995-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::Ribozymes are RNAs that possess the dual properties of RNA sequence-specific recognition, analogous to conventional antisense molecules, and RNA substrate destruction via site-specific cleavage. The cleavage reaction is catalytic in that more than one substrate molecule is processed per ribozyme molecule. We have desi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.22.10802
更新日期:1992-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::beta 2-Glycoprotein I (beta 2-GPI), a phospholipid-binding plasma protein, is an absolute requirement (cofactor) for the binding of autoimmune-type anti-cardiolipin (aCL) antibodies to cardiolipin (CL). The nature of this cofactor activity and the specific regions of the molecule involved have not yet been determined....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.6.2141
更新日期:1993-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::High-accuracy ab initio folding has remained an elusive objective despite decades of effort. To explore the folding landscape of villin headpiece subdomain HP35, we conducted two sets of replica exchange molecular dynamics for 200 ns each and three sets of conventional microsecond-long molecular dynamics simulations, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0608432104
更新日期:2007-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::Direct conversion of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products remains as a grand challenge in electrochemical CO2 reduction. Various forms of oxidized copper have been demonstrated as electrocatalysts that still require large overpotentials. Here, we show that an ensemble of Cu nanoparticles (NPs) enables selective form...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1711493114
更新日期:2017-10-03 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanisms by which macrophages discriminate between "mature-self" and "senescent-self" were investigated using the human red blood cell (RBC) system as a model. Conditions simulating those encountered in situ were adhered to as closely as possible by using short term culture techniques and incubating with autologous ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.9.3521
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human amygdala plays a key role in recognizing facial emotions and neurons in the monkey and human amygdala respond to the emotional expression of faces. However, it remains unknown whether these responses are driven primarily by properties of the stimulus or by the perceptual judgments of the perceiver. We invest...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1323342111
更新日期:2014-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::CCAAT displacement protein (CDP), a nuclear protein of 180-190 kDa, contains a triplicated motif, the cut domain, similar (80-90% conserved) to three repeats of 60-65 amino acids first identified in Drosophila cut, a homeo-domain protein involved in cell-fate decisions in development. Cut repeats bind DNA and exhibit ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.16.7757
更新日期:1994-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::T cells that have been immunized to express optimal levels of contact hypersensitivity upon adoptive transfer to normal animals can be inhibited from doing so by incubating them with an antigen-specific T suppressor factor. This factor is composed of at least two subunits which come from cells expressing different Ly ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.7.2375
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mixed-metal oxides play a very important role in many areas of chemistry, physics, materials science, and geochemistry. Recently, there has been a strong interest in understanding phenomena associated with the deposition of oxide nanoparticles on the surface of a second (host) oxide. Here, scanning tunneling microscop...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0812604106
更新日期:2009-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a degenerative cartilage condition shown in some cases to be caused by mutations in genes encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein or type IX collagen. We studied a family with autosomal dominant MED affecting predominantly the knee joints and a mild proximal myopathy. Geneti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.3.1212
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::When yeast from the early stages of meiosis are transferred from sporulation to growth medium, they can reenter the mitotic cell cycle directly. In contrast, cells from later stages of meiosis (after the initiation of the first nuclear division) will complete meiosis and sporulation despite the shift to growth medium,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.14.6559
更新日期:1994-07-05 00:00:00