Abstract:
:In 1950, John Nash contributed a remarkable one-page PNAS article that defined and characterized a notion of equilibrium for n- person games. This notion, now called the "Nash equilibrium," has been widely applied and adapted in economics and other behavioral sciences. Indeed, game theory, with the Nash equilibrium as its centerpiece, is becoming the most prominent unifying theory of social science. In this perspective, we summarize the historical context and subsequent impact of Nash's contribution.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Holt CA,Roth AEdoi
10.1073/pnas.0308738101keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-03-23 00:00:00pages
3999-4002issue
12eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0308738101journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Preterm birth (PTB) complications are the leading cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in children. By using whole blood samples, we integrated whole-genome sequencing (WGS), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and DNA methylation data for 270 PTB and 521 control families. We analyzed this combined dataset to identify gen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1716314116
更新日期:2019-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::SgrS RNA is a model for the large class of Hfq-associated small RNAs that act to posttranscriptionally regulate bacterial mRNAs. The function of SgrS is well-characterized in nonpathogenic Escherichia coli, where it was originally shown to counteract glucose-phosphate stress by acting as a repressor of the ptsG mRNA, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1119414109
更新日期:2012-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of urea and of guanidinium chloride on binding constants in water for 6-(4-tert-butylanilino)-naphthalene-2-sulfonate and of bis(p-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate binding to beta-cyclodextrin and to N,N'-bis(6-beta-cyclo-dextrinyl)imidazolium ion have been determined. Their effects on the water solubility of p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.15.6916
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The core enzyme of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase acquires essential promoter recognition and transcription initiation activities by binding one of several sigma subunits. To characterize the proximity between sigma70, the major sigma for transcription of the growth-related genes, and the core enzyme subunits (alpha2...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.11.6021
更新日期:1998-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations responsible for inherited disease may act by disrupting normal transcriptional splicing. Such mutations can be difficult to detect, and their effects difficult to characterize, because many lie deep within exons or introns where they may alter splice enhancers or silencers or introduce new splice acceptors o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1915608116
更新日期:2019-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::The chemical speciation of arsenic in sediments and porewaters of aquifers is the critical factor that determines whether dissolved arsenic accumulates to potentially toxic levels. Sequestration of arsenic in solid phases, which may occur by adsorption or precipitation processes, controls dissolved concentrations. We ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0402775101
更新日期:2004-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::The protein kinase A stimulator cAMP can potentiate the ability of progestins to induce the transactivation function of the human progesterone receptor (hPR). We questioned in the present study whether cAMP could functionally cooperate with the progestin antagonist RU486. In T47D human breast cancer cells, RU486 behav...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.10.4441
更新日期:1993-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::For a number of viruses, oligomerization is a critical component of envelope processing and surface expression. Previously, we reported that a synthetic peptide (DP-107) corresponding to the putative leucine zipper region (aa 553-590) of the transmembrane protein (gp41) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.26.12676
更新日期:1994-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::NY-ESO-1 is a "cancer-testis" antigen frequently expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and is among the most immunogenic tumor antigens defined to date. In an effort to understand in vivo tolerance mechanisms, we assessed the phenotype and function of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cells derived from peripheral blo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1003345107
更新日期:2010-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::Degradable polymers are beginning to play an increasing role as materials for environmental and medical applications. Understanding factors that control erosion, such as bond cleavage and the dissolution and diffusion of degradation products, will be critical to the future development of these materials. Erosion kinet...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.2.552
更新日期:1993-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological character displacement describes a pattern where morphological differences between sympatric species are enhanced through interspecific competition. Although widely considered a pervasive force in evolutionary ecology, few clear-cut examples have been documented. Here we report a case of ecological characte...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.8.4106
更新日期:2000-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::The amino acid sequence of rabbit skeletal muscle heat-stable inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been determined by microsequencing techniques. Proof of the structure involved a series of nonoverlapping tryptic fragments for primary identification of 86% of the amino acids. Complementary fragments gene...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.17.5732
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The restriction endonuclease, HindIII, gives rise to three fragments in each of the three mitochondrial DNAs isolated from the established mammalian cell lines LA9 (mouse), HeLa (human), and BSC-1 (African green monkey). The restriction endonuclease, EcoRI, gives rise to three fragments in mitochondrial DNA from HeLa ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.11.4617
更新日期:1974-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::For length and area, a central fact is that the value of the length of a curve or the area of a surface, as given by the Lebesgue theory, is at least as great as that given by the classical formula, whenever the latter has meaning. This is now found not to be valid in higher dimensions. We give an example of a continu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.63.1.38
