Evolved tooth gain in sticklebacks is associated with a cis-regulatory allele of Bmp6.

abstract：:A molecular dynamics study was performed to compare the differences in the active-site dynamics of the wild-type and W137F mutant enzymes of 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase. Only in the wild-type simulation are conformations formed between the catalytic Asp-145 and 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA, which resemble the ab initio ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lau EY,Bruice TC

更新日期：2001-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Atomically precise metal clusters have attracted increasing interest owing to their unique size-dependent properties; however, little has been known about the effect of size on the catalytic properties of metal clusters at the single-cluster level. Here, by real-time monitoring with single-molecule fluorescence micros...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Song P,Chen T,Liu X,Chen T,Wu Z,Wang Y,Xie J,Xu W

更新日期：2018-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Xenotropic and polytropic murine leukemia viruses (X-MLVs and P-MLVs) cross-interfere to various extents in non-mouse species and in wild Asian mice, suggesting that they might use a common receptor for infection. Consistent with this hypothesis, the susceptibility of some wild mice to X-MLVs has been mapped to the P-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tailor CS,Nouri A,Lee CG,Kozak C,Kabat D

更新日期：1999-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:B-DNA becomes unstable under superhelical stress and is able to adopt a wide range of alternative conformations including strand-separated DNA and Z-DNA. Localized sequence-dependent structural transitions are important for the regulation of biological processes such as DNA replication and transcription. To directly p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oberstrass FC,Fernandes LE,Bryant Z

更新日期：2012-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Biodistribution studies of a water-soluble radioactive metallofullerene compound have been conducted using BALB/c mice. To this end, a sample containing Hox@C82 (x = 1, 2) was purified and derivatized to prepare the water-soluble metallofullerol, Hox@C82(OH)y. This metallofullerol was then neutron-activated (165Ho[n,g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cagle DW,Kennel SJ,Mirzadeh S,Alford JM,Wilson LJ

更新日期：1999-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Salt production and trade is thought to be critical to the development of all states and emergent empires. Until now, however, scientific evidence of early salt production has rarely been presented, and no studies of early Chinese salt production have provided unequivocal proof. Here, we report x-ray fluorescence, x-r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Flad R,Zhu J,Wang C,Chen P,von Falkenhausen L,Sun Z,Li S

更新日期：2005-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:An expression for the equilibrium of the mean phenotypic value of a quantitative character is derived for a model in which the fitness of an individual depends on its own phenotype and the mean phenotypic value of a group of related individuals. When selection is weak the equilibrium mean is well predicted by Hamilton...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boyd R,Richerson PJ

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rat mammary cell line Rama 25 [Bennett, D.C., Peachey, L.A., Durbin, H. & Rudland, P.S. (1978) Cell 15, 283--298] differentiates morphologically in vitro from a cuboidal form to a fusiform cell resembling myoepithelial cells. This differentiation occurs in all clonal isolates of the line. By using three different ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lennon VA,Unger M,Dulbecco R

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein is the primary surface antigen targeted by the host immune response and a focus for development of novel vaccines, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), and therapeutics. HA enables viral entry into host cells via receptor binding and membrane fusion and is a validated targ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yao Y,Kadam RU,Lee CD,Woehl JL,Wu NC,Zhu X,Kitamura S,Wilson IA,Wolan DW

更新日期：2020-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:High-resolution maps integrated with the enhanced location data base software (LDB+) give improved estimates of genetic parameters and reveal characteristics of cytogenetic bands. Chiasma interference is intermediate between Kosambi and Carter-Falconer levels, as in Drosophila and the mouse. The autosomal genetic map ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Collins A,Frezal J,Teague J,Morton NE

更新日期：1996-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:mRNA-dependent cell-free protein synthesis systems were prepared from a heme-deficient ole3 mutant of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown either in the absence or in the presence of the heme precursor delta-aminolevulinate. When supplemented with total yeast mRNA, the two systems-from heme-deficient and from heme...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hamilton B,Hofbauer R,Ruis H

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we demonstrate that near infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy provides unprecedented biochemical information about the extent of atherosclerosis in human aorta. In particular, elastin, collagen, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, lipids, carotenoids, and calcium apatite deposits all can be discern...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baraga JJ,Feld MS,Rava RP

更新日期：1992-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity-driven type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated cardiovascular complications. Here, we show that perturbation of caveolar microdomains leads to insulin resistance and concomitant up-regulation of PAI-1 in 3T3L1 adipocytes. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Venugopal J,Hanashiro K,Yang ZZ,Nagamine Y

更新日期：2004-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we solve several boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation on polygonal domains. We observe that when the problems are formulated as the boundary integral equations of potential theory, the solutions are representable by series of appropriately chosen Bessel functions. In addition to being analy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Serkh K,Rokhlin V

更新日期：2016-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice lacking major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens were generated by mating beta 2-microglobulin-deficient, and therefore class I-deficient, animals with MHC class II-deficient animals. When housed under sterile conditions, the resulting MHC-deficient mice appear healthy, survive for many months, and breed s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grusby MJ,Auchincloss H Jr,Lee R,Johnson RS,Spencer JP,Zijlstra M,Jaenisch R,Papaioannou VE,Glimcher LH