更新日期:1969-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of small peptides corresponding to the amino termini of the fibrin alpha- and beta-chains has been synthesized. The peptides glycyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-proline and glycyl-L-prolyl-L-arginylsarcosine are potent inhibitors of fibrin polymerization. Moreover, these peptides have a natural stability stemming fro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.7.3085
更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zfp57 is a maternal-zygotic effect gene that maintains genomic imprinting. Here we report that Zfp57 mutants exhibited a variety of cardiac defects including atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), thin myocardium, and reduced trabeculation. Zfp57 maternal-zygotic mutant embryos displayed more sev...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1415541112
更新日期:2015-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer comprises a heterogeneous set of diseases distinguishable from one another by pathologic presentation and molecular signatures. However, each breast cancer subtype is also heterogeneous. Some of the heterogeneity may be attributable to genetic instability, but recent data emphasize that developmental pla...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1017001108
更新日期:2010-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::In our earlier work we showed that either spermidine or spermine could support the growth of spe2Delta or spe3Delta polyamine-requiring mutants, but it was unclear whether the cells had a specific requirement for either of these amines. In the current work, we demonstrate that spermidine is specifically required for t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1835918100
更新日期:2003-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Morphological and genetic characters from cyprinid fishes of the genus Gila were examined to assess a hypothesized hybrid origin of Gila seminuda from the Virgin River, Arizona-Nevada-Utah. The presumed parents, Gila robusta robusta and Gila elegans, are clearly differentiated from one another based on morphology, all...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.7.2747
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Optimal flowering time is critical to the success of modern agriculture. Sorghum is a short-day tropical species that exhibits substantial photoperiod sensitivity and delayed flowering in long days. Genotypes with reduced photoperiod sensitivity enabled sorghum's utilization as a grain crop in temperate zones worldwid...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1106212108
更新日期:2011-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::We present a comparative study of calorimetrically derived thermodynamic profiles for the binding of a series of drugs with selected DNA host duplexes. We use these data to demonstrate that comparisons between complete thermodynamic profiles (delta G zero, delta H zero, delta S zero, delta Cp) are required before drug...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.24.8922
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A form of autosomal dominant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is caused by a nonconservative missense mutation, A322D, in the GABAA receptor alpha1 subunit M3 transmembrane helix. We reported previously that the A322D mutation reduced total and surface alpha1(A322D) subunit protein and that residual alpha1(A322D) subunit r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0700163104
更新日期:2007-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with epithelial and lymphoid malignancies, establishes latent infection in memory B cells, and intermittently produces infectious virions through lytic replication. Released virions play a key role in latent reservoir maintenance and transmission. Lytic EBV transcription differs ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2000625117
更新日期:2020-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::Speech recognition involves three processes: extraction of acoustic indices from the speech signal, estimation of the probability that the observed index string was caused by a hypothesized utterance segment, and determination of the recognized utterance via a search among hypothesized alternatives. This paper is not ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.22.9964
更新日期:1995-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::We report that, in rats, the lethal consequences of high-dose endotoxin challenge are exacerbated by the intravascular administration of prostaglandin E1 but attenuated by the intravascular administration of endocytosable particles. This protection is mediated by opsonins. Nonopsonizable particles were unable to provi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.7.2815
更新日期:1995-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Intermolecular electronic coupling dictates the optical properties of molecular aggregate systems. Of particular interest are photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes that absorb sunlight then efficiently direct energy toward the photosynthetic reaction center. Two-dimensional (2D) ultrafast spectroscopy has been used...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0701201104
更新日期:2007-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::The binding of 125I-labeled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to parental and three distinct WGA-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines possessing modified cell surface carbohydrate structures has been examined over a 10(6)-fold range of WGA concentrations. The Scatchard plot for WGA binding to parental cells was comple...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.11.5056
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rare high-3He/4He signatures in ocean island basalts (OIB) erupted at volcanic hotspots derive from deep-seated domains preserved in Earth's interior. Only high-3He/4He OIB exhibit anomalous 182W-an isotopic signature inherited during the earliest history of Earth-supporting an ancient origin of high 3He/4He. However,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2009663117
更新日期:2020-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::Emerging and reemerging viruses are responsible for a number of recent epidemic outbreaks. A crucial step in predicting and controlling outbreaks is the timely and accurate characterization of emerging virus strains. We present a portable microfluidic platform containing carbon nanotube arrays with differential filtra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1910113117
更新日期:2020-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::The major virulence determinant of the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii, has remained unresolved since the discovery of the lethal line in the 1970s. Because virulence in this parasite correlates with the ability to invade different types of erythrocytes, we evaluated the potential role of the parasite eryth...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0811313106
更新日期:2009-04-28 00:00:00