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cooperation via production of common goods is found in diverse life forms ranging from viruses to social animals. However, natural selection predicts a "tragedy of the commons": Cheaters, benefiting from without producing costly common goods, are more fit than cooperators and should destroy cooperation. In an attempt ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Waite AJ,Shou W

更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Enhanced transductional recombination between specialized transducing phage lambda plac5 and plasmid F42lac depends on cis- and trans-acting factors. By constructing a series of recombinant molecules, the cis-acting site required for enhanced recombination has been identified as oriT, the origin of conjugational trans...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seifert HS,Porter RD

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The TATA box-binding activity of transcription factor IID (TFIID) is autoinhibited by the N-terminal domain of the Drosophila TATA box-binding protein- (TBP) associated factor 230/yeast TBP-associated factor 145 subunit, which binds to the TATA box-binding domain of TBP by mimicking the TATA box structure. Here, we pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kotani T,Banno K,Ikura M,Hinnebusch AG,Nakatani Y,Kawaichi M,Kokubo T

更新日期：2000-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The genetic code in a eukaryotic system has been expanded by the engineering of Escherichia coli tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) with the Y37V and Q195C mutations (37V195C), which specifically recognize 3-iodo-L-tyrosine rather than L-tyrosine. In the present study, we determined the 3-iodo-L-tyrosine- and L-tyrosine-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kobayashi T,Sakamoto K,Takimura T,Sekine R,Kelly VP,Kamata K,Nishimura S,Yokoyama S

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophage lambda encodes a number of genes involved in the recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The product of one of these genes, rap, has been purified. Truncated Rap proteins that copurify with the full-length form are derived, at least in part, from a rho-dependent transcription terminator locat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sharples GJ,Corbett LM,Graham IR

更新日期：1998-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A single-chain Fv (scFv) fusion phage library derived from random combinations of VH and VL (variable heavy and light chains) domains in the antibody repertoire of a vaccinated melanoma patient was previously used to isolate clones that bind specifically to melanoma cells. An unexpected finding was that one of the clo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cai X,Garen A

更新日期：1997-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Confined liquid crystals (LC) provide a unique platform for technological applications and for the study of LC properties, such as bulk elasticity, surface anchoring, and topological defects. In this work, lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) are confined in spherical droplets, and their director configurations...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jeong J,Davidson ZS,Collings PJ,Lubensky TC,Yodh AG

更新日期：2014-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The Clausius-Mossotti function for the dielectric constant is expanded in terms of single atom and pair polarizabilities, leading to contributions that depend on both the trace and the anisotropy of the pair-polarizability tensor. The short-range contribution of the anisotropic part to the pair polarizabilities has pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alder BJ,Beers JC,Strauss HL,Weis JJ

更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A glycoprotein was isolated and purified to homogeneity from the serum of a patient with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. NaDodSO4/PAGE of the glycoprotein revealed a single major band at Mr approximately 77,000. Antibodies to this glycoprotein were shown to possess the following immunoreactivity: (i) they reacted by r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seto B,Gerety RJ

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endosymbiont Wolbachia is common among insects and known for the reproductive manipulations it exerts on hosts as well as inhibition of virus replication in their hosts. Recently, we showed that Wolbachia uses host microRNAs to manipulate host gene expression for its efficient maintenance in the dengue mosquito ve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang G,Hussain M,O'Neill SL,Asgari S

更新日期：2013-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-free DNA shed by cancer cells has been shown to be a rich source of putative tumor-specific biomarkers. Because cell-free DNA from brain and spinal cord tumors cannot usually be detected in the blood, we studied whether the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that bathes the CNS is enriched for tumor DNA, here termed CSF-t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Y,Springer S,Zhang M,McMahon KW,Kinde I,Dobbyn L,Ptak J,Brem H,Chaichana K,Gallia GL,Gokaslan ZL,Groves ML,Jallo GI,Lim M,Olivi A,Quinones-Hinojosa A,Rigamonti D,Riggins GJ,Sciubba DM,Weingart JD,Wolinsky JP

更新日期：2015-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that lack a unique 3D structure and comprise a large fraction of the human proteome play important roles in numerous cellular functions. Prostate-Associated Gene 4 (PAGE4) is an IDP that acts as a potentiator of the Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor. Homeodomain-I...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kulkarni P,Jolly MK,Jia D,Mooney SM,Bhargava A,Kagohara LT,Chen Y,Hao P,He Y,Veltri RW,Grishaev A,Weninger K,Levine H,Orban J

更新日期：2017-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1950, John Nash contributed a remarkable one-page PNAS article that defined and characterized a notion of equilibrium for n- person games. This notion, now called the "Nash equilibrium," has been widely applied and adapted in economics and other behavioral sciences. Indeed, game theory, with the Nash equilibrium as...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holt CA,Roth AE

更新日期：2004-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Nicotine exposure diminishes the protective breathing and arousal responses to stress (hypoxia). By exacerbating sleep-disordered breathing, this disturbance could underpin the well established association between smoking and the increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. We show here that the protective response...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cohen G,Han ZY,Grailhe R,Gallego J,Gaultier C,Changeux JP,Lagercrantz H

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neu gene is distantly related to the erbB gene and encodes a cell surface protein that appears to function as a growth factor receptor. To study the mechanisms that caused the conversion of the normal neu gene to an oncogenic allele, we have isolated molecular clones of the neu oncogene as well as a clone of the c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hung MC,Schechter AL,Chevray PY,Stern DF,Weinberg RA

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00